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This book is a practical guide on how to write conceptual papers and use conceptual generalization as a research methodology. Divided into two parts, the book first focuses on the scientific foundation for conceptual generalization, to identify what is a conceptual model and how conceptual models can be developed. Part two focuses on how to write a winning conceptual thesis, covering conceptual generalisation and empirical generalisation, and discusses research problems and questions, and how to analyse them.The authors cover different conceptual and analytical models to offer students a multitude of tools to visualize, interpret and uncover relationships and patterns. For example, they explore the thought experiment, analytical models, empirical causal models, analytical forms and data mining models, and outline a strategy for developing conceptual models to assist with students who wish to design their own conceptual paper. Students gain a clear understanding of the driving forces in the research process, how to define a research problem, how to analysis the problem and develop research strategies. Moving from concepts to hypotheses, the book also covers the main types of errors that may be encountered as students learn about understanding the development of models and how to develop a theory.Also including a checklist for students, and a list of definitions and concepts, this is the ideal resource for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students, and researchers, in the social sciences.

This publication is a very significant cooperative effort of the Department of Audiovisual Instruction and the National Society for Programmed Instruction. It is, we believe, a harbinger of future joint activities between our two organizations whose purposes converge in the field of programmed learning.

This book brings together a series of papers on education in rural Zimbabwe. It is informed throughout by the generative theory of rurality, which sees rural communities as the most significant agents in solving the challenges they face. Against this theoretical backdrop, the 13 chapters challenge policy makers, researchers and educators to confront the problem of poor academic performance among learners in rural learning ecologies. The book demonstrates that rural communities, in Zimbabwe and elsewhere, can improve their educational outcomes through community-led action, involving traditional leadership and other stakeholders. The key message is that communities have the opportunity to become the authors of their own destinies in shaping future educational results.'This book brings together important views on improving learning in rural ecologies. The arguments brought forward can lead to responsive policies that can greatly benefit rural education.'—Colwasi Mthunzi, Professor of Curriculum Innovations, Solusi University'A book that brings so much hope for rural learners and also encourages the community and parents/guardians to play an active role in the learning of their children.'—Nosizo Shava, Senior Sociology Lecturer, Hillside Teachers College'Well-articulated papers on the ways of reducing inequalities between rural and urban education.'—Shepherd Ndondo, Post-doc fellow in Philosophy of Education, University of Fort Hare

In recent years, there has been a focus on promoting the uptake of STEM subjects in schools. This has been driven by the need to ensure that young people gain the knowledge and skills essential to help them participate in a society in which mathematics, science and technology are increasingly important. Nevertheless, reform efforts, including curriculum development, have treated the STEM subjects mostly in isolation. Recognizing that efforts for education within each individual STEM discipline would encourage a wide range of conservations about different important aspects of teaching and learning, this conference considered the potential benefits and challenges for the integration of various STEM's characteristics into education. In order to prepare students to address the problems of our society, it is necessary to provide them with opportunities to understand these problems through rich, engaging and powerful experiences that integrate the disciplines of STEM. This volume contains selected papers presented at the Hellenic Conferences “Innovating STEM education – HiSTEM 2016 and 2018” organized by the Postgraduate Program “Interdisciplinary Approach on Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics in Education – STEM Education” (stemeducation.upatras.gr). The first eleven papers were presented at the HiSTEM 2016 Conference and the last six papers at the HiSTEM 2018 Conference. These papers were selected after a peer review process from the conferences'submitted papers. The conferences provided a platform for dissemination of best practices in teaching and learning STEM in Greece and also inspired and empowered STEM educators to improve teaching quality, to increase engagement in STEM education and career pathways, to connect students with real life industry relevancy and to drive creativity, inquiry-based learning, problem-solving and project-based learning.

Winner of the 2022 Textbook Excellence Award from the Textbook & Academic Authors Association (TAA) This clear and concise book demystifies the process of writing in APA style and format. Fully updated with content from the Seventh Edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, An EasyGuide to APA Style, Fourth Edition identifies common APA style and formatting mistakes, how to avoid them, and helps students become better writers and communicators of psychological science. Written in a conversational style to make the task of learning how to write more enjoyable, this guide helps students navigate the maze of rules in the APA Publication Manual and become proficient in learning the fine points of APA style. Providing detailed examples and complete sample student papers that conform to APA format, the authors illustrate not only how to write using APA style, but also what writing in APA style really looks like when papers are complete.

All papers of this edition give an opportunity for reflection on the chances, challenges and difficulties associated with the long-term transformation of higher education and scientific activities. Therefore, the concept of “scientific excellence” has been perceived as a guiding idea in the academics'efforts. On the other hand, it seems to be an ideal that can never be achieved but towards which one ought to strive persistently. Furthermore, the pursuit of excellence is accompanied by contradictions which have been pointed out many times in the history of academia in Poland. This publishing series embodies the belief in the existence of the so-called invisible college, i.e., the research community, exemplified by young scientists starting their academic path inspired by recognized professors.

This volume expands the discussion on the language management (LM) framework through two themes: interests and power, which are driving forces of the LM process, observable and describable at every step. It consists of thirteen contributions analyzing diverse situations in Europe, Asia, and Africa. Authors focus on a range of topics, including the role of language ideologies in various types of institutions, such as higher education institutions and language cultivation centers, the struggle to maintain minority languages, the positions of the actors involved in the process of making policies concerning foreign language teaching, or the processes that learning and choosing to use foreign languages entail. Emergent insights into the commonalities in the ways in which interests and power guide or underlie the management of language, communication, and sociocultural problems contribute significantly to the strength of LM as a sociolinguistic framework.

In this short paper Paula Eleta explores the theme of the value of the puppet in the pedagogical field, mainly in early childhood (0-6 years), as an effective tool to improve the quality of the educational service through play. Under the direction of the educator, the puppet can become an excellent ”assistant” to build new educational contexts, able to offer all those who live in the services different accesses to a common and shared space. The puppet can help to found a more inclusive ”school”, giving voice and listening to the past, experiences, knowledge and skills of the various actors involved: children (first of all), families, educators, pedagogical coordinators and other subjects of their own territory. ”The puppet as an educational tool value” is a written text in an accessible and immediate form. Furthermore, the topics covered have been elaborated on the basis of the author's long experience in the field. The content is therefore full of concrete and enlightening examples and, among the many proposed activities to be carried out, there is an easy and quick technique to build puppet characters: an activity that can be performed, at the various educational services, both together with families and children (with the support of adults).

Intended to help readers succeed in academia by increasing their scholarly productivity, this book provides strategies for getting articles published quickly in reputable research journals. Rather than focusing on the basics of writing about results, this unique guidebook provides tips on how to approach research, maintain motivation, maximize productivity, and overcome common pitfalls so as to become productive scholars. The strategies reviewed will help readers successfully navigate through graduate school, get a good job, receive grants and promotions, and make important contributions to their field. Written in a breezy style, this book offers case studies, examples, and personal experiences that illustrate the themes of the chapters. Introductions and summaries and key points help to highlight the most critical concepts reviewed in each chapter. Chapter exercises encourage self-reflection and/or the application of the strategies introduced in that chapter. Self-assessment questions in Appendix A help readers pinpoint their strengths and weaknesses.A tracking chart, referred to throughout, provides an effective way to follow the progress of several manuscripts that are at different stages. An interactive version of the chart is available at www.pepstrategies.com along with the time diary and the chapter and self assessment exercises. Although a young scholar, Nathaniel Lambert has an impressive track record. He already has over 50 papers published in research journals. This book reviews winning strategies practiced by the author and additional insights based on conversations with top producing scholars. By diligently applying this book's core strategies, you too can publish and prosper! Part 1 describes issues related to prioritizing one's research such as the importance of selecting the right topic and how to use goals and deadlines to enhance motivation. Tips for enhancing efficiency are provided in Part 2 including how to improve writing efficiency, juggle several projects simultaneously, reduce wasting time, and select the best collaborators. Part 3 explores productivity pitfalls and how to avoid them. Tips on how to avoid burnout and distractions and handle rejection are explored. Part 4 provides unique tips to apply at various stages of one's academic career: undergraduate, graduate, and professional. Practical appendices provide an opportunity to determine one's strengths and weaknesses keep track of projects, and expand one's knowledge using the recommended reading list.Intended as a reference for students who are planning to attend graduate school and/or pursue an academic career, this book is ideal for professional development and/or research methods courses taught in the behavioral, social, health, and life sciences and for researchers and professionals looking to increase their publication productivity.

Im Fokus des Sammelbandes stehen Studienfachangebote für Deutsch als Zweitsprache (DaZ) für (angehende) Lehrer:innen in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. Dabei verfolgt die Publikation zwei Ziele: Erstens ist sie als klares Plädoyer für die Notwendigkeit der Professionalisierung in diesem Bereich zu lesen. Die Beiträge des Bandes zeigen, dass dem Fach DaZ und dessen Wissenschaftlichkeit (hochschul-)politisch keine ausreichende Bedeutung zukommt. Deutlich wird das z.B. daran, dass lediglich für acht Länder der Bundesrepublik Deutschland genuine Studienfachoptionen ermittelt werden konnten und dass DaZ in Österreich und der Schweiz vornehmlich postgradual Gegenstand der Qualifizierung von Lehrkräften ist. Zweitens dient der Band dazu, die Bandbreite an Studienfachmöglichkeiten im Fach aufzuzeigen und zu diskutieren. Hierzu bieten zehn Beiträge differenzierte Einblicke in die DaZ-Studienfachmöglichkeiten für Lehramtsstudierende an einem Standort bzw. in einer Region; ein weiterer Beitrag stellt die Studienfachlandschaft für (angehende) Lehrer:innen im Fach DaZ in Deutschland vergleichend dar.

«A fascinating, well-paced, beautifully written memoir.» (Professor Sarah Moore Fitzgerald, Author and Director, MA in Creative Writing, University of Limerick, Ireland) «A wonderfully honest, often witty, personal account from someone who experienced discrimination -and challenged it - at every level of academia. So much of what has changed for women in recent decades is chronicled through Pat's life, research and actions. A tour de force.» (Micheline Sheehy Skeffington, plant ecologist and feminist activist) «This book evokes the lived experience of a woman who, out of her time, marshalled the brains, the courage and--I have to say it--the sheer bloody-minded and tireless determination to confront others with one question: ‘why?'. Asking the question came at no small personal cost, but--slowly and surely--it started to prise open some of the seemingly impenetrable male-centric power edifices that exist across academia; openings which now give so many others hope. Don't be afraid of reading this book about the lifetime of someone who asked why, it may just inspire you to do the same.» (Paul Walton, Professor of Chemistry, University of York, UK and international gender equality advocate) This book, written by an insider, explores experiences over a 46-year career in five academic organisations in Ireland and the UK: moving from contract research assistant to full professor and line manager (Dean). Highlighting success and failure, strength and fragility, it challenges ideas about what it is to be a ‘proper'woman. It describes the subtle and relentless processes of devaluation, marginalisation and disempowerment that are often ‘normalised.'Written in a clear accessible style, with flashes of humour, it asks whose interests are served by taken-for-granted ideas about what it is to be a woman – ideas which deny the reality of many women's day-to-day experiences. Who wants us to think that all women find identity and satisfaction in housework and child care? Who wants us to think that universities are meritocratic institutions? The book will inspire and entertain all those who have struggled in any male-dominated organisation and wondered if they were the problem.

«This book is a fascinating addition to the literature on school leadership. It is based on the real-life experience of a long-serving school principal and is a must-read for prospective and serving school leaders and academics everywhere.» (Áine Hyland, Emeritus Professor of Education, UCC) «The author has used his detailed and intricate knowledge of research on school leadership together with his experiences as a long-serving principal to provide us with a comprehensive, illuminating and very readable account of the role and its many challenges. This book is essential reading for current and aspiring school leaders.» (Judith Harford, Professor of Education, UCD) Books on school leadership are usually written from a theoretical viewpoint. The insights that emerge, whilst very valuable, are based on an imaginary school, devoid of distinctive human agency, and located in a context-free setting. However, in the real world leadership is not enacted in a vacuum. This study is set in a school where the author served as principal. He describes the impact of various contextual factors, including policy developments at national level since the 1980s, that had an important effect on a principal's role and the nature of provision. In the history of Irish education, a book of this nature has never before been written from the perspective of a principal. The author analyses the various theories on leadership, and describes the practice that he and his colleagues devised and implemented in a real life setting. Finally, he explores the thinking of various scholars in an attempt to identify the core elements that are essential for successful principalship.

This accessible book offers a detailed guide to a wide range of methodological concepts, both those of a philosophical kind and those that are more technical in character: from constructionism to critical realism, grounded theory to regression analysis, odds ratios to triangulation.It covers quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research. There are shorter entries for relatively straightforward terms and longer entries for terms that are more complex or carry more than one meaning. The book includes basic terms – such as data, empirical, fact, meaning, theory, and truth – as well as those that highlight major contemporary trends in the field, such as arts-based research, indigenous methodologies, and decolonisation. It is therefore relevant to many methodological issues and controversies taught in social science degree programmes today.Providing clear definitions for a wide range of methodological concepts from across the social sciences, this is an essential resource for all who have an interest in social research methodology.

Since the first English translation of Paulo Freire's Pedagogy of the Oppressed (1970), critical breakthroughs in education have been diffcult to establish and flourish. In turn, dismantling and rebuilding these systems are not a destination, but a dialectical practice negotiated across time and space to continually challenge the hegemony that aims to increase the vulnerability of those already at risk of violence. But just as these ideologies have invaded so many of our social environments, we must disrupt these systems with our own counter-narration to expose the contradictions that sustain epistemological obedience and education that limits the possibilities for further change in society. In this book, I am honored to bring together unresolved cases as scholars strive to overthrow oppressive hegemonies that place the individual above the communal good if favor of profit-based machinations. Ultimately, this edited book seeks to challenge the dichotomy between what we mean by individual and community in educational practice and research to illustrate how scholars can create more nuanced and relational ways of understanding justice, paving the way for hitherto unknown critical research in education, grounded in new visions of the future for schools exploring the radical possibility of ‘what if.''In this beautifully curated edited collection, scholars-activists-thinkers-dreamers share research, stories, and personal journeys of education and beyond. Engaging thoughtfully and generatively with complex topics such as migration, disability, racism, feminism, Blackness, settler-colonialism, relationality, memory, and imperialism, authors in this volume offer diverse lines of flight from oppressive and marginalizing structures, toward creative and liberatory possibilities for healing, teaching, learning, and being/becoming. Their powerful contributions together form a critical imaginary that will undoubtedly inspire educators, researchers, and activists alike.'—Sara Tolbert, Te Whare Wananga University of Canterbury, Aotearoa New Zealand'The creative energy and dazzling insights generated throughout the chapters of this book mark a new critical/liminal portal for educators that provide multiple entryways through which to navigate the politics of identity (as opposed to identity politics) and to grasp the biopolitical embeddedness of the carceral settler state in our everyday psyche while at the same time providing innovative ways to effect its diminution—and eventual disappearance—without resorting to compulsory use of the master's tools. This is an important and formidable work of scholarship, poetry and self-reflection animated by the power of the collective. A must-read book.'—Peter McLaren, Distinguished Professor in Critical Studies, Co-Director and International Ambassador for Global Ethics and Social Justice, The Paulo Freire Democratic Project, Chapman University

Teachers possess a wealth of untapped wisdom and valuable experience. Be it educational policy, curriculum development or textbook selection, rare are the instances when teachers'views are solicited. Traditionally, teacher development has been driven by administrators of schools, and it often takes the form of a ‘mentor'teaching the staff of a school. But what happens when teachers across different locations collaborate and learn together? This volume documents such an initiative, sparked off by the Covid-19 pandemic, which brought people together online. It showcases the power of teachers debating, discussing and learning from each other. Based on an Indian experience, this book addresses a range of issues that teachers and educators across the world face– encompassing pedagogy, classroom management, school culture and teacher development. A unique story of community building and teacher education, this book also contains key outcomes and insights, while taking us through their action research projects. It showcases a model of teacher development that can be adopted by interested readers anywhere in the world. Above all, it brings out the crying need for a teacher's voice to be heard – for far too long, teachers have been mere implementers of decisions taken by policymakers or managements of schools. By means of networking communities such as the one described in this book, the transformation of teachers going from whispers to resonance is greatly amplified. An important intervention in the domain of teacher development, this volume will be of great interest to students, researchers, educators, teacher educators and sociologists of education. It will also be useful for teacher trainees, academicians, policymakers, schoolteachers, curriculum developers, teacher training institutes and universities offering teacher education programmes.

This edited volume focuses on the changing research methodologies in social science research, prompted by the new social world shaped by the pandemic. It explores adaptations and developments to meet the demands of transforming social circumstances and showcases innovative alternative approaches.Featuring a range of international and interdisciplinary contributors who discuss the context of social science research in the'new normal', the book sets out the need to redesign research to address present-day challenges for the post-pandemic. Chapters share methodological innovations and demonstrate how applicable these new and adapted methodologies are to a world post-pandemic, discussing a wide range of innovative, digital-first research methods with practical analysis. The role of technology and its application in social science research during this transition is explored in particular, alongside new approaches to quantitative and qualitative research that feature innovations in ethnography, online data collection, and ethical protocols for research.Ultimately offering a comprehensive exploration of adaptive and innovative social science research methodologies suited to the current social context, the book will be relevant to researchers, academics, and scholars in the fields of research methods, research technologies, and the sociology of education.

This edited collection brings together theories and lived experiences in teaching and learning Nature through multiple ways of coming to know. Showcasing the experiences and ideas from diverse stakeholders in the field of education, this book includes work from researchers, teacher-educators, teachers, outreach workshop facilitators, and Indigenous youth. Focusing on the importance of relationalities in teaching and learning, this book offers candid accounts and innovative ideas on bringing diverse perspectives into Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) Education.

«In a world where environmental challenges, education and activism converge, this is an important addition to the field of art and early childhood education. It identifies a post qualitative research approach and provides an ethical alternative to the difficult and urgent challenges facing future artist educators and researchers in Ireland today.» (Dr Dervil Jordan, Emeritus Professor of Education, NCAD) «This thought-provoking book is an essential read. Lucy's aesthetic lens offers a fresh perspective for early years professionals'as it reveals the infinite richness of children's learning with materials. It is full of AHA moments on the artfulness of everyday moments, you will think differently about the material world.» (Mary Skillington, Lecturer, Atlantic Technical University, Ireland) This work suggests that art has more to offer education than diverting activities grounded by ideas of human exceptionalism. Posthuman perspectives of everyday playful activity in Early Childhood Education and Care, can offer alternative ways of seeing and understanding nature/culture entanglements. Tuning in to young children's play with materials through a posthuman theoretical lens, can orientate adults'attention toward the innate artfulness of young children's everyday moments of learning and growth. This perspective reveals how such moments of intensity and learning always occur in complex relation with diverse others, human and non-human, natural and technological, living and non-living. This emphasises the undeniably rich, yet easily overlooked, relationship with the material and social complexities of the world, upon which all human learning and growth relies.

Compositions, A Life: An Autoethnography is the story of Judith Summerfield's life, within the varied worlds in which she has lived. Told by a master storyteller who is also a scholar of narrative and a compelling teacher of writing and literature, the book embraces a meta-textual approach. Summerfield focuses on ethnographic elements of language, family, culture, and history, beginning with her childhood in a coal mining town in southwestern Pennsylvania with a story-telling father who survived the Russian Revolution in Ukraine, and an American-born mother who insisted she learn'proper'English usage. She chronicles her education during the feminist, Civil Rights, and cultural revolutions of the last century, and critically self-examines her years of teaching and leadership at The City University of New York. The book includes twenty-five writing prompts, and twenty-plus images to engage reader response by the individual reader, and for introductory writing courses, graduate and professional programs, and in community writing groups.'Judith Summerfield's latest book, Compositions, a Life: An Autoethnography, is a celebration of all the ways a story can be told: through family history both harrowing and mundane, through elegiac portraits of place, through photographs of people living and dead (and recipes in their handwriting), and above all through the act of writing stories into being. It's part folk art, part writing manual, part cultural history. This is a book to read with a pencil in your hand, because Summerfield will inspire her readers to commit their own stories to shimmering life.'—Crystal Benedicks, Ph.D., Department of English, Co-Chair of First-Year Experience, Coordinator of Writing Across the Curriculum, Wabash University'In Compositions, a Life: An Autoethnography, Judith Summerfield weaves together individual and collective history to reflect on the texts, people, places, and institutions that have informed her thoughtful work as a teacher, writer, and higher education administrator. Interspersing personal memoir with engaging writing exercises, Summerfield not only explores the narrative compositions of her life but also asks readers to reflect on stories of their own. Compositions, a Life is a powerful and poignant testament to the ways in which we are all connected and an argument for why we must continue to strive to understand ourselves and others, through storytelling, reading, writing, listening, and community.'—Caroline Hellman, Ph.D., Professor of English/Interim Special Assistant to the President, City Tech, CUNY

Der vorliegende Band bietet einen fundierten Einblick in die Freizeitpädagogik und skizziert mittels ihrer differenzierten Analyse den Entwurf einer systematischen Freizeitpädagogik. Die Autorin präsentiert nicht nur die disziplingeschichtlichen Grundlagen, interdisziplinäre Zugänge und Entwicklungen im Freizeitbereich, sondern zeigt auch Zusammenhänge und vereinnahmende Tendenzen auf.Die Arbeit regt damit dazu an, reflektiert mit der eigenen Freizeit umzugehen. Zugleich wird das Bildungspotenzial von Freizeit deutlich, das eine gesunde Ausbalancierung der unterschiedlichen Bedürfnisse und Funktionen von Freizeit erfordert. Freizeitbildung kann zur Steigerung von Autonomie, persönlichem Wachstum und sinnstiftendem Erleben beitragen. Insbesondere die soziokulturelle Animation stellt einen gesellschaftspolitisch relevanten Ansatz dar, um Integration, ziviles Engagement und Demokratie in der Freizeit erlebbar zu machen und Menschen Hilfe zur Selbsthilfe zu bieten.

Narratives of Qualitative Research uses a novel form of writing about how to do qualitative research called a praxis narrative. Each narrative is told from the author's perspective in carrying out one of his past research studies in the social sciences.Told chronologically and in a first-person voice, the narratives position the reader alongside the narrator so as to vicariously experience how research happens in its situated particulars. Rather than a set of idealizations and universalized pronouncements, the author reveals what really goes on when one is in the thick of complex and challenging research studies, the points of trouble along with the successes. This will be relevant to researchers who have already undertaken one or more empirical research studies (though not necessarily using qualitative approaches) and now find themselves facing something new: a new analytic method, a new theoretical lens, a new form of data collection, a new domain of research questions, a new rhetorical approach. This requires letting go of the secure handholds of prescribed methods and responding to the contingencies that arise in the midst of the research. The reader is invited to follow along as the author makes visible his praxis of qualitative research.Unlike more conventional texts, in this unique alternative, the reader can follow the author's journey through his research studies as a way to reorient their conception of qualitative research and their own praxis of it. This is fascinating reading for qualitative researchers and students taking qualitative research courses, across the social sciences, education, and behavioural sciences.

Reimagining Adult Education as World Building offers a new way of thinking about adult education by re-envisaging how adult education works. It explores how the process of world building, or the invention of a new world or a set of concepts, can be translated into actual and feasible action when turning towards complex, real-life problems.Cultivating contexts where adult educators can become change agents, who recognize that the individual and community are intricately entangled, demands that educators grow new capacities, make new tools, develop thicker networks, and cultivate intentional links amongst each other to foster ecologies of transformation. This book shows how educators can create an ecology or environment for transformative thinking where students can learn to collaborate and use world building tools to create new responses to current issues. It begins by explaining the philosophical underpinnings of world building and the tools that translate pragmatic imagination into scaffolds for individual and collective capacity building. It also illustrates how the worldbuilding protocol makes a difference in adult learning and how this pedagogical tool introduces the ecological approach to adult education. Each chapter explores a practical case study, showing how learners have applied worldbuilding tools to complex challenges.Showing how to apply the world building protocol in a classroom setting, this edited collection will be valuable to Adult Education scholars, researchers, practitioners, and learning facilitators.

Bringing together a unique collection of 18 insightful and innovative internationally focused articles, Educational Research Practice in Southern Contexts offers reflections, case studies, and critically, research methods and processes which decentre, reframe, and reimagine conventional educational research strategies and operationalise the tenets of decolonising theory.This anthology represents a valuable teaching resource. It provides readers with the chance to read high-quality examples of research that critique current ways of doing research and to reflect on how research methods can contribute to the project of decolonising knowledge production in and about education in, for example, Africa, South Asia, Asia, and Latin America. It grapples with everyday dilemmas and tricky ethical questions about protection, consent, voice, cultural sensitivity, and validation, by engaging with real-world situations and increasing the potential for innovation and new collaborations.Educational Research Practice in Southern Contexts will be essential reading for anyone teaching educational research methods and will encourage novice and experienced researchers to rethink their research approaches, disentangle the local and global, and challenge those research rituals, codes, and fieldwork practices which are often unproblematically assumed to be universally relevant.

How can pupils and students learn to interact with others? How can they interact with others to learn? How do teachers organize the various forms of interaction in a discursive dynamic within their classrooms? The different ways in which social and cultural psychology views explore school have consolidated a new image of learning processes. However, social interactions in the classroom need to be constantly re-examined and rethought. Tothis end, the contributions of this book exploit, innovates and study the multiple interactions in theclassroom and the conditions that can favor teaching and learning processes. By linking psychology, educational sciences and learning models, this book contributes to the study of the interconnected processes of individual and social development in compulsory and higher education.

The book deals with Thomas Orde, Chief Secretary for Ireland 1784–1787, and his plans for an innovative education scheme for Ireland. His education plan was introduced in the Irish House of Commons in 1787, but because of circumstances beyond Orde's control, it never reached the stage of a second or third reading. It is, nevertheless, an important intervention in the history of Irish education, as it paved the way for educational research and a host of fresh plans for Irish education over the following half-century, culminating with the introduction of the National System in 1831.

Digitalization, a formative factor in the education sector, is in the interest of educational research. It also enables new teaching and learning methods and requires skills from those involved. Media competence is a key competence here. In this context, the optimization of information processes in the Austrian education system is essential and is also an important area of research. Communication with modern communication techniques and cooperation are indispensable here. This dissertation examines the main developmental steps of digitalization in the Austrian education system in a historical longitudinal section as well as their significance for teaching practice. The central areas of digital school development in the Austrian school system are examined and models of digitalization strategies are presented. In addition to comprehensive literature studies, relevant legal norms as well as meta-studies and individual case studies on the research topic were also examined.

As the demographics of college students in the United States continue to shift, researchers increasingly design studies that offer insight into students enrolled in higher and postsecondary education institutions.This timely book addresses the challenges in appropriately engaging these students in research and how to develop scholarship featuring college student populations. Featuring tangible examples and strategies, this text breaks down the central tensions and opportunities that exist when designing qualitative studies that center college students and their development, experiences, and success. Chapters cover topics such as the philosophical underpinnings of qualitative research, study design, methodological approaches, data methods, issues of positionality, data analysis, trustworthiness, and writing up students'stories.Scholars and practitioners at all career levels will benefit from the chapters describing key considerations that scholars must make when doing research with college students in the contemporary context. Discussing both traditional as well as more contemporary and critical approaches to qualitative research, this book helps students, faculty, and researchers grapple with key considerations of doing research with and on college students in the contemporary context, as well as with tangible ideas of how to better reach the college students that are enrolling in their institutions.

This book theorizes and describes the concept of transformative critical whiteness pedagogies that are rooted in theories and practices of improvisation. It shows how these pedagogies invite people, especially white people, into the urgent work of resisting the ongoing production and affirmation of white supremacy.Using the frameworks of storytelling and story analysis, this book uses narrative to invite the reader into ongoing work to design and make sense of teaching and learning about whiteness that would meaningfully account for a grapple with white supremacy. Chapter 1 offers the conceptual framework rooted in theories and practices of improvisation that allow for new ways to think about engaging whiteness in anti-racist pedagogies, which the authors name transformative critical whiteness pedagogies. Chapters 2–4 tell and analyze the stories that emerged out of this work to design and facilitate transformative critical whiteness pedagogies with white elementary students, white college students, and then black elementary students in the US. Chapters 5 and 6 discuss the challenges of developing and implementing transformative critical whiteness pedagogies in K-12 contexts. The final chapters offer a discussion of the improvisational ethos, as well as an overview of the authors'ongoing work to engage people, especially white people, in getting smarter about whiteness.Using simple, straightforward language to address complex ideas about anti-racist pedagogies, this volume will be important reading for pre-service teachers and teacher educators in Critical Whiteness Studies, Critical Multicultural Education, Social Foundations of Education, Elementary Education, and Race and Culture Studies.

This revised and updated second edition of Paulo Freire: The Man from Recife recounts the life, thought, and experiences of a remarkable man who has left an indelible mark on the social sciences, education, and theology. As one who was born in the northeastern part of Brazil in a city called Recife, Freire experienced the sting of poverty and the pangs hunger within an unjust social and economic system, yet he emerged as a courageous, prophetic voice of conscience. With a new Foreword, Preface, and Afterword, notable stylistic changes in chapter structures, and updated chapters relevant to these contemporary times, this new revised, updated edition continues to bring attention to a man whose thought continues to influence around the globe.

Originally published in 1980, Absent with Cause, reissued here with a new preface, looks at the Bayswater Centre, which provided full-time education for young people who had stopped attending comprehensive schools, and for whom the alternative may well have been home tuition or residential provision in community homes or assessment centres. By describing what actually happened in a documented year with a whole intake of youngsters, the intention was to probe beneath the label of ‘failure'to show that a meaningful full-time educational programme could be offered and accepted despite disastrous home backgrounds or a history of complete disenchantment with school. By pointing to the success of an ethos that redefined the three most important educational objectives as Responsibility, Articulation and Relevance, and which actually offered young people a real opportunity to participate in determining their own educational programme, and by reference to other units and schools working along similar lines, the intention was to discuss the implications for state provision. Today it can be read in its historical context.This book is a re-issue originally published in 1980. The language used is a reflection of its era and no offence is meant by the Publishers to any reader by this re-publication.

Der Band versammelt ausgewählte Vorträge und Aufsätze aus dem Werk von Alfred Schirlbauer (1948-2022), die zwischen 1981 und 2018 entstanden sind. Die Texte spannen den Bogen ins Heute und sind hinsichtlich ihrer Aktualität bestechend. Systematisch und kritisch nimmt sich Schirlbauer Innovationen und Reform-Pakete mit skeptischem Blick vor und bringt deren Widersprüchlichkeiten pointiert zum Vorschein. Die dabei vorfindlichen Transformationen betreffen Gesellschaft, Politik, Schule und Bildung. Da viele Aufsätze und Reden von Schirlbauer nicht mehr zugänglich sind, wurden in diesem Band die wichtigsten zusammengestellt.

Research Paradigms and Their Methodological Alignment in Social Sciences is a comprehensive guide addressing the common conceptions surrounding research paradigms. This practical book demystifies complex concepts, giving researchers a nuanced understanding of the significance of research paradigms. It offers detailed insights, examples, and strategies for selecting and applying appropriate research methods, aiming to enhance the rigour and impact of scholarly work.This insightful guide meticulously explores the intricacies of research paradigms in the social sciences. It begins by unravelling the concept and historical development of research paradigm, emphasising its pivotal role in shaping the research process. The book elucidates major research paradigms, including positivism, interpretivism, transformative paradigm, postcolonial indigenous paradigm, and pragmatism. Each paradigm is dissected, unveiling philosophical underpinnings, methodological designs, and critical considerations. The chapters carefully align research questions with specific paradigms through illustrative case studies, offering practical guidance for researchers at all levels. Notably, the transformative paradigm and postcolonial indigenous perspective receive dedicated attention, addressing their unique methodological nuances and ethical dimensions. The exploration extends to pragmatism, seamlessly integrating theoretical foundations with real-world applications. The book strives to bridge the awareness gap in academic settings, fostering a profound appreciation for research paradigms and promoting a thoughtful, rigorous approach to scholarly inquiry.This book caters to students, novice and experienced researchers, offering a comprehensive understanding of research paradigms. It's valuable for academia, aiding undergraduate and postgraduate students, educators, and researchers in various disciplines. Research organisations, academic institutions, and professionals in diverse fields engaged in research and development will also find it a valuable resource.

The term agape has become something of a mainstream concept, as it has graced America's television screens through commercial media. This book investigates agape and presents a timely, novel argument regarding current strains on U.S. education and student learning outcomes. It interrogates the impact of a loveless, meritocratic and exclusively Eurocentric learning environment on student engagement and motivation, reimagining a more effective outcome when unconditional love guides both curriculum and pedagogy. Through an interdisciplinary lens of western and non-western scholarship and storytelling, the author shares her journey along a 30 year practice of a curriculum of agape—a hidden and explicit curriculum of a selfless and radical love, ever pursuant of the unfinished quest for social justice in the learning space. A Curriculum of Agape—Reimagining Love in the Classroom is a theoretical and practical guide for prioritizing and actualizing unconditional love in the classroom as a relevant and necessary approach to maximizing student learning outcomes.'A Curriculum of Agape is a self-help book, love story, and practical guide for anyone who is interested in becoming a teacher or for those looking to rekindle their relationship with the profession. Through vulnerability and honesty, Dr. Johnson connects to her reader and shares her experiences as a veteran teacher, examining how attitudes, institutions, and structures have infl uenced the teaching profession. Dr. Johnson reminds us that teaching and learning is an emotional and professional calling, where a curriculum centered on love will help us achieve more equity and belonging in our classrooms and communities.'—Dr. Breanne Hicks Cultivator for Interdisciplinary Studies and English Teacher, Saint Mary's Hall, San Antonio, TX'This book should be in the hands of every teacher and educational leader in the field. Dr. Johnson layers the complexity of equity, inclusion, and restorative justice practices, with the development of student identity in a way that is accessible to educators.'—Dr. Paula Johnson Chief Equity and Diversity Officer Judson Independent School District, San Antonio, TX

Experiments in Art Research: How Do We Live Questions Through Art? is not a conventional research methods guide; it's an encounter for asking questions through art.Originating from the work of a community of tightly connected scholars, artists, and teachers, the book unfolds through a tapestry of moments, practices, and people, embracing the celebration of works in progress and in community. Rooted in the practice of permission-giving, the narrative intertwines personal stories—laying bare the transformative power of unconventional teaching methods, risky endeavors, and the breaking of scholarly norms—and begins by understanding that “art” and “research” are not separate. After that, there are endless directions to take up. Instead of a handbook offering rules or best practices, this text offers an inspiring collection of joy, longing, and determination. This is fascinating reading for arts-based researchers, artists, educators in the arts, education scholars, research-creators, performance theorists, art history scholars, art education scholars, inter- and anti-disciplinary scholars, qualitative and post-qualitative researchers, decolonization scholars, public humanities scholars, and writing pedagogy scholars.

La question de la transition vers l'enseignement supérieur fait couler beaucoup d'encre tant elle constitue un enjeu de taille pour le système éducatif. En conséquence, de très nombreux travaux se sont penchés sur la question, ne permettant pas toujours de fournir une vision claire des principaux enjeux à l'œuvre. Cet ouvrage propose de dresser un bilan des principales avancées sur les questions de réussite et de persévérance académiques gravitant autour du processus de transition. Au fil des chapitres, le lecteur ou la lectrice pourra ainsi se questionner sur les principaux déterminants de la réussite et de la persévérance académique, le processus d'adaptation étudiante à l'enseignement supérieur et les différentes formes de diversités étudiantes. D'autres thématiques seront également abordées, comme le rôle du contexte institutionnel et pédagogique sur l'adaptation à l'enseignement supérieur et les pratiques mises en place pour soutenir l'étudiant·e dans sa transition. Au final, les lecteurs et lectrices devraient ressortir de cet ouvrage avec des pistes plus claires d'action et une vision plus complète et nuancée de la transition vers l'enseignement supérieur

A rare and powerful illustration of what it takes to become a sustainable, community-embedded organization that continually grows the next generation of compassionate leaders.This essential, timely book meets us at our current moment of crisis to offer hope that American democracy's stalled trajectory toward its founding creed to embrace all, and not just some, can indeed be re-invigorated. Pedagogy of a Beloved Commons is about low-income youth of color working within justice-oriented, community-based organizations to improve the social and spatial conditions in their surroundings. It draws from hundreds of pages of data, some collected over a decade ago by graduate research assistants at three universities and some collected recently by a graduate research assistant at a fourth university, to present verbatim quotes from interviews with constituents of three youth-serving organizations. The book posits that the disinvested neighborhoods where youth experience abandonment and marginality in fact can serve as a call to action, given appropriate organizational support.Pedagogy of a Beloved Commons envisions a place-based critical pedagogy that can provide young people with the practical skills and deep values to engage with today's economic, racial, and ecological crises. It offers a welcome antidote to a neoliberal education system that has not only veered away from its public mandate to advance democratic citizenship but that has also reinforced today's insidious economic inequality, rendering illusive the idea that rich and poor can work together toward a common good. Between these pages resonates a passionate call for an approach to cultivating citizens who have the critical skills to challenge injustice, the courage to hold the rich and powerful accountable, and the empathy to advance not just their own self-interest but also the health and well-being of their communities and the planet. The author proposes that such citizens develop by exercising collective agency in “the commons,” a political and psychic space whose values are mapped out in physical space. Through the expert use of an architect's lens, this groundbreaking book argues that the three-dimensional concreteness of the nation's disinvested neighborhoods provides a virtual stage where disenfranchised youth can experiment with collective life, become more discerning about the forces that have shaped their communities, and practice working toward just and inclusive futures.Merging Paolo Freire's seminal theory of critical pedagogy with Grace Lee Boggs's belief that hands-on community-building can disrupt the ever more destructive forces of neoliberal capitalism, Pedagogy of a Beloved Commons refines an aspirational framework for a pathway forward through a careful analysis of three exemplar organizations. It offers rich, unique portraits of young people transforming their communities in southwest Detroit, Wai'anae, and Harlem, respectively illustrat­ing place-based activism through theater, organic farming, and critical inquiry. Here activism is framed as the hands-on engagement of youth in addressing inequities in the commons of their neighborhoods through small but persistent interventions that also help them learn the language of solidarity and collectivity that a sustainable democracy needs. Pedagogy of a Beloved Commons is a must-read for our times and for our future.

CONTENTS: UNIT 1 : INTRODUCTION UNIT 2 : BASIC LABORATORY TECHNIQUES UNIT 3 : IDENTIFICATION OF GASES UNIT 4 : ANALYSIS OF SALTS UNIT 5 : WET TEST OF TEST IN THE SOLUTION STATE UNIT 6 : WET TESTS FOR BASIC RADICALS (CATIONS) UNIT 7: IDENTIFICATION OF ACIDIC AND ALKALINE SOLUTIONS UNIT 8 : IDENTIFICATION OF COPPER OXIDE AND MANGANESE DIOXIDE UNIT 9 : HYDROGEN ION SCALE OR THE pH SCALE UNIT 10 : SPECIMEN RECORD OF ANALYSIS OF A SALT

This book offers educational leaders another tool that, if they are courageous enough to use, transcends the tried-and-true processes and procedures that have typically grounded the educational leader's performance. This book offers educational leaders the opportunity to use critical spirituality as a practice to wage war against the miseducation of so many of the nation's children and youth. The book demands attention be paid to the societal issues that impact what happens in schools and argues that the intellectual work in the schoolhouse must prepare students to create strategies to combat these issues and challenges. The book can be used in advanced courses in educational leadership from multiple perspectives, including contemporary issues, social foundations, social justice, spirituality, and ethics

“Bethea's book conveys the story of an amazingly ambitious attempt to preserve the humanities while also saving the future of disadvantaged high school students in Chicago. … Highly recommended.” — Library Journal (starred review)The Pushkin Project tells the story of how a Russian studies professor changes course late in his career by reeducating himself in evolutionary thought and founding a summer institute that partners with inner-city high schools to implement a new set of learning strategies for underserved youth.These “cognitive cross-training” strategies involve introducing students from Hispanic and Black neighborhoods in the west and south sides of Chicago to the Russian culture and language, with an emphasis on poet, playwright, and novelist Alexander Pushkin. Through the lens of modern evolutionary thought, students adopt not only a new and different language and culture, but also a different sort of literary hero, one whose African heritage within the majority culture speaks to them directly. This inspiring and compelling story provides fascinating insights into Russia's national poet, brings the sciences and humanities together, and provides new directions in teaching young people from historically disadvantaged backgrounds.

L'investigation collaborative prend forme sur la base d'une association qui unit un mode d‘investigation, l'enquête, telle que considérée par John Dewey au début du 20e siècle, avec une modalité collective beaucoup plus récente　: l'apprentissage collaboratif. De la sorte, des personnes en quête de nouveaux savoirs peuvent être amenées à interagir et échanger de manière autonome à des fins de découverte, d'où l'intérêt de telles mises en œuvre dans les domaines scolaire et universitaire. Une nouvelle donne est toutefois identifiée dans l'usage des outils numériques. Ils autorisent des échanges à distance qui, couplés avec ceux réalisés en présentiel, donnent lieu à des interactions à caractère hybride. Le potentiel interactif des participants se trouve ainsi renforcé, tout comme l'est leur autonomie, ce qui leur permet de diversifier leurs approches des situations ou phénomènes étudiés. En conclusion de cet ouvrage, il est donc question de modalités collaboratives augmentées pour désigner les pratiques d'investigation collective significatives de ce genre d'évolutions.

La presente obra ofrece una mirada profunda y reflexiva sobre la innovación educative en diferentes niveles educativos en el contexto de la pandemia. A partir del cuestionamiento ¿qué estrategias de innovación se pusieron en acción durante la crisis educativa COVID-19?, se pretende abordar de forma exploratoria la respuesta educativa a esta problemática desde la heterogeneidad de las contribuciones científicas en el contexto de México. La finalidad es contribuir a la comprensión y solución de las problemáticas derivadas del cierre de las escuelas desde el studio de las afectaciones emocionales, pedagógicas y de participación, pero también desde el análisis de las posibilidades educativas que surgen en este contexto desafiante. Se comparte al lector un cúmulo de experiencias, estrategias y propuestas educativas para reflexionar sobre la praxis educativa para afrontar una coyuntura de cambios sociales en los diferentes niveles educativos. Se aborda reflexivamente las dimensiones subjetivas de las y los agentes educativos durante la pandemia COVID-19 y su impacto en la innovación educativa, al dar cuenta de sus realidades educativas y sociales.

Cet ouvrage bilingue français-anglais s'inscrit pleinement dans le projet scientifiquedu CERDAP2 à Sciences Po Grenoble-UGA, ayant pour objectif la miseen évidence de reconfigurations institutionnelles et politiques internationales, etde nouvelles rationalités contemporaines. Il analyse, pense, propose, et teste desmodèles nationaux, régionaux, et internationaux de gouvernance en évolution, etdonne toute leur place aux acteurs institutionnels et à ceux de la société civile. Ilintègre l'ensemble des protagonistes (y compris les acteurs transnationaux) impliquésdans des dispositifs administratifs, politiques, économiques, diplomatiques,et stratégiques en recomposition continue. Son approche comparatiste est ancréedans l'histoire et étudie en profondeur des exemples concrets de cinq continents, enconciliant avancée méthodologique, stratégie et géopolitique, relations et politiquespubliques économiques internationales et créations institutionnelles, et mutationsdes identités et représentations en sociologie politique internationale.

Virtual standard setting became more popular since the global outbreak of Covid-19 in 2020. Standard setting practitioners needed to conduct either cut score studies and/or linking studies online. The research presented in this book predates Covid-19 and explores virtual standard setting in two e-communication media (audio and video) and then compares them to the face-to-face environment. The interplay of quantitative methods [i.e., classical test theory (CTT) and Rasch measurement theory (RMT)] and qualitative methods [(i.e., constant comparative method (CCM), and media naturalness theory (MNT)] unravel Ariadne's thread into the labyrinth of virtual standard setting. Illustrative examples of how to conduct and evaluate a virtual workshop are offered to stimulate standard setting practitioners to embrace the opportunities of the virtual environment.

¿Qué ha sucedido durante el confinamiento causado por la COVID-19 en la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras en la Educación Superior? ¿Qué prácticas educativas se han llevado a cabo y deben seguirse replicando tras la pandemia? El presente volumen presenta, en la primera parte, una investigación realizada en 12 universidades españolas sobre cómo ha sido el impacto del confinamiento en la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras. En la segunda parte se recogen investigaciones y buenas prácticas docentes que han dado respuesta a las dificultades vividas durante el confinamiento y que pueden seguir llevándose a la práctica tras la pandemia. Se trata, por tanto, de un libro dirigido no solo a investigadores, sino también a todos aquellos docentes que pretenden mejorar día a día en su desempeño docente.

This book outlines the principal features of the Payment by Results policy, first introduced in England in 1862. It draws attention to some of the positive aspects of the system but it also considers the more salient features of a system that preyed heavily on both pupils and teachers. Inspectors were used as agents of its implementation, resulting in a divergence of views between them and the teachers. Very few regretted its demise in 1900 when it was replaced by the Revised Programme, a much more child-centred curriculum. It was a system of schooling rather than of education, and it served very few admirably.

This book examines key concepts, principles, and applications of the service-learning approach. Service-learning is a community-based educational approach to improve a student's academic, personal, leadership, civic, and professional development through civic engagement. Unlike other traditional approaches to education, service-learning students can use their classroom-based knowledge and skills in a real-life context in collaboration with community organisations and residents.This volume explores the theory, research, and practices of how service-learning is understood, implemented, and evaluated in different contexts. It provides essential guidelines to implement and integrate service-learning at educational institutions through extensive discussions on the principles, philosophical challenges, opportunities, and its applications. Key themes include:• Theory of service-learning• Concept of service-learning• Challenges to service-learning • Applications of service-learning• Service-learning as professional development• Service-learning as communicationAccessibly written, this book would be of interest to faculty, students, community organisations, and researchers working in the areas of education, pedagogy, sociology, and social work.

How did we conclude that the best way to prepare kids for the future is to cluster them into classrooms by age and grade, forcing them to learn the same things, at the same time and pace, seven hours a day, five days a week, for twelve years? We trust the school system to prepare our kids for the future. We get excited when they get good grades, or disappointed if they don't. But we rarely stop to question whether school is teaching our children the right things in the right way. Kids could get good at playing the game of school, but are they really learning? Teacher-turned-edupreneur Ana Lorena Fábrega, known by her students as Ms. Fab, invites us to rethink education. In The Learning Game, she reveals how traditional schooling has gone wrong, and proposes a series of actionable strategies to help kids learn. What if we guide kids to think for themselves? Should we encourage kids to take risks and tackle projects of their own? How do we help kids learn to love learning? Answering these questions and many more, The Learning Game will arm you with practical tools to design a new approach to learning—one that leaves behind the game of school and prepares your kids for the game of life.

This volume celebrates cellphilm as an emerging Participatory Visual Method which effectively and powerfully engenders learning and catalyses social change. The book outlines the method's theoretical framework, the role of the educator and researcher, and ethical concerns of using this method, and critically explores issues which determine the production and dissemination of creative outputs. The authors demonstrate the emerging methodology of cellphilm and how it can be utilised from both pedagogical and methodological standpoints. Using examples of cellphilms created to understand social issues, this book illustrates how the method enables diverse populations to document their communities and realities using mobile devices.By exploring cellphilm as a growing method in participatory visual research, the work fills an important gap in the fields of critically engaged community-based research, pedagogy and higher education for scholars and community activists.

Giuseppe Lombardo Radice (1879-1938) was one of the main figures in Italian pedagogy in the first half of the 20th century and collaborated with the philosopher Giovanni Gentile on the 1923 reform of the Italian school system. However, his work ‘for'and ‘with'many elementary school teachers also left important and long-lasting traces beyond Italy's borders, in Switzerland, Spain, Central Europe, and the North Adriatic, thanks to his intense international contacts with several scholars, foremost among them Adolphe Ferrière and Lorenzo Luzuriaga. A rediscovery of Lombardo Radice will open up new research avenues in different fields of the History of Education, History of Elementary Schools, and History of Teacher Education, because his original thinking about the primacy of the educational relationship between teacher and pupils, a new concept of school discipline and his idea of the scuola serena also accorded him a unique role in the international movement of New School Education. Moreover, his research among previously unknown popular elementary schools in Italy and the Italian-speaking Tessin region in Switzerland adopted a heuristic perspective, comparable to current studies on the material culture of schools.

Particularly for the disciplines of the humanities and social sciences, for which writing is their lifeblood, the crisis in academic writing has become existential. It is not hard to diagnose the disease, and its causes. This book showcases what we desperately need: radical alternatives, experiments we can try out, ways of writing that don't just tweak the system but plot a different course altogether. This isn't just about finding new genres, for these only change the surface appearance without altering the underlying dynamic. Rather, the editor and contributors focus on finding new ways to join thinking both with writing and the things of which, and with which, we write. Each chapter brims with the kind of liveliness, outspokenness and urgency that their theme demands. Far from tiptoeing around the edifice of academia they are intent on stirring things up, reigniting their scholarship with a fuse of activism, in the hope of setting off an explosion that could send ripples throughout the academy.