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This edited book breaks new ground by bringing together research on inner and territorial exile in the context of National Socialism in Germany and the Franco regime in Spain, and in proposing an integrated model of exilic cultural production. Original contributions explore previously neglected aspects of the inner and territorial exile cultures, focusing on the specificity of the national settings (including Catalonia) whilst also seeking to place research findings within a conceptual framework of exile which views the experiences and cultural manifestations of inner and territorial exiles not as polar opposites, but as interactions of response to fascist dictatorship. This book will be of interest to scholars and students of German Studies, Hispanic Studies, comparative literary and cultural studies, and modern history more broadly.

Die Debatte über gender-inklusiven Sprachgebrauch wird in der Wissenschaft wie in der Gesellschaft kontrovers geführt. Dabei werden kognitive Aspekte häufig vernachlässigt; dies gilt in besonderem Ausmaß für das Spanische, wo die Interpretation „generischer“ Maskulina und gender-inklusiver Formen der Personenbezeichnung aus psycholinguistischer Perspektive praktisch nicht erforscht ist. Die vorliegende Arbeit leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag, um diese Forschungslücke zu schließen und die eher theoretisch und z.T. ideologisch geprägte Debatte auf eine empirische Basis zu stellen. Mithilfe eines innovativen Versuchsaufbaus, der auch nicht-binäre Personenbezeichnungsformen berücksichtigt, untersucht sie, welche Assoziationen „generische“ Maskulina sowie alternative, gender-inklusive Formen hervorrufen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass „generische“ Maskulina oft mit einem male bias interpretiert werden, das in einigen Fällen durch gender-inklusive Formen reduziert oder beseitigt werden kann. Die Ergebnisse geben außerdem Hinweise auf eine Dynamik, die in der Forschung bislang kaum diskutiert wird: Womöglich gehen gerade eine zunehmende Thematisierung und Umsetzung gender-inklusiven Sprachgebrauchs damit einher, dass „generische“ Maskulina immer weniger generisch interpretiert werden, gender-inklusive Personenbezeichnungsformen hingegen immer stärker.

This manual provides a detailed presentation of the various Romance languages as they appear in texts written by Jews, mostly using the Hebrew alphabet. It gives a comprehensive overview of the Jews and the Romance languages in the Middle Ages (part I), as well as after the expulsions (part II). These sections are dedicated to Judaeo-Romance texts and linguistic traditions mainly from Italy, northern and southern France (French and Occitan), and the Iberian Peninsula (Catalan, Spanish, Portuguese). The Judaeo-Spanish varieties of the 20th and 21st centuries are discussed in a separate section (part III), due to the fact that Judaeo-Spanish can be considered an independent language. This section includes detailed descriptions of its phonetics/phonology, morphology, lexicon, and syntax.

Le thème de globalisation communicationnelle continue d'inspirer. Nous nous proposons à la lumière des événements géopolitiques, sociolinguistiques, géolinguistiques récents de revenir sur ce sujet qui est devenu plus que jamais actuel et surtout va dans une direction qui nous surprend, nous interpelle, nous fait réfléchir. Cet ouvrage fait part de ces échanges et réflexions. Pour décrire ce réel de globalisation, pour constater si l'anglais lingua franca est l'instrument d'unification, quelle est l'importance accordée à l'aspect purement pragmatique de la langue face à ses subtilités sémantiques ; stylistiques et discursives, quels sont les enjeux linguistiques, quels sont les nouveaux défis de la traduction et de la didactique des langues étrangères? Dans cette perspective, la globalisation est un phénomène complexe qui appelle une étude pluridimensionnelle, pluridisciplinaire ; interdisciplinaire et transdisciplinaire.

Der Band beschäftigt sich mit der bereits langjährig diagnostizierten Krise des Französischunterrichts. Hauptanliegen ist eine Beschreibung dessen, was von Akteuren und Akteurinnen als krisenhaft wahrgenommen wird und wie dadurch die Konstatierung der Krise zustande kommt. Die zwölf Beiträge fokussieren dabei Studierende der Frankoromanistik als zukünftige Französischlehrkräfte. Alle Arbeiten stellen empirische Forschungsprojekte vor. Diese umfassen sowohl Forschung von Studierenden, Forschung mit Studierenden sowie Forschung über Studierende.

Dieser Band befasst sich mit Praxisphasen im Lehramtsstudium. Die Studie macht nachvollziehbar, wie angehende Französischlehrerinnen und ‑lehrer Unterricht in Praxisphasen des Studiums wahrnehmen und reflektieren. Dabei gilt das Interesse spezifisch fremdsprachendidaktischen Reflexionen, die bislang kaum empirisch untersucht wurden. Mit der Methode der Qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse werden Interviews mit knapp zwanzig Studierenden der Romanistik im Praktikum ausgewertet. Die fachbezogenen Reflexionsprozesse der Praktikantinnen und Praktikanten werden hinsichtlich verschiedener Arten von Reflexion beschrieben und unter dem Begriff der Interimsdidaktik systematisiert. Dabei handelt es sich um ein dynamisches und situatives Wissenssystem, das Aufschluss über handlungsleitende Repräsentationen fachdidaktischen Wissens gibt und für Professionalisierungsprozesse genutzt werden kann.

This volume presents novel analyses of morphosyntax and phonology by well-known scholars in their respective fields. The book offers chapters on a range of Romance languages and dialects, including Canadian French, Standard French, Modern French, Sardinian, Sicilian, and Spanish. Other chapters focus on diachronic topics on French and Italian. The volume will be of interest to researchers looking for current research in linguistics on the Romance languages. It will also serve as a reference volume or supplemental reading for graduate students and advanced undergraduate students in linguistics.

Cet ouvrage expose les conceptions de la langue et du texte que les professionnels des médias écrits québécois ressentent comme des normes – ou des obligations à suivre – en matière de rédaction d'articles. L'étude s'appuie sur une analyse de contenu d'un corpus d'entrevues et met en lumière la perception qu'ont ces professionnels de conventions langagières et rédactionnelles établies en écriture journalistique. L'étude fournit des données complémentaires aux travaux antérieurs qui, dans le contexte des médias écrits québécois, sont généralement consacrés à l'analyse des productions réelles et non aux impératifs langagiers qui les sous-tendent. Ce travail contribue donc à une meilleure compréhension des usages que font les journalistes de la langue.

Das Buch führt am Beispiel des Französischen in die Grundbegriffe der Linguistik ein.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

The Alfonsine Tables of Toledo is for historians working in the fields of astronomy, science, the Middle Ages, Spanish and other Romance languages. It is also of interest to scholars interested in the history of Castile, in Castilian-French relations in the Middle Ages and in the history of patronage. It explores the Castilian canons of the Alfonsine Tables and offers a study of their context, language, astronomical content, and diffusion. The Alfonsine Tables of Toledo is unique in that it: includes an edition of a crucial text in history of science; provides an explanation of astronomy as it was practiced in the Middle Ages; presents abundant material on early scientific language in Castilian; presents new material on the diffusion of Alfonsine astronomy in Europe; describes the role of royal patronage of science in a medieval context.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

Johann Valentin Andrere (1586-1654) was a multi-faceted product of late­ Reformation Germany. A theologian who was firmly committed to the Lutheran confession, he could yet see very c1early the flaws in his church and argue for their reform; without being an ecumenicist in the modern sense, he yet admired many aspects of the society he observed in Calvinist Geneva, and he recognised the outstanding merit of individual Catholic scholars. A linguist and a lover of art and music, he was the friend of scientists and an enthusiastic student of mathematics whö held that science leads both to an appreciation of the wonders of the material world and its rejection in favour of more spiritual concerns. In his satirical writing he could be ironic and flippant, his rhetoric was often laboured and over­ elaborate, but there is no mistaking the sincerity of his outrage at cruelty, inhumanity and injustice. Andrere was optimistic, in that he believed that the corruption and deceit, the luxm. y and deprivation, the hypocrisy, tyranny and sophistry of the age could be transformed in a second reformation; yet there runs through his life a deep-rooted pessimism or depression which makes his willingness to continue the struggle all the more admirable. As early as 1618, while still a young deacon at the beginning of his career, he defined the four ages of l human life as terror, error, labor and horror.

claim is that such morphological processes can be learnt without symbolization and innate knowledge. See Rumelhart and McClelland (1986) for the original model of past tense acquisition, Plunkett and Marchman (1993), Nakisa, Plunkett and Hahn (1996) and Elman et al. (1996) for developments and extensions to other morphological processes, and Marcus et al. (1992) and Pinker and Prince (1988) for criticism. One line of investigation supporting the view of language as a genetic endowment is closely linked to traditional research on language acquisition and argues as follows: If language is innate there must be phenomena that should be accessible from birth in one form or the other. Thus it is clear that the language of children, especially young children and preferably babies should be investigated. As babies unfortunately don't talk, the abilities that are available from birth must be established in ways different from the usual linguistic analysis. Psycholinguistic research of the last few years has shown that at the age of 4 and 8 months and even during their first week of life children already have important language skills. From the fourth day, infants distinguish their mother tongue from other languages. From the first months children prefer the sound of speech to'other noise'. At the age of 4 months, infants prefer pauses at syntactic boundaries to random pauses.

Recent developments in linguistic theory, as well as the growing body of evidence from languages other than English, provide new opportunities for deeper explorations into how language is represented in the mind of learners. This collection of new empirical studies on the acquisition of Spanish morphosyntax by leading researchers in the field of language acquisition, specifically contributes to the characterization of the L1 / L2 connection in acquisition. Using L1 and L2 Spanish data from children and adults, the authors seek to address the central questions that have occupied developmental psycholinguists in the final decades of the previous century and that will no doubt continue engaging them into the present one.

1. 0 INTRODUCTION This book provides an encompassing analysis of Subject Clitics (SCLs) by giving a detailed description of these elements in two varieties of Piedmontese, a Northern Italian Dialect: Astigiano and Turinese spoken in the areas of Asti and Turin respectively. It accounts for the structural position and function of these elements inside the computational system and for their morphological and distributional properties. It also provides an empirical and theoretical comparison between Piedmontese SCLs and SCLs in other Northern Italian Dialects (NIDs). of SCLs types in the NIDs have been regarded as Since the 1980s, the majority elements of agreement, in that they contribute to the realisation of subject verb agreement by expressing features of the subject similar, in a way, to verbal inflection. Nonetheless, SCLs are not to be assimilated to verbal affixes as they exhibit different properties. Most distinctively, they can be separated from the verb by other clitic elements and, in the case of the varieties considered here, SCLs are optional in all contexts and may be omitted in coordination. A more refined identification of SCLs separates SCLs which encode agreement features from those which do not and are related to pragmatic factors, as originally observed by Beninca (1994) with respect to the clitic a in Paduano The different morphological and syntactic properties that characterise SCLs across the NIDs have justified numerous accounts which regard them as head of their own projection.

This analysis of language policy on Corsica provides the first study of the three levels of language policy existing on the Mediterranean island of Corsica. It focuses on the key participants - the State, the language activists and the islanders - in the language debate that has taken place across the island since its purchase by France. This book is informed by recent work on language planning, both theoretical and relating to specific case studies. At the same time, it engages with trends in sociolinguistics over the past decades, which have included language planning in their investigations of languages in contact, language obsolescence and language death. A central premise of this book is that the three discrete categories of participants in the language debate are closely interrelated and that the status and position of Corsican in relation to French cannot be understood without a thorough exploration of these three strands. This volume will appeal to researchers and students in French Studies, sociolinguistics, and especially language policy.

In her letters Mme de Staël provides a panoramic historical outlook of the European literary, cultural and political scene between 1789 and 1817, i.e. the Revolution, the Napoleonic era and the Restoration. This edition, as its French original, includes rare contemporary illustrations never published before in this connection. For this book there is no specific level of readership.

TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS is a series of books that open new perspectives in our understanding of language. The series publishes state-of-the-art work on core areas of linguistics across theoretical frameworks, as well as studies that provide new insights by approaching language from an interdisciplinary perspective. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS considers itself a forum for cutting-edge research based on solid empirical data on language in its various manifestations, including sign languages. It regards linguistic variation in its synchronic and diachronic dimensions as well as in its social contexts as important sources of insight for a better understanding of the design of linguistic systems and the ecology and evolution of language. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS publishes monographs and outstanding dissertations as well as edited volumes, which provide the opportunity to address controversial topics from different empirical and theoretical viewpoints. High quality standards are ensured through anonymous reviewing. To discuss your book idea or submit a proposal, please contact Birgit Sievert.

Available again, this book discusses nine Romance languages in context of their common Latin origins and then in individual studies. The final chapter is devoted to Romance-based Creole languages; a genuine innovation in a work of this kind.

TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS is a series of books that open new perspectives in our understanding of language. The series publishes state-of-the-art work on core areas of linguistics across theoretical frameworks, as well as studies that provide new insights by approaching language from an interdisciplinary perspective. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS considers itself a forum for cutting-edge research based on solid empirical data on language in its various manifestations, including sign languages. It regards linguistic variation in its synchronic and diachronic dimensions as well as in its social contexts as important sources of insight for a better understanding of the design of linguistic systems and the ecology and evolution of language. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS publishes monographs and outstanding dissertations as well as edited volumes, which provide the opportunity to address controversial topics from different empirical and theoretical viewpoints. High quality standards are ensured through anonymous reviewing. To discuss your book idea or submit a proposal, please contact Birgit Sievert.