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This book includes papers presented at the 14th International Conference “Economies of the Balkan and Eastern European Countries” (EBEEC), held in Florence, Italy, in May 2022. It sheds new light on the micro- and macroeconomic developments in the Eastern European and Balkan countries, taking into account also the broader regional and global factors influencing these developments. In particular, it includes the latest theoretical and empirical research and policy insights from Central and Southeastern Europe and presents new ideas on how to resolve economic problems, also generated by the pandemic, in the Balkan and Eastern European economies in a pan-European context. By examining how the decisions and the performance of economic, social, and political actors in the area are intertwined with wider events, also at a global level, the papers highlight the dynamic development in Eastern Europe and the Balkans region. Further, the book demonstrates how the area is evolving within the framework of European economic integration and the global effervescent economy.

The contents of this volume focuses on the economic issues such as income inequality, foreign direct investment, world income classification, business issues such as customer churn analysis, internal branding, human resources issues among others. The papers were presented during the 11th Annual Research Conference of Symbiosis Institute of Management Studies (SIMSARC2020). The book also focuses on the information technology and its application for the business in the form of social media, role of artificial intelligence etc. The contents of the volume are highly relevant, consisting of recent data and results, and based on strong research and statistical analysis. They widely cover the business, society and environmental issues faced in the present times, and the challenges faced by India to reach its goal of a trillion dollar economy. The papers not only discuss the issues but also come up with research based solutions and will be of interest to scholars, corporates, policy makers, and academics alike.

The proceedings consist of papers accepted by the 5th ICEMGD, which are carefully selected and reviewed by professional reviewers from corresponding research fields and the editing committee of the conference. The papers have a diverse range of topics situated at the intersecting field of Economic Management, Public Administration and Green Development. ICEMGD is working to provide a platform for international participants from fields like macro- and microeconomics, international economics, finance, agricultural economics, health economics, business management and marketing strategies, regional development studies, social governance, and sustainable development. This proceedings volume, together with the conference, looks forward to spark inspirations and promote collaborations. It will be of interest to researchers, academics, professionals and policy makers in the field of economic management, public administration, and development studies. Due to COVID-19, ICEMGD was held online on 12-17 August, 2021.

This book features a selection of papers presented at the 15th International Conference “Economies of the Balkan and Eastern European Countries” (EBEEC), held at the University of the Aegean in Chios, Greece, May 12-14, 2023. The EBEEC conference serves as an annual meeting of policy makers from Eastern European and Balkan countries as well as scientists. More than 300 researchers and students attended the conference and presented their work in parallel sessions.This volume deals with various aspects of economic growth, prosperity and (environmental, social and economic) sustainability of countries in the region in the context of globalization and digitalization. It also examines topics such as consumer behavior towards new products and services, human capital, teleworking, the food market, international trade and foreign direct investment. In turn, the book proposes frameworks and solutions to help countries deal with and manage the complex local and global environment.

This book explores multifaceted dimensions of economic crisis management including strategies and trends post-crisis. It examines the constraints and opportunities shaping the future of economics, social science and policy making, providing various economic models and paradigms. Featuring the best papers presented at the 2022 International Conference of Economic Scientific Research - Theoretical, Empirical and Practical Approaches (ESPERA), this book explores topics of highest interest such as energy crisis, inflation, fiscal and monetary policy, food security, safety and sustainability, the future of work, global financial systems, sovereign debt sustainability, digital currencies, supply chain disruptions, and cybersecurity, among others. Through the discussion of these topics, this book bridges the gap between theory and practice in economic crisis management and it is useful for scholars, researchers, academics, and policymakers.

This proceedings book showcases papers presented at the 2022 Rethinking Management and Economics in the (New) 20s conference in Leiria, Portugal. Rethinking Management and Economics in the (New) 20's is focused on the investigation of key challenges and perspectives of Management and Economics. The chapters in this book explore new avenues of research and cover theoretical, empirical, and experimental studies related to different themes in the global context of Management and Economics. This book contributes towards deepening our understanding of what the new problems associated with achieving the goals of management and Economics in the 2020s and present possible solutions to the problems. This book is ideal for economists, businesses, managers, accountants, practitioners, stakeholders, researchers, academicians, and students who are interested in the current issues and advancements in corporate governance and earnings management.

This book is an innovative exercise to unravel recent advances in development fundamentals in emerging economies through Indian lens that include various aspects of macroeconomics, international trade, finance, and issues connected to social sector that have become more important in post-pandemic world. The book throws light on efficacy of existing policies and need of reform in policy framework to enhance growth and development and reduce gender disparities in the context of India and other emerging economies. The papers included in different chapters use frontline techniques to discuss various issues that in turn will be of great help for graduate and postgraduate teaching as well as for research. The book substantially contributes to the growing literature on issues relating trade, development, finance, and social sector in light of threat posed by COVID-19 pandemic in emerging market economies and extends the frontiers of knowledge.

This book provides a thorough understanding of the key policy debates on international trade and investment for development with a focus on the East African Community (EAC) to strengthen Member States'capacity to develop policies to promote their exports'competitiveness and diversification. Beyond Member States', the book serves as a base for a deeper understanding of the challenges, opportunities and requirements of the intra-continental trade agreement which is now in sight with the ratification of the Tripartite (EAC-COMESA-SADC) Free Trade Area that is critical in addressing key constraints to trade in the African continent. Moreover, the lessons from this edited volume may also extend to the challenges and opportunities of the African Continental Free Trade Area. The book brings together a comprehensive overview and an evidence-based analysis that can be considered best practice in the region. The trade and investment policy analysis of constraints and opportunities aims to improve trade and competitiveness and covers macro- (economy-wide), meso- (sectoral) and micro- (firm or household) levels. This multi-level approach is crucial for understanding how current trade and investment policies limit competitiveness and diversification in order to identify more tangible policy action for overcoming such constraints. The individual contributors follow comprehensive applied empirical approaches, and each chapter generates knowledge needed to identify key challenges and opportunities focusing on research-led policy-relevant approaches that enable readers to better understand national, bilateral, and multilateral cooperation as well as policies for sustainable development in East Africa. The contributors know the EAC context very well as their engagement in policymaking goes beyond the context of the papers they are writing about. The individual chapters were developed as part of a research and capacity building programme under the aegis of ACP and EUthat we implemented in 2020-2022. The research project well fits into the Frontiers in African Business Research series as we have many African contributors. The contributions matter to policymakers and academic circles. For students, the book serves as an excellent guide for understanding international trade and investment theories and gaining up-to-date knowledge on developments in the world economy and their effects on developing countries and SDGs. Trade policy researchers and students will be able to extend theories and empirical data to address new and emerging topics beyond the settings already covered in the book.

In diesem Buch werden der Wachstumstheorie zuzuordnende Kreislaufmodelle eingeführt, die der heterogenen Struktur von Volkswirtschaften explizit Rechnung tragen. Dazu werden Ökonomien in Haushaltsgruppen aufgeteilt, die über voneinander verschiedene durchschnittliche Arbeitseinkommen, Konsumausgaben und Vermögen verfügen, und es wird untersucht, welchen Einfluss die Faktoren Wirtschaftswachstum und Kapitalertragsrate auf deren wirtschaftliche Entwicklung ausüben. Im Rahmen dieser Modelle wird nachgewiesen, dass sich die Haushaltsgruppen vollkommen unterschiedlich entwickeln können. Insbesondere dann, wenn die Kapitalertragsrate größer ist als das Wirtschaftswachstum, kann eine zunehmende Konzentration der Vermögen bei den wohlhabenden zulasten der Vermögen der übrigen Haushaltsgruppen auftreten. Im letzten Teil des Buches wird der Einfluss von Einkommen- und Kapitalertragssteuern auf die Vermögensverteilung untersucht.

This book, the second of two volumes, explores India's economic development from the Gupta Empire (400AD) through to modern day India. The specific characteristics of economic development in India are examined to help determine development paths India can pursue to create sustainable development in the 21st century. The transition from the primary section to the secondary sector, through the process of industrialisation and in turn the move towards the services sector, is discussed in relation to climate change, technological innovation, and the pressure on resources posed by population growth. This book aims to contextualise India's economic development within the political economy of trade, with a particular focus on institutions such as the IMF and the British East India Company. It will be relevant to students and researchers interested in economic history, development economics, and the political economy.

Corporations are increasingly dedicated to implementing more robust climate change practices in an era characterized by natural resource constraints, socio-environmental challenges, and mounting climate change pressures. This book provides a timely exploration of theoretical and empirical perspectives on global climate governance and corporate eco-innovation activities. It illustrates how corporations are actively addressing climate change by enhancing their climate governance systems and integrating eco-innovation into their operations, significantly impacting financial decision-making, policies, performance, risk management, and other crucial indicators. In this context, eco-innovation represents a corporation's ability to reduce environmental costs and burdens for its customers. It plays a vital role in helping firms improve energy and environmental efficiency, mitigate energy consumption, reduce carbon emissions, and minimize ecological harm during and after production. Additionally, eco-innovation can create new market opportunities by enhancing existing environmental technologies. Furthermore, the shift from conventional corporate governance to a heightened focus on corporate climate governance mechanisms, such as the establishment of ecological committees, the implementation of cli-mate incentives for managers and executives, and the publication of sustainability or climate change reports, proves to be an effective strategy for motivating firms to become more dedicated to environmental protection and eco-innovation initiatives.

The book examines female entrepreneurship in the nineteenth century. Economic history has long accorded women entrepreneurs a very minor place, relegating them to the status of historical anecdotes. The hypothesis of women's withdrawal from the business sphere after the eighteenth century has long dominated. However, this view has recently been subject to a fundamental questioning. Women did in fact actively contribute to economic development by occupying key positions in the business sphere as independent workers, investors and entrepreneurs. Businesswomen were no exception in the nineteenth century. They ran businesses of all sizes and in a wide range of industrial sectors. This book helps to bring nineteenth-century women entrepreneurs out of invisibility, by examining their entrepreneurial practices and shedding light on the role of the legal framework in which they operated. This interdisciplinary book will appeal to students, scholars, and researchers of economic history, business history, history of law, and economics and management sciences in general, interested in a better understanding of female entrepreneurship in the nineteenth century.

In this study on the Japanese economy, the author focuses on three problems related to economic policy and presents their answers. The author analyzes (i) what mechanisms exist for fiscal policy and the price level, (ii) whether the MMT proposition that public deficits increase people's wealth and savings fits into the standard macro model, and (iii) whether Blanchard's assertion that fiscal deficits are net wealth in the US economy can be applied to Japanese economy as well. The propositions of Sims'FTPL, Kelton's MMT, Japan's Ricardian type argument, and the non-Ricardian type of government by Blanchard have been understood as independent economic perceptions, but they will be theoretically shown as a coherent story. Namely, this study presents a macroeconomic framework that includes the financial sector and derives Sims'proposition that “fiscal policy can be the sole determinant of the price level.” It also shows that MMT's claim that'budget deficits increase our wealth and collective savings'can inevitably hold within this framework. Furthermore, it presents a model that consistently explains that public debt leads to financial collapse but contributes to economic welfare.

This book discusses a compelling array of topics at the intersection of entrepreneurship, education, and technological innovation within the creative industries. It delves into a captivating exploration of sustainable entrepreneurship in Part 1, where key characteristics of sustainable entrepreneurs and factors influencing entrepreneurial intention are dissected. By unearthing the nexus between entrepreneurial alertness, networking capability, and venture performance, it provides intriguing insights into sustaining traditional crafts and brands amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The following parts not only unveil current innovative pedagogical strategies in creative design education but propels you into the future, exploring the harmonious fusion of academia and industry in sustainability-driven programs. Designed for educators, students, researchers, and practitioners in entrepreneurship, design, and technology fields, this book offers a transformative journey into sustainable practices, innovative pedagogies, and cutting-edge advancements. Engaging, informative, and thought-provoking, it is a must-read for those seeking to shape the future of creative industries through entrepreneurship, education, and innovation.

This book examines the adoption of digital technologies in different sectors in South Africa. The authors investigate how digital innovation impacts development in various areas in the public and private sectors. Chapters in the book cover digital transformation in authorities and government bodies and how this transforms governance, this includes digital transformation for good governance in the public sector, tax authorities, local government, and traditional authorities. The second set of chapters emphasizes the digital transformation of business corporations, such as digital transformation lessons for small businesses, digital transformation of finance, and the banking sector. Other chapters delve into enterprise processes such as auditing, corporate reporting, good corporate reputation, enterprise risk management, and marketing environment. The book will appeal to an audience of scholars and professionals wanting to understand more about the role of digital transformation in emerging economies and how innovation influences economic growth.

This timely book offers a concise summary of new developmentalism, exploring this in the context of both heterodox economics and political economy. It adopts a historical–structural method that is critical of orthodox or Neoclassical Economics. Luis Carlos Bresser-Pereira delves into the roots of new developmentalism from the quasi-stagnation of middle-income countries, covering how it developed from Marxian economics, post-Keynesian economics and Classical Structuralism.Innovative in its approach and coverage, Bresser-Pereira first introduces the method and the schools relevant to new developmentalism, before moving on to look at how it can revolutionise political economy, economics and growth economics. Chapters explore the capitalist revolution, the phases of capitalist development and class coalitions, micro- and macro-economics, and the importance of the exchange rate in determining investment and growth. The book concludes with a forward-looking synopsis of the ways in which new developmentalism is both green and social.This will be a critical read for heterodox economics students and scholars, as well as economics students more widely. Its practical implications will also make this an invigorating read for economists looking to better understand new developmentalism and its potential impacts.

The e-commerce industry is growing year by year, with the COVID-19 pandemic having greatly accelerated this process. In response to the massive growth, this book analyses future trends in e-commerce, focusing on its importance in some parts of the economy as well key innovations, which include future logistics solutions such as automated delivery robots. The most extensive part of the book is dedicated to exploring virtual reality in e-commerce, where the author presents research on the usage of VR goggles in online stores and discusses the potential advantages and threats. Also covering key topics such as the future of payment methods, AR as an e-commerce enhancement and the direction of its development, as well as AI methods (such as ChatGPT to generate content in an online shop), this book is a key resource for anyone studying e-business.

Focusing on these developing problems and growing troubles, this book mainly discusses economic growth issues related to demographic transition, as well as livelihood issues derived from them and closely related to policy logic. It aims to make theoretical analysis and provide necessary international experience and lessons and put forward targeted policy advice. This book proposes a three-pronged pattern of competition policy, industrial policy, and social policy to achieve productivity improvement and innovation momentum; gives full play to China's super-large market advantages, attractiveness and negotiating position; and promotes each other through domestic and international dual cycles to achieve a higher level of development.

This book advocates for a transformative shift in economics, emphasising the need to manage finite resources equitably while safeguarding universal well-being. It introduces the Equitable Optimality economic theory, departing from materialistic views and championing a theory deeply rooted in moral economy, values, and ethics. By integrating spirituality, social justice, and ethics into economic analysis, this model contends that economics can serve the welfare of all, offering a unique lens for economic theory and policy. It challenges prevailing materialistic economic paradigms by proposing an interest-balanced/free financial economy.This economic theory prioritises profit-sharing, societal objectives, and equitable resource allocation, aiming to create a more inclusive society. However, practical implementation and comprehensive research are crucial for understanding its impact and overcoming transitional challenges. The Equitable Optimality economic theory provides a valuable perspective within economics, focusing on ethical foundations, acknowledging non-monetary values, and humanising economic agents. It does not aim to replace conventional economic theories but offers an alternative framework to inspire innovative approaches to economic models and policymaking. Its broader policy perspective aims to foster a more prosperous and harmonious society by integrating ethical considerations, equity and justice into economic decision-making and emphasising societal welfare.

This book reviews China's strategic pathway over the last 1000 years and considers its prospects for ascending to high-income status by the end of the 21st century. It analyzes why, although China's chances of joining the global core are sound, they are not outstanding; in addition, it faces mounting challenges, internal and external alike. The argument is presented in the framework of dynamic-strategy theory, which is expounded here in novel form. This exposition includes a wide ranging survey of global history, with a focus on the development of the industrialisation paths of the major economies of today, including a detailed study of Japan's long-run strategic pathway. The book's closing section presents a scenario-based discussion of China's potential place in the world in 2100. The analysis implies that China's zenith is likely to be reached slightly before mid-century, after which its relative economic scale will likely decline. Beyond that generalfinding, the scenarios investigate the wide range of plausible outcomes that China may experience: a range that the author contends is much wider for China than for nations under-pinned by less complex political-economies. Given its scope, the book will appeal to scholars of history, economics, geopolitics and sinology, and to anyone interested in learning about China's economic prospects at a time of increasingly heated ideological and empirical debates.

Other Canon Economics: Essays in the Theory and History of Uneven Economic Development brings together key essays on development economics from one of the most prolific and important development economists and historians of economic policy today. Erik S Reinert argues through essays ranging from 1994 to 2020 that neo-classical economics damages developing countries: the theory of comparative advantage leaves out a number of factors which make economic activities qualitatively different as carriers of economic growth. Based on a long intellectual tradition – started by the Italian economists Giovanni Botero (1589) and Antonio Serra (1613) and later used in virtually all presently industrialised countries – Reinert shows that the country which exports increasing returns goods – e.g. high-end manufacture – has advantages over the country which exports diminishing returns goods – e.g. commodities. This has important implications for today's development strategies that, Reinert argues, should be seen as industrial strategies.

Other Canon Economics: Essays in the Theory and History of Uneven Economic Development brings together key essays on development economics from one of the most prolific and important development economists and historians of economic policy today. Erik S Reinert argues through essays ranging from 1994 to 2020 that neo-classical economics damages developing countries: the theory of comparative advantage leaves out a number of factors which make economic activities qualitatively different as carriers of economic growth. Based on a long intellectual tradition – started by the Italian economists Giovanni Botero (1589) and Antonio Serra (1613) and later used in virtually all presently industrialised countries – Reinert shows that the country which exports increasing returns goods – e.g. high-end manufacture – has advantages over the country which exports diminishing returns goods – e.g. commodities. This has important implications for today's development strategies that, Reinert argues, should be seen as industrial strategies.

This edited volume is an interdisciplinary approach towards examining and integrating diverse theories, methodologies, and practices of social entrepreneurship. It highlights how social enterprises with their focus on resolving societal problems and driving social change, are critical for inclusive economic growth. The book is organized in three parts --- values, sustainability and social enterprise models; context, innovation and technology; and, perspectives and directions of future research in social entrepreneurship. The chapters contribute towards a better understanding of organizational and process dimensions of social and economic value creation, a relatively under-researched area in social entrepreneurship. They capture an extensive range of insights, analysis and case studies bringing together context specific dimensions and variables supportive of social enterprise creation and the development processes in social value creation. The book is useful for a wide range of audiences including social entrepreneurs, researchers, policy makers, development professionals, graduate and post graduate students seeking a deeper understanding of this evolving field. It also emphasizes practical guidance for individuals and organizations involved in social enterprise. It offers actionable insights, best practices, and real-world examples, enabling readers to apply the knowledge gained to their own contexts and effectively navigate the challenges and opportunities encountered in the field.

This book provides a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the mixed ownership reform, a timely and critical topic in the Chinese economy. Authors approach the subject matter with a unique blend of theoretical perspectives and practical examples, offering insights into the future trajectory of SOEs in China. The book's content spans from the historical evolution of SOEs, the role of state-owned capital, to the impact of mixed ownership on social capital, and the institutional measures required for successful reform. It is intended for academics, students, and practitioners interested in Chinese economy and business. The most important features and benefits of the book include its comprehensive analysis, blend of theory and practice, and forward-looking perspective.

This book takes stock of and analyses the direct and indirect effects of the war in Ukraine, the policy response to the shock across countries, as well as the potential medium-term economic and social implications and policy challenges. The last decade most Central and Eastern European (CEE) economies have been on a convergence path towards the EU average according to the main economic indicators. In 2022, however, the terrible war in Ukraine had major spillovers to the rest of the world, with the CEE economies being among the most exposed. The millions of refugees, the disruptions to energy supply, trade and supply chains, the surge in inflation, the tightening of global financial conditions, and elevated uncertainty created a radically new economic and social environment in these countries. The volume covers the economic effects of these challenges, the policy options available, and also those related to the eventual reconstruction of Ukraine, including the potential role of the CEE countries. Based on data and evidence-supported policy analysis, each chapter studies the impact of the shock on a particular area of the economy and makes general and country-specific policy recommendations. This makes this book a must-read for students, scholars, and researchers of economics and neighboring disciplines, as well as policy-makers interested in a better understading of the direct and indirect effects of the war in Ukraine on the CEE countries. The book is a sequel to the volume Emerging European Economies after the Pandemic, (Springer Nature, January 2022). Chapter'Economic Growth & Resilience'is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book aims to present the observation and Interpretation for China's economic growth since Reform and Opening-up from a Chinese economist's view. The book is divided into 5 sections, including the research of traditional socialist economic structure, China's transformation from planned economy to market economy, reform of Chinese industrial economy, economic growth and political economy. Key topics are covered over the past 40 years including strategies for economic transformation, dual-track pricing, industrial transformation and enterprise reform, capital formation and economic growth, structural changes and productivity growth, macroeconomics, fiscal relations between central and local governments, and the political economy of growth.

This edited collection examines the impact of new technologies and new managerial and policy perspectives on entrepreneurial development in Southern Africa, paying particular attention to small and medium sized enterprises, which contribute significantly to GDP and employment, but often find it difficult to survive beyond the first five years. Chapters are divided in two parts, the first covering technological perspectives and the second managerial perspectives. Africa's cultural and geographic diversity is taken into account, with authors from Ghana, Lesotho, South Africa and Zimbabwe providing regional case studies and the editors synthesising these discussions in a concluding chapter that touches on sustainability and development to working lives and livelihoods across the region. Exploring critical issues of entrepreneurial human capital development, innovation, technology, legislative frameworks and marketing strategies, this book will be of great interest to researchers, students and policymakers.

Immiserizing Growth Fails the Poor refers to situations where economic growth does not lead to poverty reduction. How should this phenomenon be conceptualized? How often, when, and where does it occur? Why does it occur? Shaffer addresses these three sets of questions drawing on a wide range of theoretical perspectives and empirical approaches. This volume presents a conceptualization of immiserizing growth which combines the notions of failed and malevolent inclusion, being bypassed, and'avoidably'harmed by growth, respectively. It develops this concept of malevolent inclusion drawing on a debate in philosophy about'doing and allowing harm'. The analysis proceeds to examine the characteristics and causes of immiserizing growth on the basis of comparable household survey data from the 1990s using multiple poverty lines and time periods, and different measures of growth and poverty. The book also explores theories, processes, and mechanisms of immiserizing growth found in a wide variety of bodies of thought including the classical tradition of political economy (Mathus, Ricardo, and Marx), more recent radical traditions of scholarship, literatures on poverty dynamics, and inclusive growth and empirical case studies. It proceeds to empirically investigate some of the variables uncovered in this literature using cross-country econometric techniques, methods of qualitative comparative analysis and case-studies from sub-Saharan Africa, matched using cluster analysis and situated within a typological framework.

This book presents a holistic picture of Nigeria's financial services landscape. This includes identifying service providers and regulatory bodies, understanding consumer behaviour, and examining the unique challenges faced by Nigerian financial institutions. The book presents up-to-date research on recent developments and regulatory changes within Nigeria's financial sector, as well as future considerations for how financial services and financial inclusion can play a crucial role in the country's sustainable economic growth. Combining academic analysis with practical insights, the book takes readers through Nigeria's key financial services providers, regulators, consumers, marketing strategies and challenges. A core focus throughout is on financial inclusion and the opportunities associated with reaching financially underserved or excluded populations, demonstrating how increasing financial access at a country-wide level aligns with global goals of reducing inequalities and promoting growth. It will have interdisciplinary appeal to scholars, students and professionals working in finance, economics, business, public policy and development studies.

This book unravels the juggernaut of academic and civil society perspectives and issues relating to women's empowerment. Drawing upon contributions from serving and retired academics with substantial experience of NGO-run women's care and justice activities, it seeks to generate new ideas and insights on the problematic of a knowledge enterprise involving several hugely intractable entitlements and violations South Asian women have experienced in historical and contemporary times. The book aims to generate substantial intellectual resources for yet another stimulating churning of interest and enthusiasm among policy makers, academics, social activists, development functionaries, students and inclined laypersons concerned with women's studies in general and the multifaceted ordeal of women's empowerment in particular.

This innovative book shows that the health, education, and employment of billions of people have been improving on every continent in the past three decades. The globalization of welfare has had the biggest impact in developing countries, where more than five-sixths of the world's population lives. In Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East there has been great progress in eradicating infant mortality and illiteracy, people are living longer, and more young people are able to obtain a secondary education. These achievements are the product of a welfare mix combining resources of the household, the market, and the state. Given low starting points, only a minority of developing countries have already caught up with the high standards of welfare in Europe, the United States and Canada, and the Asia Pacific region. Slow but steady rates of progress show that people in a majority of developing countries can expect to catch up with the high, fixed standards of welfare in the next three decades. This will happen sooner in China and later in India, because China has been unusually successful in using its resources to promote welfare while India has been below the global average. These conclusions are based on Richard Rose's systematic analysis of the Global Welfare Database, which combines official and unofficial data covering 95 per cent of the world's population. The success of highly developed countries raises questions about how much is enough welfare. At what age will young people learn more by leaving classrooms and becoming employees? Is length of life or quality of life more important for older people? Should unpaid work caring for children and older family members have the same value as working and paying taxes in the official economy?

China's borderland economy has grown significantly recently, thanks largely to a favorable institutional environment created by national strategies such as the development of the western part of China, revitalization of old industrial bases in the northeast, and the anti-poverty campaign. This work draws on theories of international economics and spatial economics to study the regional economic integration of China's border areas, with the aim of shedding light on how to improve policies and practices. It discusses topics such as the transformation of border trade, industrial upgrading and urbanization in borderlands, especially in the context of cross-border economic integration. Furthermore, the book also explores ways in which changes in the border might contribute to the formation of peripheral economic growth centers, and related environmental, institutional and policy issues. It will interest scholars of Asian economic trends and the rise of China, particularly in Southeast Asia.

This book aims to enhance understanding of the academia, policymakers, and general readers about the development challenges and constraints on long-term economic growth of Pakistan. It offers policy prescriptions, based on relevant empirical studies and data analysis, for overcoming such constraints. The book's content is also relevant to other developing countries, particularly of South Asian region, as comparative data of a number of countries has been analyzed on various development themes and issues. Besides emphasizing the centrality of equitable economic growth and human resource development, themes like culture of growth, rising inequalities, misallocation of land and talent, developmental bureaucracy, judicial system, rent-seeking, social capital, fiscal capacities, and militancy etc. also find detailed exposition while exploring intimate causal connections of the said variables with economic growth. Empirical studies, mostly conducted in the context of developing countries, have been discussed to support propositions and recommend solutions for economic growth and development.

Contemporary macroeconomics is built upon microeconomic principles, with its most recent advance featuring dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models. The textbook by Heer and Maußner acquaints readers with the essential computational techniques required to tackle these models and employ them for quantitative analysis. This third edition maintains the structure of the second, dividing the content into three separate parts dedicated to representative agent models, heterogeneous agent models, and numerical methods. At the same time, every chapter has been revised and two entirely new chapters have been added. The updated content reflects the latest advances in both numerical methods and their applications in macroeconomics, spanning areas like business-cycle analysis, economic growth theory, distributional economics, monetary and fiscal policy. The two new chapters delve into advanced techniques, including higher-order perturbation, weighted residual methods, and solutions to high-dimensional nonlinear problems. In addition, the authors present further insights from macroeconomic theory, complemented by practical applications like the Smolyak algorithm, Gorman aggregation, rare disaster models and dynamic Laffer curves. Lastly, the new edition places special emphasis on practical implementation across various programming languages; accordingly, its accompanying web page offers examples of computer code for languages such as MATLAB®, GAUSS, Fortran, Julia and Python.

This book is concerned with the varying responses of South American countries to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Since Beijing launched the Belt and Road Initiative in 2013, 3/4 of countries in the world have engaged with China's arrangement of promoting global physical and digital connectivity. This still leaves a quarter of them that have refused China's offer so far or withdrawn. How do we account for why countries chose to join the BRI while others do not? Research on South American countries'responses to the BRI is scant, but the topic is pertinent. While the great-power competition and systemic rivalry have spoiled the appetite of European countries to intensify their ties with China, many developing countries seem to be rather interested. This book will interest scholars of international political economy, geopolitics, foreign policy and international development.

This edited collection presents seventeen case studies focused on development banking in Africa at both the national and regional level. It discusses the political economy and key characteristics of these banks and sets them in broader multilateral, regional and sub-regional contexts. Bringing together contributions from scholars in banking and finance as well as development finance practitioners, the book assesses in-depth the corporate governance, business models, risk management practices, institutional contexts, and challenges and achievements of development banks in a range of countries, including Ghana, Nigeria, Côte d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Kenya, Tunisia, Mauritius, Botswana, and Zimbabwe. It considers the major contributions of these banks so far, for example their impact on infrastructure development and trade, as well as setting out further policy implications and recommendations for further utilizing the potential of development banking in Africa. In addition, the book discusses comparative approaches in Asian development banks, regional banks and trade financing, regional case studies and the impact of development banking models on regional and sub-regional investments and economic development. This book will be valuable readers for scholars and practitioners interested in banking and finance, development economics and finance, African economics, and the sustainable development goals.

This volume discusses strategic approaches and relevant decisions of business, government, and civil society to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), which were adopted by all UN member states in 2015. The book presents the proceedings of the 4th International Scientific Conference on Sustainable Development (ESG 2023), St. Petersburg 2023. At present, the economies of different countries are in a zone of turbulence and the current agenda pushes the transformation of all customary systems to maintain and keep the achieved positions. This volume brings together material on sustainable development in economics and finance as well as industry. It is intended for scholars and professionals involved in public and corporate finance, financial accounting and auditing, sustainable development risk management, as well as economic growth, macroeconomics, monetary policy in a sustainable development environment, public and corporate governance and economics, corporate communications and public relations.

Despite the abundant literature about development policies and solutions, many developing countries continue to struggle with basic development issues. The author of this book argues that such a situation is due to the absence of an unlearning process that would aid in adjusting negative mindsets and outdated mental models that hinder economic development.This book addresses development issues from the behavioral perspective, linking negative mindsets and behaviors to growth and development strategies and policies. It identifies six mindsets and actions that impede the economic development of underdeveloped nations. Then, it suggests solutions to upgrade the mindsets according to the plans and policies. Moreover, the book highlights the different concepts and phenomena in a straightforward way with simple figures to facilitate their understanding for people who do not necessarily have a background in business or economics. At the same time, it fully respects scientific standards in addressing the topics and themes under discussion. Each chapter identifies the state of mind needed to ‘unlearn'with real examples and experiences and offers suggestions to undertake and accomplish the unlearning process.Based on real and clear-cut examples, the book presents the main beliefs and psychological mechanisms that lead to underperforming behaviors of customers, investors, entrepreneurs and policy makers. Thus, the main audience for the book is scholars, students and researchers in economics and development, as well as policymakers, wishing to attempt new approaches to counteract the boomerang effect.

This book aims to investigate the global value chain (GVC) from a viewpoint of industrial development and examine how GVC participation, upgrading, and connectivity have affected structural transformation in developing economies. It first reviews the indexes to measure progresses in GVC participation and upgrading. Then it examines factors affecting these progresses, using original measures of connectivity, which are computed based on the complex network theory. Another distinguished feature of the study is its in-depth analyses on the relationship between economic development and GVC participation based on the hypothesis of nonlinear relationship which is drawn from authors past studies on Asian economies. Major findings include (1) inverted-U shaped relationship between backward participation and income levels, (2) U shaped relationship between forward participation and income level, (3) marginal but significant impacts of maritime and aviation connectivity on GVC participation, (4) significant and different roles of basic and advanced education on the upgrading in GVCs, and (5) the importance of technological intensities in export in sustaining economic growth.

This annual report presents an overview of the development of China's special economic zones in 2021, including reform pilot zones and some new special zones, from the perspective of the overall national development strategic planning. It takes the development status, comparative analysis and policy suggestions of the special zones as the starting point, summarizes and analyzes the transformation problems, carbon production and sustainable development problems, scientific and technological innovation problems, socialsecurity problems, employment service problems, financial system reform problems, cultural industry problems, and puts forward suggestions for development.

This book offers various insights on current hot topics in development economics. The authors address the questions of gender effects, leapfrogging, the factors determining the production frontiers of countries, and the respective roles of financial, monetary and fiscal policies in fostering the development of countries. They also question one of the strategies utilized by policy makers in poor countries: development through trade and financial globalization.

There is a significant discrepancy between the population of Egypt and the GDP of this country. This book offers pragmatic policy prescriptions for Egyptian decision-makers. It provides a path forward and toward a better future for the Egyptian people. The country faces challenges with household income, social welfare, productivity, and many other markers of twenty-first century economic success even vis-à-vis other developing country peers.This book focuses on framing the optimal macroeconomic policy agenda for Egypt in the face of the big global, regional and national forces that are being accelerated, intensified or changed by the COVID-19 crisis rather than on specific sectoral policy formulations. The authors present these big questions in the context of showing how Egypt can best navigate the risks and seize the opportunities of the current period of intense flux and transition, to put itself in the best possible position to create prosperity, stability, and hope for its citizens. The authors examine to what extent the Egyptian authorities can fulfill their ambitious development plans and in producing this work, to provide useful lessons that can be applied to other governments struggling to respond to the challenges of the age.

This open access book presents the evolution of the Spanish economy over the past seven centuries since the end of the Reconquest and examines how much economic progress has Spain achieved, as well as its impact on living standards and income distribution over the very long run. It shows that preindustrial Spain was far from stagnant, although levels of output per head in the early nineteenth century were not much different from those on the eve of the Black Death (1348). It further discusses how phases of simultaneous per capita output and population expansion and shrinkage alternated, lending support to the recurring growth and frontier economy hypotheses. While a collapse in the 1570s gave way to sluggish growth and higher inequality after a long phase of sustained growth and lower inequality, the book shows how real per capita income has improved substantially over the last two centuries, driven by increased labor productivity, and derived from more intense andefficient use of physical and human capital per worker. Presenting exposure to international competition as a stimulus for this development, the book sheds light on the underperformance of Spain up to 1950 in a European comparison and describes the catch-up of Spain's economy with more advanced countries until 2007. Finally, the book explains how modern economic growth is associated with an increase in the material well-being of its inhabitants, as the most dynamic economic phases of the last century have been associated with an improvement in income distribution, although the relationship between growth and inequality has not been linear. This book is a must-read for students, researchers, and scholars of economics and economic history interested in a better understanding of cliometrics, long-run analyses, economic development, economic growth, as well as the Spanish economy.

This book focuses on the political economy behind innovation in China's new industrial sectors, particularly the effects of policies and government regulation in the absence of the rule of law. In its analysis, the book aims to elucidate the mechanisms that generate innovation from multiple perspectives while utilizing insights from political science and law. The analysis in this book focuses on the following three points. First, by examining Guizhou Province's Big-data industry promotion policy,'import substitution digitization'policy, and government intellectual property strategy, we seek to empirically clarify the extent to which Chinese government industrial policy has stimulated innovation. Next, we examine in detail the issues surrounding the'rule of law'in China regarding introducing anti-monopoly laws for digital platform companies and developing the intellectual property court system. Third, it focuses on the role played by local governments in industrial policy, including the impact of industrial guidance funds on the efficiency of the regional financial sector and the impact of local bond issuance on the effectiveness of resource allocation among regions.

This book aims to reveal the dynamic mechanism of China's economic system innovation. It measures the efficiency of China's economic growth under the New Normal with the tools of DEA, SFA, and PCA. The book analyzes the contribution of capital, labor, and productivity to China's economic growth by Solow residual value method and the power source of China's economic development under the New Normal. In this book, it adopts the vertical integration of logical thinking, combined with the horizontal diversification of topics, to show a brand-new research method.

This book provides unique insight into economic development within the ASEAN region and its recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. With a particular focus on Indonesia, it highlights the historic importance of manufacturing within the region and how the sector remains vital, despite the Asian financial crisis, and central to sustainable and inclusive economic growth. The growing influence of digital technologies, including remote work, online services, and digital marketplaces, are highlighted, particularly in relation to economic mitigation and recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Broader issues, such as FDI, human development, regional integration, R&D spillovers, labour productivity, and bilateral trade, are also discussed.This book highlights how ASEAN economies can be strengthened by innovation, trade, and increased productivity. It will be relevant to students and researchers interested in development and international economics.

This book explores the global technological transformations that have shaped development of society for eons, from the emergence of Homo sapiens to the modern day. Looking at a potential future for all of this century and the beginning of the next, the book explores how society is changing as a result of the two most powerful trends: technological advances and global aging. It studies the forthcoming technological wave – the Cybernetic Revolution, which will encompass AI, medical technology and biotechnology, robotics, cognitive, nanotechnology etc. In turn, it shows why and how global aging will become one of the most powerful factors, influencing the evolution of society and the World System as a whole. Lastly, the book demonstrates how technological innovations can change the way people live and the society of the future, assessing both the new opportunities and threats posed by uncontrolled technological progress. Accordingly, it will appeal to social scientists, political scientists, economists and historians who are interested in technological transformations and their social and economic impacts.

This volume examines the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor market and the business environment in the European Union (EU), with a specific focus on Romania, the least developed country in the EU. The book emphasizes the need to rethink recovery models and suggests a new normal based on the pillars of economic, climatic, and social resilience. Is proposed the redefinition the policies'mix that will allow fundamental changes in development, focused also on social and societal profit, the redefinition of productivity and environmental performance of businesses, and the rebalancing of work and leisure life. The COVID-19 crisis not only accelerated the digital transformation of society but also reconfigured the coordinates of economic development by prioritizing sustainable development for all, based on green jobs as a starting point for business innovation and decent jobs for active social protection. Following this approach, the contributions discuss selected issues with importance to the development of society in the post-pandemic world. The book is of interest to students, scholars and researchers in economics, business, management and political science, as well as to policy makers and practitioners, for a better understanding of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor market and the business environment in European Union.

A vivid account of the past, present, and future of economic growth, showing how and why we must continue to pursue it while responding to the challenges it creates.Over the past two centuries, economic growth has freed billions from the struggle for subsistence and made our lives far healthier and longer. Yet prosperity has come at a price: environmental destruction, desolation of local cultures, the rise of vast inequalities and destabilizing technologies. Faced with such damage, many now claim that the only way forward is through “degrowth,” deliberately shrinking our economic footprint. But to abandon humanity's progress would be folly. Instead, Daniel Susskind argues, we must keep growth but redirect it, making it better reflect what we truly value.In a sweeping analysis full of historical insight, Susskind shows how policymaking came to revolve around a single-minded quest for greater GDP. This is a surprisingly recent development: economic growth was barely discussed until the second half of the twentieth century. And our understanding of what drives it is more recent still. Only lately have we come to see how humankind emerged from its millennia of stagnation: through the sustained discovery of powerful and productive new ideas.This insight undermines the mantra that “we cannot have infinite growth on a finite planet,” for the world of ideas is infinitely vast. Yet growth's critics are right to insist that we can no longer focus on its upsides alone. We must confront the tradeoffs, Susskind contends: sometimes, societies will have to deliberately pursue less growth for the sake of other goals. These will be moral decisions, not simply economic ones, demanding the engagement not just of politicians and experts but of all citizens.

The living standards and scale of development around the world are vastly unequal. One notable observation is that much of the poverty-stricken area is located between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. By contrast, affluent nations are situated in more temperate zones. Such a phenomenon gives weight to the geography hypothesis that seeks to explain the occurrence of global economic inequality, by placing an emphasis on the importance of natural elements such as location and climate in determining the economic conditions of a nation. This book concentrates exclusively and in depth on the key economic phenomena and factors which shape tropical economies today.It examines contemporary economic problems confronting the tropical countries and provides policy recommendations that align with the United Nations'Sustainable Development Goals set in the 2030 Agenda. It contains research works and case studies of tropical economies that are related to the area of development and environment economics. The book's themes range from economic growth, poverty reduction, income inequality, economic globalization, international trade, capital flow, financial development, and institutional development to environmental sustainability within the Tropics. Recognizing the dynamism and diversity of the tropics, the book encompasses empirical and policy analyses that address the key economic issues and challenges in the region so as to provide an important platform from which new policymaking initiatives can flourish.This book will draw readership primarily from the fields of economics and public policy, particularly under the subject areas of development and environment economics, as well as discussions in the sustainability policy space.