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Although the importance of domestic servants in eighteenth-century England has long been recognized, The Domestic Servant in Eighteenth-Century England (first published in 1956, reviving the 1980 edition here) is the first attempt to investigate comprehensively what was the largest occupational group at that time. A wide variety of source material has been used—the diaries, memoirs, letters, magazines, newspapers and literary works, as well as pamphlets and treatises on social and economic problems of the day. A wealth of data has also been drawn from contemporary works on service, servants, and household management. The study is thus able to reconstruct the principal lineaments of the servant ‘class'and to demonstrate the significance of the group in relation to the society of which it formed a part. Such aspects of the group as its composition, size and structure, the means by which it was recruited, the hopes and ambitions of its members, the nature of their social status, and the conditions under which they lived and laboured are all fully treated. The result of this thorough examination is a cogent work of sociological history.

Der Band knüpft an das wissenshistorisch und praxeologisch orientierte Interesse an Genealogie an, wie es vor allem in der Geschichte der Vormoderne der letzten Jahre formuliert wurde. Dabei wird in den Blick genommen, wie sich im Bereich der Genealogie die Verschränkung und gegenseitige Beeinflussung wissenschaftlicher und populärer Praktiken, etwa in Vereinen, auswirkte. Genealogische Forschungspraxis wurde zudem als Wissensfeld in historischen, sozialwissenschaftlichen, naturwissenschaftlichen und medizinischen Fächern genutzt. Wie zirkulierte genealogisches Wissen zwischen Vereinen, Universitäten, religiösen und staatlichen Behörden und Archiven seit dem 19. Jahrhundert, und für welche gesellschaftlichen Ordnungsvorstellungen wurde es verwendet? Wie dynamisieren der Medienwandel und Strategien des Open Access in Archiven die Produktion von Genealogien? Mit Beiträgen von Bertram Fink, Manfred Gailus, Bernd Gausemeier, Michael Hecht, Katrin Heil, Amos Kuster, Daniel Menning, Niklas Regenbrecht, Jan Ripke, Nicolas Rügge, Jan Ruhkopf, Astrit Schmidt-Burkhardt, Marianne Sommer, Elisabeth Timm, Fiona Vicent.

Since Chicago's founding, theater has blossomed in the city's makeshift spaces, from taverns to parks, living rooms to storefronts. Makeshift Chicago Stages brings together leading historians to share the history of theater and performance in the Second City. The essays collected here theorize a regional theater history and aesthetic that are inherently improvisational, rough-and-tumble, and marginal, reflecting the realities of a hypersegregated city and its neighborhoods. Space and place have contributed to Chicago's reputation for gritty, ensemble-led work, part of a makeshift ethos that exposes the policies of the city and the transgressive possibilities of performance. This book examines the rise and proliferation of Chicago's performance spaces, which have rooted the city's dynamic, thriving theater community. Chapters cover well‑known, groundbreaking, and understudied theatrical sites, ensembles, and artists, including the 1893 Columbian Exposition Midway Plaisance, the 57th Street Artist Colony, the Fine Arts Building, the Goodman Theatre, the Federal Theatre Project, the Kingston Mines and Body Politic Theaters, ImprovOlympics (later iO), Teatro Vista, Theaster Gates, and the Chicago Home Theater Festival. By putting space at the center of the city's theater history, the authors in Makeshift Chicago Stages spotlight the roles of neighborhoods, racial dynamics, atypical venues, and borders as integral to understanding the work and aesthetics of Chicago's artists, ensembles, and repertoires, which have influenced theater practices worldwide. Featuring rich archival work and oral histories, this anthology will prove a valuable resource for theater historians, as well as anyone interested in Chicago's cultural heritage.

The fortunes of the late nineteenth century's imperial and industrial powers depended on a single raw material—rubber—with only one source: the Amazon basin. And so began the scramble for the Amazon—a decades-long conflict that found Britain, France, Belgium, and the United States fighting with and against the new nations of Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil for the forest's riches. In the midst of this struggle, Euclides da Cunha, engineer, journalist, geographer, political theorist, and one of Brazil's most celebrated writers, led a survey expedition to the farthest reaches of the river, among the world's most valuable, dangerous, and little-known landscapes. The Scramble for the Amazon tells the story of da Cunha's terrifying journey, the unfinished novel born from it, and the global strife that formed the backdrop for both. Haunted by his broken marriage, da Cunha trekked through a beautiful region thrown into chaos by guerrilla warfare, starving migrants, and native slavery. All the while, he worked on his masterpiece, a nationalist synthesis of geography, philosophy, biology, and journalism he named the Lost Paradise. Da Cunha intended his epic to unveil the Amazon's explorers, spies, natives, and brutal geopolitics, but, as Susanna B. Hecht recounts, he never completed it—his wife's lover shot him dead upon his return. At once the biography of an extraordinary writer, a masterly chronicle of the social, political, and environmental history of the Amazon, and a superb translation of the remaining pieces of da Cunha's project, The Scramble for the Amazon is a work of thrilling intellectual ambition.

The study of emotions has attracted anew the interest of scholars in various disciplines, igniting a lively public debate on the constructive and destructive power of emotions in society as well as within each of us. Most of the contributors to this volume do not hail from the United States but look at the nation from abroad. They explore the role of emotions in history and ask how that exploration changes what we know about national and international history, and in turn how that affects the methodological study of history. In particular they focus on emotions in American history between the 18th century and the present: in war, in social and political discourse, as well as in art and the media. In addition to case studies, the volume includes a review of their fields by senior scholars, who offer new insights regarding future research projects.

Recent studies on the meaning of cultural diplomacy in the twentieth century often focus on the United States and the Cold War, based on the premise that cultural diplomacy was a key instrument of foreign policy in the nation's effort to contain the Soviet Union. As a result, the term “cultural diplomacy” has become one-dimensional, linked to political manipulation and subordination and relegated to the margin of diplomatic interactions. This volume explores the significance of cultural diplomacy in regions other than the United States or “western” countries, that is, regions that have been neglected by scholars so far—Eastern Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. By examining cultural diplomacy in these regions, the contributors show that the function of information and exchange programs differs considerably from area to area depending on historical circumstances and, even more importantly, on the cultural mindsets of the individuals involved.

Das »Patriziat« stellte in der vormodernen Stadt eine wichtige soziale Ordnungskategorie dar. Jedoch war nicht immer klar, wer als »Patrizier« gelten konnte. Während die ältere Forschung eine Zuordnung vor allem aufgrund ökonomischer und politischer Merkmale vorgenommen hat, stellt dieses Buch das Selbstverständnis der damaligen Stadtbürger ins Zentrum und beschreibt die Patriziatsbildung als kommunikativen Prozess. Untersucht wird dies am Beispiel der Städte Lüneburg, Halle und Werl, da hier die Salzherstellung zu besonderen Organisationsformen der Eliten geführt hat.

I had an uneventful childhood. My family loved me.'The author's direct, personal voice gives this Holocaust memoir its power. Although the writing is direct, almost monosyllabic at times, the book is not intended for young readers. It conveys a brutality that is sudden and close, just as it was for the boy when he heard that his beloved older brother and his father had been shot to death and thrown into a common grave. This is the story of a young boy who came of age before World War II in a small Polish-Jewish-Ukrainian town. Nearly his entire family met their end by gas or by bullet. He survived only by the barest of luck. Among the most moving pages in the book are those the author devotes to the Ukrainian and Polish men and women who found the courage, in the face of savage anti-Semitism raging about them, to come to the aid of the Jewish victims, thus risking death both at the hands of their neighbors and the German masters alike.

Combining the perspectives of 18 international scholars from Europe and the United States with a critical discussion of the role of culture in international relations, this volume introduces recent trends in the study of Culture and International History. It systematically explores the cultural dimension of international history, mapping existing approaches and conceptual lenses for the study of cultural factors and thus hopes to sharpen the awareness for the cultural approach to international history among both American and non-American scholars. The first part provides a methodological introduction, explores the cultural underpinnings of foreign policy, and the role of culture in international affairs by reviewing the historiography and examining the meaning of the word culture in the context of foreign relations. In the second part, contributors analyze culture as a tool of foreign policy. They demonstrate how culture was instrumentalized for diplomatic goals and purposes in different historical periods and world regions. The essays in the third part expand the state-centered view and retrace informal cultural relations among nations and peoples. This exploration of non-state cultural interaction focuses on the role of science, art, religion, and tourism. The fourth part collects the findings and arguments of part one, two, and three to define a roadmap for further scholarly inquiry. A group of'commentators'survey the preceding essays, place them into a larger research context, and address the question'Where do we go from here?'The last and fifth part presents a selection of primary sources along with individual comments highlighting a new genre of resources scholars interested in culture and international relations can consult.

Latin American history—the stuff of wars, elections, conquests, inventions, colonization, and all those other events and processes attributed to adults—has also been lived and partially forged by children. Taking a fresh look at Latin American and Caribbean society over the course of more than half a millennium, this book explores how the omission of children from the region's historiography may in fact be no small matter. Children currently make up one-third of the population of Latin America and the Caribbean, and over the centuries they have worked, played, worshipped, committed crimes, and fought and suffered in wars. Regarded as more promising converts to the Christian faith than adults, children were vital in European efforts to invent loyal subjects during the colonial era. In the contemporary economies of Latin America and the Caribbean—where 23 percent of people live on a dollar per day or less—the labor of children may spell the difference between survival and starvation for millions of households. Minor Omissions brings together scholars of history, anthropology, religion, and art history as well as a talented young author who has lived in the streets of a Brazilian city since the age of nine. The book closes with the prophetic dystopian tale'The Children's Rebellion'by the noted Uruguayan writer Cristina Peri Rossi.