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Reflecting growth in research interest in second language vocabulary over the past 30 years, this edited volume explores the current themes and possible future directions in second language vocabulary research. The collection brings together review papers and quantitative studies, and considers vocabulary in the contexts of teaching, learning and assessment. Key themes explored in the volume include multidimensionality of vocabulary knowledge, the nature of word learnability, the interface between receptive vocabulary knowledge and productive vocabulary use, the partial-to-precise continuum of vocabulary knowledge, conditions favouring vocabulary learning and use, and the use of corpora to develop word lists to inform second language teaching. The themes presented in this volume reflect current thinking and research avenues at the interface between research enquiry and second language teaching practice.

This volume introduces teaching methodologies for improving and incorporating representation, inclusion and social justice perspectives in the world language curriculum. Chapters present state-of-the-art research and cover many different language contexts, including French, Spanish, Mandarin, and Portuguese. Authors discuss difficult and hot topics, such as Critical Language Awareness, Critical Race Theory, non-binary language use in gendered languages, culturally sustaining curriculum, teaching heritage language speakers, and more. Ideal for graduate courses, students, and scholars in world language education, the volume offers new pathways and strategies for promoting diversity and equity in the classroom.

This volume links corpus research to classroom practice and critically assesses how the integration of a corpus-informed methodology affects pedagogical choices, teaching materials and classroom activities. Focusing on the language classroom, and drawing on examples from English, French, German and Hungarian, this book demonstrates that such methodology is applicable to languages with very different properties.Drawing on both larger, general and smaller, more specialised corpora, including both spoken and written data, this volume: presents the key features of natural language according to corpus linguistics, establishing principles and methods to observe and practice natural-sounding language use suggests the characteristics of a coherent, corpus-informed methodology and contrasts this with existing methodologies explores ways in which this methodology can enhance language learning and discusses the types of activities that are most effective explains how this methodology be integrated into teacher training Bridging the long-persisting gap between corpus-informed language teaching research and applied classroom reform, this book is key reading for researchers in applied linguistics and language pedagogy, as well as teacher trainers and practitioners.

What could language teachers learn from neuroscientists and economists? And what could they learn from anthropologists, psychologists, and myriad other professions? Language Teaching Insights From Other Fields: Psychology, Business, Brain Science, and More is, at heart, a book about exploration and about seeking inspiration from beyond routine contexts. The chapters, written by language teachers with extensive experience in other fields, yield surprises that translate to new ways of thinking about teaching and the classroom. Language teachers who open this book tap into a living library of their colleagues'knowledge and experiences.

This volume presents a diverse range of expertise and practical advice on corpus-assisted language learning, bridging the gap between corpus research and actual classroom practice.Grounded in expert discussions and interviews, the book offers an extensive exploration into the intricacies of corpus-based language pedagogy, addressing its challenges, benefits, and potential drawbacks while demonstrating the power of data-driven learning (DDL) tools, including AntConc, WordSmith Tools, and CorpusMate. The book navigates the complexities of integrating DDL into mainstream educational systems, showcasing real-world applications for teaching. The authors bring together cutting-edge, international perspectives on this topic in dialogue with those using such techniques in their classroom practice.Both a rigorous academic resource and a hands-on guide for practitioners, this book is recommended reading for educators, researchers, or anyone wanting to upskill themselves in learning to harness the power of data in language pedagogy in primary, secondary, tertiary, or other professional contexts.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of approaches to problems of language learning, aimed at graduate students and researchers interested in English for academic purposes. Its primary focus is the complexity and nuances of academic writing such as phraseology, nominalization, thematicity, and phrasal complexity features. The book will clarify the issue of how language is used to communicate discipline-related content, viewed through the lens of linguistics as one of the human sciences. Each chapter concludes with several tasks that enable users to substantiate what has been presented in that chapter. The book primarily addresses non-native speakers of English who are studying for master's and PhD qualifications through the medium of English; however, non-native researchers may also find some chapters of the book useful for their underlying focus on academic writing and publishing.

Die Validität bei der Bewertung sprachlicher Kompetenzen im Fach Deutsch als Fremdsprache steht in der vorliegenden Studie im Mittelunkt. Untersucht wird auf welche sprachlichen, textuellen und aufgabenbezogenen Aspekte die Bewertenden Wert legen, die Bewerterübereinstimmung schwedischer Bewertenden sowie wie sich schwedische Bewertungen schriftlicher Kompetenz zu den Niveaus des GER verhalten. Neben einer qualitativen thematischen Inhaltsanalyse bietet die Arbeit auch quantitativ angelegte statistische Berechnungen. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen werden didaktische Empfehlungen für den schulischen Fremdsprachenunterricht in Schweden gegeben. Dieses Buch wendet sich an Forschende und Praktiker im fremdsprachlichen Bereich, an Lernende, Lehrkräfte, Lehrwerksautoren und -autorinnen, Lehramtstudierende sowie weitere Akteure schulischer Bildung.

Standards for Short-Term TEFL/TESL Certificate Program with Program Assessment presents organization and program management, curriculum development, instructor recruitment, and candidate curriculum standards for TEFL/TESL short-term certificate and a user-friendly self-assessment tool. This assessment tool guides program administrators toward improvements of their programs through various activities and group discussions.

'This festschrift has been compiled to honour Günther Sigott for his notable contributions to academia in general and to the field of language testing in particular. The contributors to this volume come from all over the world, spanning regions from Austria and its neighbouring countries Slovenia and Germany, to the UK, USA, Canada, all the way to Japan and Iran. They work as test developers, teacher educators, psychometricians and researchers, taking up a variety of subjects such as washback of standardized tests, the acknowledgement of language varieties in high-stakes exams, fostering language assessment literacy or psychometric models to enhance C-test interpretations or scoring validity'--

Reading is considered as one of the most challenging and difficult abilities in learning a foreign language which also serves as a basis for developing other competences. The monograph presents and discusses in detail a novel multi-stage research study on the acquisition and development of reading comprehension skills in trilingual advanced learners. It examines the use of reading strategies in two experiments involving Polish students of English and German, and the impact of strategic training in one foreign language on its autonomous employment in the next one. The obtained results are subject to a thorough statistical analysis which allows for drawing significant conclusions concerning the process of reading comprehension in trilingual advanced learners.

Discover ways in which teachers interpret and innovate research findings into actual classroom practice to create positive classroom transformations. Given the diversity of the contexts explored in this volume, the chapters are divided into three main sections with lessons taking place at the primary and middle school level, the lower- and upper-secondary school level, and the tertiary and university level. Discover new linguistic landscapes where English has been modified by societal changes and new technologies. Understand the emerging role of English as an international language and the importance of diverse perspectives in English teaching. Learn about research-based practices covering topics such as intercultural awareness, pragmatics, literature study, conceptual metaphors, and utilizing visual aids. Identify ways to prepare students in non-English-dominant contexts to meet their learning objectives.

The use of literary texts in language classrooms is firmly established, but new questions arise with the transfer to remote teaching and learning. How do we teach literature online? How do learners react to being taught literature online? Will new genres emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic? Is the literary canon changing?This volume celebrates the vitality of literary and pedagogic responses to the pandemic and presents research into the phenomena observed in this evolving field. One strand of the book discusses literary outputs stimulated by the pandemic as well as past pandemics. Another strand looks at the pedagogy of engaging learners with literature online, examining learners of different ages and of different proficiency levels and different educational backgrounds, including teacher education. Finally, a third strand looks at the affordances of various technologies for teaching online and the way they interact with literature and with language learning. The contributions in this volume take literature teaching online away from static lecturing strategies, present numerous options for online teaching, and provide research-based grounding for the implementation of these pedagogies.

This book is a selection of writings on Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari's philosophy and its connection with language learning. The authors are global experts in the field of language learning and schizoanalysis and have been collaborating on projects concerning Deleuze and Guattari for over two decades. They are the only scholars who have consistently applied Deleuze and Guattari to language learning. In addition to lecturing and co-writing on this topic, they have been working on projects concerning social ecology and the Anthropocene across the globe. This book attempts to put their multifaceted writings on language learning and teaching into systematic order. Bradley and Cole offer a thoughtful and timely look at the intersections between the abstraction of philosophical theory and the pragmatic reality of language learning. As such, this book introduces the philosophy of Deleuze and Guattari and its use in the field of language learning in the tertiary education sector and elsewhere.The authors demonstrate how Deleuze and Guattari inform language learning and teaching in creative, unpredictable, and sometimes rupturing ways. The book introduces empirical research from Australia, Canada, the United States, and Japan that combines Deleuze's thought, literacies and multiliteracies theory to explain how students frequently have breakthroughs but, more often than not, have breakdowns in language learning. This book argues that the Deleuze and Guattari philosophical approach endeavours to understand the relationships between literacy, the literary, and literature use, and it extends multiliteracies into the multiple literacies theory of affect to develop an understanding of the complexities of learning – its breakdowns and hopefully its breakthroughs.

Digitalisierung und virtuelle Lernräume erschließen neue Möglichkeiten für denFremdsprachenunterricht. Welches Verständnis von virtuellen Sprachlernräumenaber haben wir? Sind digitale Wörterbücher und Korpora Lernräume? Was ist derUnterschied zu Tools, die Zugang zu Räumen und Diskursen ermöglichen? Wie isteine diesbezügliche Lernortdidaktik zu konzipieren? Dieser Band versucht eineBegriffsklärung und Systematisierung des Digitalen und Virtuellen. Er spanntaber auch den Bogen zu konkreten Lehrkonzepten für den Umgang mit demsich beständig erweiternden Gegenstandsbereich. Erste empirische Studienrunden die Betrachtung dieses wachsenden Forschungsfeldes ab. In elf Beiträgenstellen 15 Autor:innen ihre aktuelle Forschung zu Englisch und Deutsch alsFremdsprache vor.

Designed for pre-service and novice teachers in ELT, What English Language Teachers Need to Know Volumes I, II, and III are companion textbooks organized around the key question: What do teachers need to know and be able to do in order to help their students to learn English?Thoroughly revised and updated, the second edition of Volume III explores the contexts for ELT curricula; explains key processes in curriculum design; and sets out approaches to curricula that are linguistic-based, content-based, learner centered, and learning centered. Organized around the three pillars of teaching—planning, instructing, and assessing—chapters in the second edition are updated to include current research and theory to meet the needs of today's teachers, and feature new or revised vignettes and activities. New chapters help teachers understand both the technological and multilingual approaches that learners need to succeed today. The comprehensive texts of this series are suitable resources for teachers across different contexts—where English is the dominant language, an official language, or a foreign language; for different levels—elementary/primary, secondary, university, or adult education; and for different learning purposes—general English, workplace English, English for academic purposes, or English for specific purposes.

Written by experts in the field, this book explains the principles of effective vocabulary instruction for the modern language classroom. While many language classrooms rely on practices which can be outdated, idiosyncratic or ill-advised, this book overviews the research and background necessary to successfully integrate vocabulary instruction into the curriculum in a systematic way. Starting with the common gaps in vocabulary instruction, Milton and Hopwood demonstrate how students'development of a large, communicative lexicon, with an understanding of word structure and collocations, is an essential component of language instruction.The book addresses goal setting, curriculum design, word selection, how words are learned, learning in and outside of the classroom and more. It also addresses common myths about teaching vocabulary in the United Kingdom and around the world. This comprehensive text fills an important gap in the literature and is ideal for undergraduate and postgraduate courses in world language/foreign language methods and language methods courses.

Cultivating motivation is crucial to a language learner's success – and therefore crucial for the language teacher and researcher to understand. The third edition of Teaching and Researching Motivation reflects the dramatic changes in the field of motivation research. With an increased emphasis on dynamic perspectives on motivation and its relations with other individual, social and contextual factors, this book offers ways in which advances in the field can be put to practical use in the classroom and in research.Key new features and material: exploration of the motivation to learn languages other than English (LOTEs); principles for designing L2 motivational studies; discussion of emerging areas of research, including unconscious motivation and language learning mindsets. Providing a clear and comprehensive theory-driven account of motivation, Teaching and Researching Motivation examines how theoretical insights can be used in everyday teaching practice. The final section provides a range of useful resources, including relevant websites, key reference works and an online repository of tools and instruments for researching language learning motivation. Fully revised by pre-eminent researchers in this field, Zoltán Dörnyei and Ema Ushioda, this is an invaluable resource for teachers and researchers alike.

Providing a much-needed critical synthesis of research on teaching vocabulary and grammar to students of a second or foreign language, this book puts the research into perspective in order to distil recommendations for language teaching. Boers evaluates a comprehensive range of both well-established and lesser-known research strands and classroom practices to draw out the most effective instructional approaches to teaching words, multiword expressions and grammar patterns. Chapters discuss learning as a by-product of communicative activities, language-focused instruction, diverse types of exercises, mnemonic techniques and more, with a view to building bridges between the available research on such instructional approaches and how they are commonly implemented in actual language courses and textbooks. This book helps teachers make research-informed decisions regarding their instructional approaches to words, phrases and patterns, and direct researchers to specific areas in need of further inquiry. Boers not only demonstrates how research findings can inform effective teaching, but also calls for a deeper appreciation on the part of researchers of the realities of the teaching profession, making this a worthwhile text for preservice teachers, teacher educators, graduate students and scholars.

Das Konzept der Lernerzentrierung spielt bereits mehrere Jahrzehnte eine entscheidende Rolle in der Theoriebildung von Lehren und Lernen fremder Sprachen. Nichtsdestotrotz stehen die Lernenden mit ihren Erfahrungen, Bedürfnissen, Einschätzungen, Lernvoraussetzungen, wie auch individuellen Lernstadien noch relativ selten im Zentrum der interdisziplinär-integrativen empirischen Forschung. Das Ziel des vorliegenden Bandes ist es, zu einer stärkeren Personalisierung des Fremdsprachenunterrichts beizutragen, indem auf die Relevanz der fachübergreifenden Forschungen hingewiesen wird. Den Beiträgen liegt die Überzeugung zugrunde, dass das Heranziehen anderer Perspektiven und außendisziplinärer Betrachtungen eine stärker differenzierte und realistische Auffassung von Sprachenlernenden ermöglichen kann.

Now in its fifth edition, the award-winning How Languages are Learned has established itself as an indispensable introduction to research in language acquisition and its relationship with classroom practice. Patsy Lightbown and Nina Spada have worked for over four decades in second language research and education. They are highly respected worldwide for making theory and research about language learning accessible and relevant to classroom teaching. This widely acclaimed book remains essential reading for second language teachers. • Updated content highlights the latest research into second language learning and its relevance to classroom practice • Activities and questions for reflection personalize content and support critical thinking • Chapter summaries, discussion questions, weblinks and supplementary activities are available online at www.oup.com/elt/teacher/hlal

Bringing together sociolinguistic, linguistic, and educational perspectives, this cutting‐edge overview of codeswitching examines language mixing in teaching and learning in bilingual classrooms. As interest in pedagogical applications of bilingual language mixing increases, so too does a need for a thorough discussion of the topic. This volume serves that need by providing an original and wide-ranging discussion of theoretical, pedagogical, and policy‐related issues and obstacles in classroom settings—the pedagogical consequences of codeswitching for teaching and learning of language and content in one‐way and two‐way bilingual classrooms.Part I provides an introduction to (socio)linguistic and pedagogical contributions to scholarship in the field, both historical and contemporary. Part II focuses on codeswitching in teaching and learning, and addresses a range of pedagogical challenges to language mixing in a variety of contexts, such as literacy and mathematics instruction. Part III looks at language ideology and language policy to explore how students navigate educational spaces and negotiate their identities in the face of competing language ideologies and assumptions. This volume breaks new ground and serves as an important contribution on codeswitching for scholars, researchers, and teacher educators of language education, multilingualism, and applied linguistics.

Designed for pre-service and novice teachers in ELT, What English Language Teachers Need to Know Volumes I, II, and III are companion textbooks organized around the key question: What do teachers need to know and be able to do in order to help their students to learn English? In the Second Edition of Volume II, Murray and Christison return to this essential question and cover the three main facets of teaching: planning, instructing, and assessing L2 English instruction. Addressing new skills and strategies that ESL and EFL teachers require to meet the needs of their shifting student populations who are impacted by changing demographics, different learning contexts, and digital environments, this book offers a strong emphasis on practical applications for classroom teaching that is grounded in current research. This updated and expanded Second Edition features: a new section on teacher learning, including a chapter on exploring digital technologies in ELT new and updated classroom examples throughout discussions of how teachers can prepare for contemporary challenges, such as population mobility and globalization. The comprehensive texts work for teachers across different contexts—where English is the dominant language, an official language, or a foreign language; for different levels—elementary/primary, secondary, university, or adult education; and for different learning purposes—general English, workplace English, English for academic purposes, or English for specific purposes.

This volume is focused on the teaching and acquisition of language for special, professional or general purposes, as well as the needs and challenges associated with foreign language pedagogy in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) or, more generally, Language for Specific Purposes (LSP). It presents innovative methodology and technology-integrated approaches that will serve to benefit teacher development and assist language practitioners in enhancing student investment and motivation. A pragmatic tool for utilization at the local level, this collection provides an international panorama of language pedagogy that is of great use to both junior and senior researchers. It will also serve as a source of inspiration for future and seasoned language practitioners and in-service teacher educators.

This volume highlights some of the main issues and questions surrounding the field of second language (L2) writing, and includes 14 chapters authored by contributors from a wide variety of geographical regions including, but not limited to, North America, Europe, Australia, and Asia. The authors are all experienced L2 writing researchers, and their contributions will enhance the reader's understanding of issues related to L2 writing. Considering the breadth and the depth of the issues raised and discussed, the book will appeal to a wide readership, including postgraduate students of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) and Applied Linguistics (AL), and both early-career and experienced TESOL/AL researchers.

In this thought-provoking book, Ema Ushioda asks why we research language learning motivation, whose interests the research serves, and who ultimately benefits. Examining the major theoretical and research developments in this vibrant field from its origins to the present day, the author interrogates the goals and values driving academic inquiry, and argues for a more socially conscious and socially responsive orientation to researching language learning motivation. The book challenges this research field to contribute to critical movements in applied linguistics to address globally and locally relevant societal issues where language and motivation matter. “Ema Ushioda's compelling, authoritative and timely book re-writes the story of L2 motivation research through the ethical lens. Her probing reflection is not meant to soothe but to ask difficult questions about why we research and for whom. It is impossible to imagine future L2 motivation scholarship that does not treat them seriously.” Maggie Kubanyiova, Professor of Language Education, University of Leeds Ema Ushioda is a Professor and Head of the Department of Applied Linguistics at the University of Warwick Oxford Applied Linguistics Series Advisers: Anne Burns and Diane Larsen-Freeman

Sie haben Kontakt zu internationalen Geschäftspartnern, doch wenn Sie mit ihnen auf Englisch kommunizieren, fehlen Ihnen die (richtigen) Worte? Damit sind Sie nicht allein. Auch wenn die Schulzeit bei manchen noch nicht allzu weit zurückliegt, fällt es vielen schwer, auf Englisch zu telefonieren, Geschäftsbriefe oder E-Mails zu schreiben, sich in Meetings oder Verhandlungen verständlich auszudrücken oder auch Small Talk zu führen. Mit »Business Englisch für Dummies« lernen Sie anhand praxisorientierter Beispiele, sich verständlich auszudrücken und auf der internationalen Bühne eine gute Figur zu machen.

The author leads us on a journey of his years teaching additional languages through the use of performing arts. Drama, theater games, music, and other performance activities promote language use in authentic and engaging ways that differ from typical classroom activities and allow the language learners to have fun as they solve challenges in the target language. Drawing on the work of Lev Vygotsky and Sociocultural Theory, he demonstrates how learning is social and how learners create their knowledge by working with each other. Drama and creative arts are a powerful means for teaching and learning language because of the emotional support and encouragement it entails. He shows how performing arts engage learners intellectually, physically, and emotionally while offering supports and scaffolds that lead to powerful learning outcomes. He has effectively used these techniques with children and adults both at home and abroad in many different cultures and settings and argues that anyone can use these learning strategies to augment their teaching.

Evidence-Based Second Language Pedagogy is a cutting-edge collection of empirical research conducted by top scholars focusing on instructed second language acquisition (ISLA) and offering a direct contribution to second language pedagogy by closing the gap between research and practice. Building on the conceptual, state-of-the-art chapters in The Routledge Handbook of Instructed Second Language Acquisition (2017), studies in this volume are organized according to the key components of ISLA: types of instruction, learning processes, learning outcomes, and learner and teacher psychology. The volume responds to pedagogical needs in different L2 teaching and learning settings by including a variety of theoretical frameworks (sociological, psychological, sociocultural, and cognitive), methodologies (qualitative and quantitative), target languages (English, Spanish, and Mandarin), modes of instruction (face-to-face and computer-mediated), targets of instruction (speaking, writing, listening, motivation, and professional development), and instructional settings (second language, foreign language, and heritage language). A novel synthesis of research in the rapidly growing field of ISLA that also covers effective research-based teaching strategies, Evidence-Based Second Language Pedagogy is the ideal resource for researchers, practitioners, and graduate students in SLA, applied linguistics, and TESOL.

Noticing Oral Corrective Feedback in the Second Language Classroom: Background and Evidence contributes to the accumulated knowledge regarding the noticeability of corrective feedback (corrective responses to learner ill-formed productions) in the field of second language teaching and learning. The book provides a comprehensive overview of research into the role of noticing of form, details several original studies on the phenomenon, and outlines language teaching plans and strategies to augment noticing of errors in the language classroom. This volume will appeal to researchers and graduate students of applied linguistics as well as to language teachers and teacher educators interested in furthering their understanding and knowledge of this important area of second language acquisition and education.

Educators working with English learners face challenges beyond teaching academic content in languages new to the students. The added layer of problem-solving for students who may have exceptional needs and providing the appropriate support can be a complex process that involves careful decision making. This book provides a discussion of strengths-based and deficit-based mindsets, collaborative problem-solving, and universal supports for curriculum access. Discover the importance of problem-solving processes at all levels, inclusive approaches to education, and a commitment to appropriate special education identification. Each chapter includes vignettes, discussion of key concepts, practical approaches and strategies, and reflection or discussion questions. Explore the topics of a strengths-based approach to considering English learners, their abilities, and needs; policies that affect English learners and how they intersect in day-to-day practice; structures present in responsive, culturally sustaining schools and classrooms; targeted supports and response-to-intervention practices for English learners with academic or behavioral needs; recommended assessment and identification practices for English learners; and more!••This title also includes a companion website with online resources.••

How does English for specific purposes (ESP) differ from English for general purposes? Explore the key features of ESP and the important role of students in this type of language learning. Learn the different types of ESP, various materials that can be incorporated into a course, and the roles of teachers and students. Read about four key topics within ESP: needs analysis, genre, specialized vocabulary, and corpus linguistics. The authors provide questions to guide reflection on the applicability of the concepts reviewed to see how it fits into your classroom.

Conventional metaphorical expressions are widely used by native speakers in everyday language and have received extensive attention in theoretical semantics and cognitive linguistics. However, how a second language learner can acquire those expressions is left largely unknown. Researchers and language learners face the question: if one has acquired the literal meaning of a word, can they automatically derive the metaphorical meaning? This book provides the answer by placing the question of acquisition of metaphorical expressions in the framework of bilingual lexicon. Assessing whether metaphorical expressions are taken for granted by second language learners, it explores how the metaphorical meaning(s) of a word should be connected in a learner's mental lexicon, and how the cross-linguistic availability of a metaphorical expression could affect the outcome of acquisition of that expression. The book also provides a detailed comparison between metaphorical expressions and other figurative language from both the theoretical and experimental perspectives.

Designed for pre-service teachers and teachers new to the field of ELT, What English Teachers Need to Know Volumes I, II, and III are companion textbooks organized around the key question: What do teachers need to know and be able to do in order for their students to learn English? In the Second Edition of Volume I, Murray and Christison return to this essential question and call attention to emerging trends and challenges affecting the contemporary classroom. Addressing new skills and strategies that EFL teachers require to meet the needs of their shifting student populations who are impacted by changing demographics, digital environments, and globalization, this book, which is grounded in current research, offers a strong emphasis on practical applications for classroom teaching. This updated and expanded Second Edition features: a new chapter on technology in TESOL new and updated classroom examples throughout discussions of how teachers can prepare for contemporary challenges, such as population mobility and globalization The comprehensive texts work for teachers across different contexts—where English is the dominant language, an official language, or a foreign language; for different levels—elementary/primary, secondary, university, or adult education; and for different learning purposes—general English, workplace English, English for academic purposes, or English for specific purposes.

Una de las destrezas que constituyen el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera (L2) es la comprensión lectora. Este libro analiza y estudia factores individuales que podrían afectar a la misma, como la familiaridad con el contenido, el interés en el tema, el género del lector y su nivel de competencia en L2, así como dos tareas de evaluación: immediate written recall, o reproducción de información del texto, y multiple choice. La lectura en general, la lectura de L2 en particular, y los modelos de lectura, hasta llegar al de Bernhardt (2005, 2010), constituyen los cimientos de la investigación. A partir de los mismos, se analizan los factores del lector y los tipos de prueba mencionados, y se reseñan una serie de estudios empíricos sobre los mismos. Finalmente, los autores dan cuenta de la investigación que llevan a cabo con el fin de medir la influencia que dichas variables pueden ejercer sobre la comprensión lectora de L2.

Claire Kramsch and Lihua Zhang use an ecological approach and a complexity thought model to examine the identities, experiences, and practices of foreign language teachers as native or non-native speakers, multilingual instructors, and professional educators. What is their sense of legitimacy? How do they bridge the historical and cultural gaps between them and their students? What stories do they share in the classroom? Which do they not share? How do they view their ethical responsibility? Drawing on primary research with teachers at the college level in the US, the book explores some of the key issues related to teaching languages in an era of increasing global mobility, institutional control, and educational uncertainty. “In this landmark publication, Kramsch and Zhang show us the challenges facing the multilingual instructor and the importance of understanding their experiences in order to improve the quality of teaching and learning as transformative practices. The ecological framework provides a very useful model for future studies, while the attention to the ethical role of the multilingual instructor is a timely reminder to us all.” Li Wei, Chair of Applied Linguistics, UCL Institute of Education, University College London Claire Kramsch is Emerita Professor of German and Professor of the Graduate School of Education at University of California, Berkeley Lihua Zhang is Lecturer of Chinese and Chinese Language Program Coordinator at University of California, Berkeley Oxford Applied Linguistics Series Advisers: Anne Burns and Diane Larsen-Freeman

Why are so many teachers around the world moving toward adopting task-based language teaching? This teacher-friendly guide to understanding and implementing task-based language teaching (TBLT) provides a brief and clear introduction to the key elements of TBLT and highlights practical guidelines for teachers. Read about the essential pedagogical implications presented in the latest research. Discover the rationale for using TBLT, its key principles, and different approaches. Learn the structure of a task-based curriculum, how to evaluate tasks, and how to set assessment goals. Finally, reflect on the strengths and challenges of implementing TBLT and see if it could work for your classroom!

Project-Based Learning will improve your students'language and critical thinking skills. Challenge your students and create a collaborative classroom environment with project-based learning. This book offers teachers an overview of project-based learning, implementation examples, and strategies for overcoming challenges. Explore the benefits of using project-based learning with English language learners and learn techniques for every step of the lesson, from rubric design to assessments and reflection. Discover how to create an enriching teaching and learning experience for you and your students!

Im Verlaufe jedes Fremdsprachenlernens kommen Lernende immer wieder an die Grenzen ihrer Ausdrucksfähigkeit und müssen sich mit sprachlichen Strategien behelfen, um das von anderen Gesagte in der Fremdsprache zu verstehen und um sich ausdrücken zu können. Im Rahmen des Projekts Filière bilingue (FiBi), welches reziprok-immersiven Unterricht in der zweisprachigen Stadt Biel/Bienne (Schweiz) anbietet, werden die deutsch- und französischsprachigen Kinder von Anfang an mit beiden Sprachen konfrontiert. Die Kommunikationsstrategien sind demzufolge fester Bestandteil der Gespräche sowohl zwischen den Schülerinnnen und Schülern als auch zwischen den Lernenden und der Lehrperson. Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit untersucht das kommunikationsstrategische Verhalten von acht Mädchen über vier Jahre, vom Kindergarten bis zur zweiten Klasse der Primarschule. Aus der Datenanalyse entstand eine Kategorisierung von zehn Kommunikationsstrategien. Die Untersuchung hat gezeigt, dass sich die Kommunikationsstrategien der Kinder mit zunehmender Zielsprachenkompetenz in Bezug auf die Komplexität, die Vielfalt bzw. Häufigkeit, die Kombination mit anderen Kommunikationsstrategien, die bewusste Anwendung und die Funktion entwickeln.

Dem institutionalisierten Fremdsprachenunterricht kommt die Verantwortung zu, Veränderungen der kulturellen Landschaft Rechnung zu tragen, weshalb im Rahmen der Studie untersucht wird, welche kulturdidaktischen Konzepte aktuellen Lehrbuchreihen für den Englischunterricht der Sekundarstufe I zugrunde liegen. Ausgehend von einer Progression von der räumlichen und sozialen Nähe zu globalen Themen werden Inhalte, Darstellungsweisen und Verfahren einer umfassenden lehrwerkkritischen Analyse unterzogen. Dabei werden neben etablierten interkulturellen Zielsetzungen auch Ergänzungen durch transkulturelle Lerninhalte einbezogen, die sukzessive über die didaktische Diskussion Einfluss auf Regelwerke und Lernmaterial nehmen. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse geben Aufschluss über den Anstoß interkultureller Lernprozesse, die inhalts- und lerneradäquate Aufbereitung kultureller Themenbereiche sowie Anschlussmöglichkeiten für transkulturelles Lernen. In der Folge kann die Studie einen Beitrag zur Entstehung einer neuen Lehrbuchgeneration leisten, die ein plurales, heterogenes und hybrides Kulturverständnis transportiert.

This book explores key issues in course management and provides an essential toolkit of practical and effective strategies for creating a positive teaching and learning environment.

This guide to vocabulary acquisition is essential reading for teachers of English as a second or foreign language. It presents the major ideas and principles that relate to the teaching and learning of vocabulary and evaluates a wide range of practical activities designed to help boost students'vocabulary acquisition. Key questions which are answered include: • How many words should students learn at a time, and how often? • How much classroom time should be spent teaching vocabulary? • What is the best way to group vocabulary for learning? • Is it useful to provide students with the L1 translations of unknown words? • Why do some students make greater progress than others? stuart webb is Professor in Applied Linguistics at the University of Western Ontario, Canada. paul nation is Emeritus Professor in Applied Linguistics at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. Teachers will find answers to many of their perennial questions about vocabulary learning—as well as some they had not yet thought to ask! There is research evidence to support established practices, but also new evidence that challenges old ideas. patsy lightbown (co-author of How Languages are Learned, with Nina Spada)

This book informs and encourages aspiring lecturers and teaching staff in Modern Languages who prepare students for using their language skills in and out of the classroom. Drawing on pedagogical, psychological and language-specific concepts of learning, the book illustrates how such concepts can enhance students'experience of transitioning from school to university to residence abroad, and beyond. A key feature of the study is an investigation of students'fragility as they transition from school to university and, only two years later, from their home institution to their placements abroad. Interventions intended to «teach» transition are shown to be unsuccessful, as the learning through such interventions tends to remain superficial. First-year students are shown to benefit from trust-building between students and teachers and early networking among their peers to build self-confidence. In contrast, prior to studying abroad students benefit more from intercultural awareness training, including linguistic, cultural, social, academic and/or emotional aspects. The book serves as a useful basis for discussion in Modern Languages departments about curriculum change and university policy with regard to resourcing the Humanities.

800+ WORDS TO HELP YOU EXCEL ON THE TEST OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE!• Boost your knowledge for the Reading and Listening sections• Master pronunciation and be ready for the Speaking section• Test yourself with 70+ quizzes throughout the bookImproving your vocabulary is one of the most important steps you can take to feel more confident about the Test of English as a Foreign Language. The Princeton Review's TOEFL Power Vocabulary has the words, tools, and strategies you need to help boost your comprehension levels and improve your score, including:• 800+ frequently-appearing TOEFL exam words • In-context examples and secondary definitions that help focus your study sessions• Mnemonic devices and root guidelines that expand your vocabulary• Brief vocab sections that break down content and let you work at your own pace• Quick quizzes with varied drills (definitions, word pairs, synonyms, antonyms, and more) to help cement your knowledge• Final drill section at the end of the book so you can assess your progress

This monograph aims to stimulate thinking and increase consciousness about the cultural dimension of foreign language teaching.　The author draws from the theoretical framework of Schmidt's «ABCs of Cultural Understanding and Communication» (Schmidt, 1998; Schmidt & Finkbeiner, 2006) to support and advocate for expanding awareness in relation to the influence of culture on the perception of self and other. She interrogates how language learners acquire interpretative skills to gain a deeper reflexive understanding of different cultures and how electronic communication can be effectively utilised in teaching for intercultural learning. Learning how to interrogate diverse cultural practices using multiple cultural frameworks has been shown to facilitate authentic engagement with the complexities of diverse pluralistic societies. This qualitative research study explores how culture can be taught in the foreign language classroom and school setting.

Bringing together current research, analysis, and discussion of the role of corrective feedback in second language teaching and learning, this volume bridges the gap between research and pedagogy by identifying principles of effective feedback strategies and how to use them successfully in classroom instruction. By synthesizing recent works on a range of related themes and topics in this area and integrating them into a single volume, it provides a valuable resource for researchers, graduate students, teachers, and teacher educators in various contexts who seek to enhance their skills and to further their understanding in this key area of second language education.

This book provides teachers with an entirely new approach to developing and using classroom-based language assessments. This approach is based on current theory and practice in the field of language assessment and on an understanding of the assessment needs of classroom teachers. The following key questions are addressed: • Why do I need to assess? What beneficial consequences do I want to help bring about? How can my assessments help my students learn better and help me improve my teaching? • When and how often do I need to assess? What decisions do I need to make to help bring about these beneficial consequences? • What do I need to assess? How can I define the abilities that I want to assess? • How can I assess my students? What kinds of assessment tasks should I create? How can I score my students'responses to these tasks? The authors guide the reader step-by-step through the process of developing and using classroom-based assessments with clear explanations and definitions of key terms, illustrative examples, and activities for applying the approach in practice. Extra resources are available on the website: www.oup.com/elt/teacher/lact Lyle Bachman is Professor Emeritus of Applied Linguistics at the University of California, Los Angeles. He serves as a consultant in language testing research projects and in developing language assessments for universities and government agencies around the world, and he conducts courses and training workshops in language assessment. Barbara Damböck was Director of Studies of the English Department at the Teacher Training Academy in Dillingen, Germany, from 2003 to 2011. From 2003 to 2017 she supervised the training of oral examiners for the certification examination for elementary school English teachers in Bavaria. She has extensive experience as a classroom teacher, teacher trainer, and teacher of teacher trainers. She conducts courses and workshops for teachers and teacher trainers around the world.

Taking a Vygotskian sociocultural stance, this book demonstrates the meaningful role that L2 teacher educators and L2 teacher education play in the professional development of L2 teachers through systematic, intentional, goal-directed, theorized L2 teacher education pedagogy. The message is resoundingly clear: Teacher education matters! It empirically documents the ways in which engagement in the practices of L2 teacher education shape how teachers come to think about and enact their teaching within the sociocultural contexts of their learning-to-teach experiences. Providing an insider's look at L2 teacher education pedagogy, it offers a close up look at teacher educators who are skilled at moving L2 teachers toward more theoretically and pedagogically sound instructional practices and greater levels of professional expertise.First, the theoretical foundation and educational rationale for exploring what happens inside the practices of L2 teacher education are established. These theoretical concepts are then used to conduct microgenetic analyses of the moment-to-moment, asynchronous, and at-a-distance dialogic interactions that take place in five distinct but sometimes overlapping practices that the authors have designed, repeatedly implemented, and subsequently collected data on in their own L2 teacher education programs. Responsive mediation is positioned as the nexus of mindful L2 teacher education and proposed as a psychological tool for teacher educators to both examine and inform the ways in which they design, enact, and assess the consequences of their own L2 teacher education pedagogy.

This book offers a new methodological framework for the CLIL classroom, focusing on how to guide input and support output. Full of real-life examples and practical guidelines, the book provides support to both novice and experienced CLIL teachers. Areas covered include: the language used in CLIL; CLIL teacher training; materials design for CLIL; assessment in CLIL. Extra resources are available on the website: www.oup.com/elt/teacher/clil Phil Ball is a CLIL author and teacher trainer based in northern Spain. Keith Kelly is a writer and speaker on CLIL worldwide, and is based in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. John Clegg is a textbook author and CLIL consultant based in London.

Die englischen Verben haben es in sich. Wann wird ein -s angehängt und wann ein -ed? Wie war das noch mal mit if und would? Und welche Unterschiede bei den Verben gibt es zwischen britischem und amerikanischem Englisch? Lars Blöhdorn macht es Ihnen leicht, dort einzusteigen, wo es für Sie die größten Stolpersteine gibt. Leicht verständlich und mit der üblichen Prise Humor erläutert er die Bildung von Zeiten, Konditionalsätzen, Passivformen und indirekter Rede. Und schon verlieren diese grammatischen Ungetüme ihren Schrecken. Sie erfahren, wie Sie zusammengesetzte Verben richtig verwenden, welche idiomatischen Ausdrücke Sie kennen sollten, wie neue Verben gebildet werden und was in der Alltagssprache wichtig ist. Dank der Übungen am Ende eines jeden Kapitels können Sie Ihre Lernfortschritte schnell überprüfen.