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Joseph Stiglitz is one of the world's greatest economists. He has made fundamental contributions to economic theory in areas such as inequality, the implications of imperfect and asymmetric information, and competition, and he has been a major figure in policy making, a leading public intellectual, and a remarkably influential teacher and mentor. This collection of essays influenced by Stiglitz's work celebrates his career as a scholar and teacher and his aspiration to put economic knowledge in the service of creating a fairer world.Toward a Just Society brings together a range of essays whose breadth reflects how Stiglitz has shaped modern economics. The contributions to this volume, all penned by high-profile authors who have been guided by or collaborated with Stiglitz over the last five decades, span microeconomics, macroeconomics, inequality, development, law and economics, and public policy. Touching on many of the central debates and discoveries of the field and providing insights on the directions that academic economics could take in the future, Toward a Just Society is an extraordinary celebration of the many paths Stiglitz has opened for economics, politics, and public life.

First published in 1998, this books considers defining the concept of poverty as a collective issue through an empitrical view point on an international scale. Looking to define ‘poverty'by compiling case studies by academics writing from viewpoints in a variety of individual countries.

The Creation of Wealth and Poverty is a study of the means and ways by which wealth and poverty are created in both developed and developing countries. It puts a particular emphasis on the role played by economic policy in shaping the stratification of modern societies through specific programmes dealing with issues of job creation, poverty and environmental degradation. This book is concerned with the social effects of the ongoing crisis in finance, development and the environment. By focusing on the political, legal and financial institutions that govern society and the economy, the book provides an analysis of wealth and poverty from a historical perspective. It shows how economic and social policies of the neoliberal model have led to a rise in unemployment, poverty and inequality and, therefore, made societies more polarized.This volume will be of great interest to policymakers, academics and students who study political economy, development economics and macroeconomics.

Consommation et pauvreté. Deux mots a priori antinomiques mais qui ne cessent d'être liés au gré des représentations, des discours et même des préjugés à propos des personnes pauvres. Deux mots de plus en plus liés aussi dans le champ du marketing qui se saisit progressivement des problèmes de consommation de ces individus, non sans quelques difficultés. Cet ouvrage collectif se propose de faire de la consommation un véritable objet d'étude dans le champ de la pauvreté – et réciproquement. L'ouvrage est structuré en trois parties. La première est consacrée aux ancrages théoriques des travaux sur la pauvreté, la consommation et le marché. La deuxième partie, en se basant sur de nombreuses données empiriques, relate la difficulté des expériences de consommation des personnes pauvres au quotidien et explore les mécanismes de gestion qui en découlent. La dernière partie porte sur les leviers d'action pouvant être mis en place afin de construire un marketing plus inclusif. Les chapitres explorent tour à tour les difficultés éthiques que peuvent rencontrer les chercheurs en marketing se saisissant des thématiques de pauvreté. Comme le rappelle Luca M. Visconti dans la préface, les auteurs de cet ouvrage soulignent la nécessité d'un regard pluridisciplinaire adoptant des approches sociologiques et culturelles pour dépasser l'écueil d'une définition purement économique de la pauvreté, invitant à s'intéresser aussi bien aux vécus des consommateurs pauvres qu'aux déterminants de leurs conditions de vie. Les différentes pistes de réflexion qui sont explorées ont pour objectif de sensibiliser les praticiens, étudiants et chercheurs à la question de la pauvreté, et d'encourager des recherches et actions dialogiques dans le futur.

El informe Perspectivas Sociales y del Empleo en el Mundo 2016 muestra que el trabajo decente es un factor primordial en la lucha contra la pobreza. Esta publicación indica que la pobreza ha tendido a disminuir en muchos países emergentes y en desarrollo, mientras que en la mayoría de los países desarrollados la pobreza y la pobreza activa han ido en aumento. Se realiza igualmente un análisis de la función de las políticas. En él se presenta información sobre diversas iniciativas nacionales en distintos ámbitos, tales como las políticas económicas centradas en el empleo, los programas de empleo, el desarrollo empresarial, la protección social y el diálogo social. Finalmente, en el informe también se estudia el papel que desempeñan las normas internacionales del trabajo para reducir la pobreza y la desigualdad.

The Sociology Reference Guide series is designed to provide a solid foundation for the research of various sociological topics.

This journal has been discontinued. Any issues are available to purchase separately.

Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2016 is the first of an annual flagship report that will inform a global audience comprising development practitioners, policy makers, researchers, advocates, and citizens in general with the latest and most accurate estimates on trends in global poverty and shared prosperity. This edition will also document trends in inequality and identify recent country experiences that have been successful in reducing inequalities, provide key lessons from those experiences, and synthesize the rigorous evidence on public policies that can shift inequality in a way that bolsters poverty reduction and shared prosperity in a sustainable manner. Specifically, the report will address the following questions: •What is the latest evidence on the levels and evolution of extreme poverty and shared prosperity? •Which countries and regions have been more successful in terms of progress toward the twin goals and which are lagging behind? •What does the global context of lower economic growth mean for achieving the twin goals? •How can inequality reduction contribute to achieving the twin goals? •What does the evidence show concerning global and between- and within-country inequality trends? •Which interventions and countries have used the most innovative approaches to achieving the twin goals through reductions in inequality? The report will make four main contributions. First, it will present the most recent numbers on poverty, shared prosperity, and inequality. Second, it will stress the importance of inequality reduction in ending poverty and boosting shared prosperity by 2030 in a context of weaker growth. Third, it will highlight the diversity of within-country inequality reduction experiences and will synthesize experiences of successful countries and policies, addressing the roots of inequality without compromising economic growth. In doing so, the report will shatter some myths and sharpen our knowledge of what works in reducing inequalities. Finally, it will also advocate for the need to expand and improve data collection—for example, data availability, comparability, and quality—and rigorous evidence on inequality impacts in order to deliver high-quality poverty and shared prosperity monitoring.

This report shows that decent work is vital to reducing poverty. Poverty has tended to decline in many emerging and developing countries, whereas it has tended to increase in the majority of advanced economies, including in terms of working poverty. The report examines the role that policy can play, particularly with economic policies, employment programmes, enterprise development, social protection and social dialogue. It also discusses the role of international labour standards.

Le rapport Emploi et questions sociales dans le monde 2016 montre que le travail décent est primordial dans la lutte pour réduire la pauvreté. Il indique que la pauvreté a eu tendance à décliner dans de nombreux pays émergents et en développement, alors qu'elle a plutôt augmenté dans la majorité des pays développés, notamment en termes d'incidence de la pauvreté au travail. Le rapport examine le rôle des politiques et présente les initiatives de plusieurs pays en matière de politiques économiques centrées sur l'emploi, de programmes d'emploi, de développement des entreprises, de protection sociale et de dialogue social. Enfin, le rapport évoque également l'importance des normes internationales du travail pour réduire la pauvreté et les inégalités.

Poverty reduction and inequality are undeniably the buzz issues of the millennium. And where else would one go to understand the dynamics and paradoxes they raise for policies other than Africa, the continent historically synonymous with poverty until recently when chants of ‘Africa rising'seem to have replaced mourning for ‘the dark continent'? Humongous resources have been dedicated to policy, research and intervention programmes and projects to reduce poverty and inequality, with Africa and South Asia getting more than their fair shares. But while everyone agrees that something is amiss with the input-output ratio of efforts aimed at poverty reduction, these efforts continue unquestioningly. This book is borne out of the need to question that missing link. It sets out to examine contents, contexts and interventions. The work begins with continent-wide evidence on Africa, examining the rising penury in the midst of abundant endowments and growth. The conclusion that the authors have come to: something is not right with definitions, measurements and policy measures for tackling poverty across the land. Country experiences (Nigeria, Cameroon, Australia and the United States) also agree with the position that poverty reduction seems to raise, indifferent to the broad policy environment within which it thrives. This book shows why poverty may not have been responsive to growth in developing countries in recent years. It examines outcomes of policies and insists that poverty, inequality and reduction strategies need not only be context-specific, but should involve much more than just narrow interventions. If, therefore, you are interested in questioning conventional positions about poverty and inequality, this book is for you.

Are the impoverished victims of circumstance or are they contributing to their situations through their own actions and principles? This perplexing question does not have a simple answer.'Generational Poverty: An Economic Look at the Culture of the Poor'examines both sides of the coin. Written by an economist, the book provides a unique perspective into the study of this emotionally-charged issue. It shows that economic analysis can shed light on some of the roots of persistent poverty and may point to its potential solution. Generational Poverty covers the author's eye-opening experiences with a young man named Jermaine and his family, initiated through the Big Brothers Big Sisters (BBBS) program. As someone who cares for Jermaine and his family, it was nothing short of a surprise to see first-hand some of the obstacles Jermaine's family are creating for themselves, while at the same time battling many of today's social constructs. In the course of the program, the author learned a great deal about Jermaine's life, culture, and the obstacles he faces. This work identifies impediments that Jermaine has experienced as well as common challenges faced in his community. In the words of the author: “Most of my research for this book is devoted to pinpointing these cultural issues and gathering varying opinions for each one. While I do detail each unique perspective, my goal is to align each argument to an economic fundamental. This creates a more consistent diagnosis that does not depend on a personal set of values. My hope is that future economists will continue to study this suffering portion of our population to determine the most effective way to remedy the continuingly increasing problem of poverty.”

The Sociology Reference Guide series is designed to provide a solid foundation for the research of various sociological topics. This volume brings together a collection of topics that provide an introductory survey of the field of sociology and poverty. First, the essays quantify the poverty of global and local sites before reviewing the distinctions between social and cultural theories of poverty. The majority of the essays present a close study of the struggle and challenges experienced by a diverse population that most immediately suffers from the personal and social consequences of poverty.

In Who Needs Jobs?, Lemieux explains how jobs are not the goal of economic life and how creating jobs should not be the goal of public policy. He delves into how income and prosperity are created (businesses producing what consumers demand), proposes solutions to the unemployment problem, and provides readers with the knowledge to navigate the jobs discussions of politicians and economists in America. With his approach, Lemieux takes this controversial and complex topic and makes it understandable, using economic analysis and real world examples.

Earnings Capacity, Poverty, and Inequality describes the development and application of a way to measure economic status that will avoid some mistakes occurring in methods of measurement. The book reviews the concept of earnings capacity through different measures of economic status. The authors discuss the procedures used in estimating family revenue, sources of data, and inherent weaknesses in such measures. They consider the degree to which different groups classified by age, sex, race, or economic status use their earnings capacity. The authors compare income utilization of those who are considered poor using both measures of earning capacity and current income. Then, a common government and academic policy known as the target efficient — the proportion of total benefits allocated to poor families — is discussed. The authors cite two important factors: 1) estimates of target efficiency are affected by how poverty is defined and 2) target efficiency of transfer programs changes when the economic status method is used instead of the income method. The authors also examine the effects of labor market discrimination on the earning differences between two races. The text will prove useful for sociologists, psychologists, economists, and students of political science and population demographics.

A Unified Approach to Measuring Poverty and Inequality: Theory and Practice is an introduction to the theory and practice of measuring poverty and inequality, as well as a user's guide for analyzing income or consumption distribution for any standard household dataset using the World Bank's ADePT software. The approach taken here considers income standards as building blocks for basic measurement, then uses them to construct inequality and poverty measures. This unified approach provides advantages in interpreting and contrasting the measures and in understanding the way measures vary over time and space. Several recent initiatives have lowered the cost of accessing household datasets. The ADePT software enables users to analyze microdata from household surveys and other sources and generate print-ready, standardized tables and charts. It can also be used to simulate the impact of economic shocks, cash transfers and other policy instruments on poverty, and inequality. The software automates analysis, helps minimize human errors, and encourages development of new economic analysis methods. Of interest to teachers and students as well as to policy practitioners, A Unified Approach to Measuring Poverty and Inequality will empower researchers to plumb greater depths in searching for regularity in larger and larger datasets. This book should help to enrich discussion and analysis relating to the World Bank's recent effort toward defining new targets and indicators for promoting work on eradicating poverty and enhancing shared prosperity.

A leading economist and researcher report from the front lines of a revolution in solving the world's most persistent problem. When it comes to global poverty, people are passionate and polarized. At one extreme: We just need to invest more resources. At the other: We've thrown billions down a sinkhole over the last fifty years and accomplished almost nothing. Dean Karlan and Jacob Appel present an entirely new approach that blazes an optimistic and realistic trail between these two extremes. In this book Karlan and Appel combine behavioral economics with worldwide field research. They take readers with them into villages across Africa, India, South America, and the Philippines, where economic theory collides with real life. They show how small changes in banking, insurance, health care, education, and other development initiatives that take into account human irrationality can drastically improve the well-being of poor people everywhere. We in the developed world have found ways to make our own lives profoundly better. We use new tools to spend smarter, save more, eat better, and lead lives more like the ones we imagine. These tools can do the same for the impoverished. Karlan and Appel's research, and those of some close colleagues, show exactly how. In America alone, individual donors contribute over two hundred billion to charity annually, three times as much as corporations, foundations, and bequests combined. This book provides a new way to understand what really works to reduce poverty; in so doing, it reveals how to better invest those billions and begin transforming the well-being of the world.

Global distributive justice is now part of mainstream political debate. It incorporates issues that are now a familiar feature of the political landscape, such as global poverty, trade justice, aid to the developing world and debt cancellation. This is the first textbook to focus exclusively on issues of distributive justice on the global scale. It gives clear and up-to-date accounts of the major theories of global justice and spells out their significance for a series of important political issues, including climate change, international trade, human rights and migration. These issues are brought to life through the use of case studies, which emphasise the connection of theories of justice to contemporary politics, and'Further Issues'sections, which discuss emerging debates or controversies that are likely to command increasing attention in the coming years.

The literature on growth and poverty is voluminous and still evolving. This title distills the most important lessons from developing countries'experience with growth and poverty. It provides a broad understanding of the impact of economic policies on growth and poverty reduction in developing countries. After describing basic economic relationships that summarize the workings and the measurement of the macroeconomy--and after confirming that growth is the most critical factor in alleviating poverty--the book turns to individual policy areas. These include the various roles of government, amo.

This volume contains both theoretical and applied on the concept of equality of opportunity which says that a society should guarantee its members equal access to advantage regardless of their circumstances, while holding them responsible for turning that access into actual advantage by the application of effort. Theoretical papers discuss to what extent some of the measures of inequality of opportunity meet the reward and the compensation principles, a new methodology for evaluating long-term income distributions, the implications of partial observability of individuals'circumstances on the measurement of inequality of opportunity and the advantages of applying segregation indices to study inequality in life chances. The applied work investigates how governments affect inequality of opportunity through the design of their tax and transfer schemes in 15 European countries, the changing role of circumstances for measuring inequality of opportunity in Chile, the existence of a poverty trap in Haiti and its consequences for equality of opportunity, and the correlation between circumstances and effort in the measurement of inequality of opportunity in U.S. during the period 1969-2007.

Global threats can be expected to cause a global environmental crisis and declining living standards for most people. Threats analyzed include poverty, cultural, economic, political and religious fundamentalism, consumption, population increase and degradation of the global ecosystem. Chapters on the United States, China and Zambia illustrate difficulties that high, middle and low income countries face in addressing such threats. The final chapter examines the type of transformational change required just to reduce the rate and magnitude of future decline.

The growth of urban areas and population in middle and low income countries is a continuing trend. Urbanization expands as rural to urban migration offers better income opportunities in cities. This trend is both a source of development opportunities and challenges for the housing sector. On the one hand, housing is a large and growing market, and on the other, massive slums confirm the poor housing conditions in many developing countries. These adverse conditions mirror inadequate housing policies, inefficient or absent property registration, as well as limits to access to housing finance. Provision of affordable housing is therefore an important topic in the fight against poverty. This book focuses on solutions that improve the enabling environment for the poor in accessing housing finance. It explores how to develop and integrate housing finance into a sustainable financial system for developing countries and offers ways in which low-income families can obtain better access to housing finance. This book provides a conceptual framework for housing finance development and addresses practical solutions in the provision of housing finance and compares different approaches.

Globalisierung ist ein Prozess der weder neu noch aufhaltbar ist. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass dieser Prozess schon zur Zeit des Sklavenhandels entstand. Armut ist ein Phänomen, das sich zurzeit immer weiter ausbreitet und in Beziehung zur Globalisierung zu stehen scheint. In diesem Zusammenhang birgt die Globalisierung sowohl Chancen als auch Risiken. Es liegt beim Staat seine Macht einzusetzen, um die Chancen zu nutzen und die Risiken einzugrenzen. Doch gerade für die Menschen in Entwicklungsländern wie Afrika, Südamerika, Ost- und Südasien bleiben oft nur die Risiken. Millionen Menschen verhungern, während die Regierungen sich schamlos bereichern. Die Globalisierung bietet vor allem im Bereich des Handels erhebliche Chancen für eine Armutsreduktion. Es gibt Länder wie Taiwan, Hongkong u.a., die von der wirtschaftlichen Integration profitiert haben und große Wachstumsraten für sich erzielen konnten. Auf der anderen Seite gibt es Länder wie Nigeria und das frühere Zaire, die über wichtige Ressourcen wie Erdöl und mineralische Bodenschätze verfügten und nicht in der Lage waren, sich entsprechend in den Welthandel zu integrieren. Die wichtigste Bedingung, die den Weg zur Integration öffnet, ist eine aktive Regierung innerhalb der nationalen Gesellschaften. Einige Behauptungen, dass der Markt sowohl nationale als auch globale Probleme lösen könne, treffen nicht zu. Man braucht die Beteiligung einer aktiven Regierung, wenn man die Globalisierungsprozesse effektiv gestalten will.

Does decentralization enhance service delivery and poverty reduction? The expert contributors to this book address this fundamental question faced by policymakers and scholars in developing and advanced countries. The book illustrates that it is equally important for international agencies as well as bilateral donors to provide advice and assistance on decentralization that effectively supports poverty reduction.The volume builds on insights from the recent, political economy developments in the intergovernmental literature reviewed in the Handbook of Fiscal Federalism, and presents new empirical evidence on the effects of decentralization in different parts of the world. Policy-oriented papers evaluating the effectiveness of decentralized service delivery are presented. The role of institutions and the importance of sequencing of policies in ensuring effective outcomes are also considered.The volume presents some insightful empirical studies of the decentralization process from Latin America, Eastern Europe, and Africa. With a detailed empirical analysis of effective outcomes of public policies implemented at the sub-national level, and a focus on method, this book will be of great interest to academics specializing in public sector economics and public finance, and to national and international policymakers.

This new book addresses the state of poverty and its effects on education and development. It is organized into two sections: Poverty, socio-economics, poverty and gender. Section one focuses on the state of the lives of the peoples in Africa as a result of poverty. These chapters raise arguments to challenge the status quo as unacceptable. The second section of the book focuses on poverty in relation to gender. It explores how lack of education and inequality of females in the society can impact poverty of the nation in general. These chapters discuss the influential factors of poverty in Asia and Africa, and how it enriches the section by looking into Appalachian single mothers'lived experiences from the South-eastern portion of the US. Finally, this section is enriched by looking into effects of globalization on females. It argues that despite the much acclaimed pluses of globalization there is a downside to it that impacts females negatively.

Current Affairs, Politics

Armut wird meist anhand des Einkommens gemessen. Diese Praxis wird seit längerem kritisiert. Zum einen besteht die Forderung nach einem multidimensionalen Konzept von Armut und zum anderen die nach einem ethischen Fundament. Der Lebenslage-Ansatz und der Capability-Ansatz versuchen beides zu leisten, indem sie Armut multidimensional konzipieren und als eingeschränkte Handlungsfreiheit verstehen. Die Ähnlichkeit der Ansätze scheint offensichtlich, doch eine Untersuchung darüber, wie weit die Ähnlichkeit geht, liegt erstmals mit dieser Arbeit vor. Da beide Ansätze in der (inter)nationalen Armutsberichterstattung eingesetzt werden, liegt besonderes Augenmerk darauf, welche Konzepte sie für die Erfassung von Armut entwickeln. Eine Einführung in die gängige Theorie zur Erfassung von Armut bildet die Grundlage der Studie. Im Hauptteil werden die zu vergleichenden Ansätze je für sich dargestellt: Der Lebenslage-Ansatz geht auf Otto Neurath zurück, Kurt Grelling hat ihn aufgenommen und neu interpretiert. Gerhard Weisser hat ihn als sozialpolitischen Ansatz bekannt gemacht. Erstmals wird mit dieser Arbeit der Einfluss von Grelling nachgezeichnet. Der Capability-Ansatz wurde von Amartya Sen entwickelt. Martha Nussbaum gilt als zweite wichtige Vertreterin des Ansatzes, weicht aber in einigen Punkten von Sens Version ab. Der Vergleich beider Ansätze bestätigt die behauptete Ähnlichkeit zwischen ihnen und offenbart zugleich Differenzen auch innerhalb der Ansätze. Die Autorin zeigt, dass der deutsche Lebenslage-Ansatz dem international diskutierten Capability-Ansatz verwandt ist, und vertieft das Verständnis beider.

In his Preface to the United Nations World Economic and Social Survey 2006, the United Nations Secretary-General, Kofi Annan, observed:.'Our world is richer than ever before, but it is also marked by enormous inequalities, both within and between countries. The average annual income of someone living in the world's richest country, Luxembourg, is more than one hundred times larger than that of the average citizen of Sierra Leone, one of the world's poorest. Such big differences in living standards should be a matter of great concern, because they reflect serious inequalities in life oppo

This volume consists of a number of papers related to the theme of the dynamics of inequality and poverty. These are subdivided into four separate parts. The five chapters in Part I of this volume are concerned with inequality and poverty over extended time periods. Bandyopadhyay and Cowell deal with the concept of vulnerability in the context of income mobility of the poor. Biewen studies the extent and the composition of chronic poverty in Germany, comparing the results with the United Kingdom and the United States. Van de Ven describes a dynamic microsimulation model of cohort labour earnings based on the Australian population aged between 20 and 55 years, and considers how the widening social gap between the Australia and the UK is reflected by their redistributive systems, through the use of static and dynamic microsimulation. Kelly analyses the lifetime distribution of net worth in Australia using a dynamic microsimulation model to project the cross-sectional and lifetime asset holdings of a 5-year birth cohort over a period of 40 years. In Part II, the issue of intergenerational transfers of poverty is considered. Corak compares generational earnings mobility and the reasons for the degree to which the long run labour market success of children is related to that of their parents across countries. He provides a framework for understanding the underlying causal process as well as the conception of equality of opportunity, as a guide for public policy. Grawe uses data from the British National Childhood Development Study to examine the quality-quantity trade-off in fertility in multiple measures of child achievement. Maani examines the link between parental income and other resources during adolescent years, and higher education choices of the offspring at age 18, using a recent longitudinal data set from New Zealand. Part III is concerned with inequality over time. First, Wolff examines US inequality since the late 1940s, investigating the role of computer investment, dispersion of schooling and unionisation rate in the rise in inequality between 1968 and 2000. Second, Chotikapanich and Griffiths consider the question of testing for dominance in income distributions through the development of Bayesian methods of inference, which report on changes in income distributions in terms of the posterior probabilities. This allows an assessment of whether income distributions have changed over time. The final part of this volume is concerned with measurement issues. Makdissi and Wodon propose a measure of extreme poverty which is multidimensional in nature. It recognises the fact that there are interaction effects between different deprivations and that the length of time during which deprivations are felt may have a negative impact on household well-being. In the final contribution, Cowell examines Theil's approach to the measurement of inequality in the context of subsequent developments over recent decades. It focuses on the dynamics of inequality and poverty. It examines inequality and poverty over time, the intergenerational transfer of poverty, inequality over time, and measurement issues. The chapters discuss inequality and poverty in developed countries around the world, providing a multinational perspective.

Honoring Keith Griffin's more than 40 years of fundamental contributions to the discipline of economics, the papers in this volume reflect his deep commitment to advancing the well-being of the world's poor majority and his unflinching willingness to question conventional wisdom as to how this should be done. Four overarching themes recur in Keith Griffin's work and this book: the need to both eradicate poverty and redress inequalities in the distribution of wealth within and among nations; the impact of growth on inequality, and conversely inequality's impact on growth; the political economy of policy-making; and the need for openness to heterogeneity in both analytic tools and in policy recommendations. The volume begins with an introduction by the editors followed by a paper by Keith Griffin. In succeeding chapters the contributors explore strategies for reducing poverty and inequality, and provide perspectives on issues such as human development, the rural/urban divide in China, and biodiversity and sustainability. Students, researchers, policymakers and NGO analysts exploring issues in development economics, development studies, alternative economic systems, globalization, environmental sustainability, inequality and well-being will find this book of great interest.

Description based on print version record.

Development is about fundamental change in economic structures, about the movement of resources out of agriculture to services and industry, about migration to cities and international movement of labor, and about transformation in trade and technology. Social inclusion and change-change in health and life expectancy, in education and literacy, in population size and structure, and in gender relations-are at the heart of the story. The policy challenge is to help release and guide these forces of change and inclusion. But how can policymakers assess whether what they have done, or what they are doing, is right? Since the 1970s public economics has placed the serious analysis of growth at the center of its agenda. It has shown how to integrate growth and distribution - in simple terms, the size of the cake, and the distribution of the cake-rigorously into the discussion of public policy, both theoretically and empirically.

This book explores the issue of gender inequality through the lens of the Millennium Development Goals, particularly the first one of halving world poverty by 2015.

World poverty is an important book offering fresh insights into how to tackle poverty worldwide. With contributions from leading scholars in the field both internationally and in the UK, the book asks whether existing international and national policies are likely to succeed in reducing poverty across the world. It concludes that they are not and that a radically different international strategy is needed. This book is a companion volume to Breadline Europe: The measurement of poverty (The Policy Press, 2001). The focus of World poverty is on anti-poverty policies rather than the scale, causes and measurement of poverty. A wide range of countries is discussed including countries such as China and India, which have rarely been covered elsewhere. The interests of the industrialised and developing world are given equal attention and are analysed together. Policies intended to operate at different levels - international, regional, national and sub-national - ranging from the policies of international agencies like the UN and the World Bank through to national governments, groups of governments and local and city authorities - are examined. Key aspects of social policy, like'targeting'and means-testing, de-regulation and privatisation, are considered in detail. World poverty will become a definitive point of reference for anyone working, studying or researching in the poverty field. Studies in poverty, inequality and social exclusion series Series Editor: David Gordon, Director, Townsend Centre for International Poverty Research. Poverty, inequality and social exclusion remain the most fundamental problems that humanity faces in the 21st century. This exciting series, published in association with the Townsend Centre for International Poverty Research at the University of Bristol, aims to make cutting-edge poverty related research more widely available. For other titles in this series, please follow the series link from the main catalogue page.

'December 2000.'

What is inequality? In the late 1990s there was an explosion of interest in the subject that yielded a substantial body of formal tools and results for income-distribution analysis. Nearly all of this is founded on a small set of core assumptions - such as the Principle of Transfers, scale independence, the population principle∑ - that are used to give meaning to specific concepts of inequality measurement, inequality ranking and, indeed, to inequality itself. But does the standard axiomatic structure coincide with public perceptions of inequality? Or is the economist's concept of inequality a thing apart, perpetuated through serial brainwashing in the way the subject is studied and taught? In this 1999 book, Amiel and Cowell examine the evidence from a large international questionnaire experiment using student respondents. Along with basic'cake-sharing'issues, related questions involving social-welfare rankings, the relationship between inequality and overall income growth and the meaning of poverty comparisons are considered.

Title from ebook title screen (viewed on Jan. 25, 2007).

Title from eBook title screen (viewed Jan. 29, 2007).

This volume assembles the major papers discussed at an international workshop on poverty monitoring to evaluate poverty indicators and poverty monitoring systems. It aims to focus more attention on poverty issues and improve policies for alleviating poverty.