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How we understand what procedure is due as a fundamental or constitutional right can have a critical impact on designing a civil procedure. Drawing on comparative law and empirically oriented methodologies, in this book the author provides a thorough analysis of how procedural due process is understood both in national jurisdictions and in the field of international human rights law.The book offers a suitable due process theory for civil matters in general, assessing the different roles that this basic international human right plays in comparison with criminal justice. In this regard, it argues that the civil justice conception of due process has grown under the shadow of criminal justice for too long. Moreover, the theory answers the question of what the basic requirements are concerning the right to a fair trial on civil matters, i.e., the question of what we can and cannot sacrifice when designing a civil procedure that correctly distributes the risk of moralharm while remaining accessible to people with complex and simple legal needs, in order to reconcile the requirements of procedural fairness with social demands for justice.This book makes a valuable contribution to the field of civil justice, legal design, and access to justice by providing an empirically based normative theory regarding the right to a fair trial. As such, it will be of interest to a broad audience: policymakers, practitioners and judges, but also researchers and scholars interested in theoretical questions in jurisprudence, and those familiar with empirical legal studies, comparative law, and other socio-legal studies.

How do ordinary people access justice? This book offers a novel socio-legal approach to access to justice, alternative dispute resolution, vulnerability and energy poverty. It poses an access to justice challenge and rethinks it through a lens that accommodates all affected people, especially those who are currently falling through the system. It raises broader questions about alternative dispute resolution, the need for reform to include more collective approaches, a stronger recognition of the needs of vulnerable people, and a stronger emphasis on delivering social justice. The authors use energy poverty as a site of vulnerability and examine the barriers to justice facing this excluded group. The book assembles the findings of an interdisciplinary research project studying access to justice and its barriers in the UK, Italy, France, Bulgaria and Spain (Catalonia). In-depth interviews with regulators, ombuds, energy companies, third-sector organisations and vulnerable people provide a rich dataset through which to understand the phenomenon. The book provides theoretical and empirical insights which shed new light on these issues and sets out new directions of inquiry for research, policy and practice. It will be of interest to researchers, students and policymakers working on access to justice, consumer vulnerability, energy poverty, and the complex intersection between these fields.The book includes contributions by Cosmo Graham (UK), Sarah Supino and Benedetta Voltaggio (Italy), Marine Cornelis (France), Anais Varo and Enric Bartlett (Catalonia) and Teodora Peneva (Bulgaria).

This book charts the difficulties encountered by vulnerable consumers in their access to justice, through the contributions of prominent authors (academic, practitioners and consultants) in the field of consumer law and access to justice. It demonstrates that despite the development of ADR, access to justice is still severely lacking for the vulnerable consumer. The book highlights that a broad understanding of access to justice, which encompasses good regulation and its public enforcement, is an essential ingredient alongside access to the mechanisms of traditional private justice (courts and ADR) to protect the vulnerable consumer. Indeed, many of the difficulties are linked to normative obstacles and lack of access to justice is primarily a vulnerability in itself that can exacerbate existing ones. In addition, because it may contribute to ‘pushing'already vulnerable consumers into social exclusion it is not simply about economic justice but also about social justice. The book shows that lack of access to justice is not irreversible nor is it necessarily linked to consumer apathy. New technologies could provide solutions. The book concludes with a plea for developing ‘inclusive'justice systems with more emphasis on public enforcement alongside effective courts systems to offer the vulnerable with adequate means to defend themselves.This book will be suitable for both students and practitioners, and all those with an interest in the justice system.

إن القواعد المتبعة في المحاكمات تهم العرف البشري أكثر من أي شيء آخر وتستطيع الإجراءات الجنائية أن تقوم اعوجاج القوانين العقابية إذا كانت فاسدة، ولكن العكس لم يشاهد في بلد من البلدان، وعليه يمكن اعتبار العلاقة بين الفرد والإجراءات الجنائية بالعلاقة الجد حساسة، إذ أن القوانين الموضوعية تضع في يد الدولة سلاحا خطرا، قد يهدد حريات الأفراد وطمأنتهم ويستعمل للانتقام والتشهير، ومن هذا المنطلق تبرز أهمية المحاكمة العادلة، حتى بعد النطق بالحكم وعلى ضوء ذلك يدور هذا الكتاب حول'حق المتهم في محاكمة عادلة : دراسة مقارنة وتطبيقية'.

Der Sicherheitsrat der Vereinten Nationen beschloss im Februar 1993 die Errichtung des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofs für das ehemalige Jugoslawien. Art. 15 des Statuts übertrug den Richtern die Ausformung der Prozeßordnung. Art. 20 Abs. 1 verpflichtet die Richter zur Gewährleistung eines fairen Verfahrens. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit eine Untersuchung der Umsetzung dieser Vorgaben bei der Konstituierung und Zusammensetzung der Richterschaft des Tribunals, seiner Vorgehensweise bei der Ausformung des Prozessrechts sowie der geschaffenen Prozessordnung.