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This book is a volume of the Springer Briefs in Mathematical Physics and serves as an introductory textbook on the theory of Macdonald polynomials. It is based on a series of online lectures given by the author at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, in February and March 2021. Macdonald polynomials are a class of symmetric orthogonal polynomials in many variables. They include important classes of special functions such as Schur functions and Hall–Littlewood polynomials and play important roles in various fields of mathematics and mathematical physics. After an overview of Schur functions, the author introduces Macdonald polynomials (of type A, in the GLn version) as eigenfunctions of a q-difference operator, called the Macdonald–Ruijsenaars operator, in the ring of symmetric polynomials. Starting from this definition, various remarkable properties of Macdonald polynomials are explained, such as orthogonality, evaluation formulas, and self-duality, with emphasis on the roles of commuting q-difference operators. The author also explains how Macdonald polynomials are formulated in the framework of affine Hecke algebras and q-Dunkl operators.

This proceedings volume gathers together original articles and survey works that originate from presentations given at the conference Transient Transcendence in Transylvania, held in Brașov, Romania, from May 13th to 17th, 2019. The conference gathered international experts from various fields of mathematics and computer science, with diverse interests and viewpoints on transcendence. The covered topics are related to algebraic and transcendental aspects of special functions and special numbers arising in algebra, combinatorics, geometry and number theory. Besides contributions on key topics from invited speakers, this volume also brings selected papers from attendees.

The book consists of articles based on the XXXVIII Białowieża Workshop on Geometric Methods in Physics, 2019. The series of Białowieża workshops, attended by a community of experts at the crossroads of mathematics and physics, is a major annual event in the field. The works in this book, based on presentations given at the workshop, are previously unpublished, at the cutting edge of current research, typically grounded in geometry and analysis, with applications to classical and quantum physics.For the past eight years, the Białowieża Workshops have been complemented by a School on Geometry and Physics, comprising series of advanced lectures for graduate students and early-career researchers. The extended abstracts of the five lecture series that were given in the eighth school are included. The unique character of the Workshop-and-School series draws on the venue, a famous historical, cultural and environmental site in the Białowieża forest, a UNESCO World Heritage Centre in the east of Poland: lectures are given in the Nature and Forest Museum and local traditions are interwoven with the scientific activities.The chapter “Toeplitz Extensions in Noncommutative Topology and Mathematical Physics” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This monograph is the first comprehensive treatment of multiplicity-free induced representations of finite groups as a generalization of finite Gelfand pairs. Up to now, researchers have been somehow reluctant to face such a problem in a general situation, and only partial results were obtained in the one-dimensional case. Here, for the first time, new interesting and important results are proved. In particular, after developing a general theory (including the study of the associated Hecke algebras and the harmonic analysis of the corresponding spherical functions), two completely new highly nontrivial and significant examples (in the setting of linear groups over finite fields) are examined in full detail. The readership ranges from graduate students to experienced researchers in Representation Theory and Harmonic Analysis.

The book consists of articles based on the XXXVII Białowieża Workshop on Geometric Methods in Physics, 2018. The series of Białowieża workshops, attended by a community of experts at the crossroads of mathematics and physics, is a major annual event in the field. This edition of the workshop featured a special session dedicated to Professor Daniel Sternheimer on the occasion of his 80th birthday. The previously unpublished papers present cutting-edge current research, typically grounded in geometry and analysis, with applications to classical and quantum physics. For the past seven years, the Białowieża Workshops have been complemented by a School on Geometry and Physics comprising a series of advanced lectures for graduate students and early-career researchers. The book also includes abstracts of the five lecture series that were given at the seventh school.

This book collects papers based on the XXXVI Białowieża Workshop on Geometric Methods in Physics, 2017. The Workshop, which attracts a community of experts active at the crossroads of mathematics and physics, represents a major annual event in the field. Based on presentations given at the Workshop, the papers gathered here are previously unpublished, at the cutting edge of current research, and primarily grounded in geometry and analysis, with applications to classical and quantum physics. In addition, a Special Session was dedicated to S. Twareque Ali, a distinguished mathematical physicist at Concordia University, Montreal, who passed away in January 2016. For the past six years, the Białowieża Workshops have been complemented by a School on Geometry and Physics, comprising a series of advanced lectures for graduate students and early-career researchers. The extended abstracts of this year's lecture series are also included here. The unique character of the Workshop-and-School series is due in part to the venue: a famous historical, cultural and environmental site in the Białowieża forest, a UNESCO World Heritage Centre in eastern Poland. Lectures are given in the Nature and Forest Museum, and local traditions are interwoven with the scientific activities.

This book is concerned with discontinuous groups of motions of the unique connected and simply connected Riemannian 3-manifold of constant curva­ ture -1, which is traditionally called hyperbolic 3-space. This space is the 3-dimensional instance of an analogous Riemannian manifold which exists uniquely in every dimension n :::: 2. The hyperbolic spaces appeared first in the work of Lobachevski in the first half of the 19th century. Very early in the last century the group of isometries of these spaces was studied by Steiner, when he looked at the group generated by the inversions in spheres. The ge­ ometries underlying the hyperbolic spaces were of fundamental importance since Lobachevski, Bolyai and Gauß had observed that they do not satisfy the axiom of parallels. Already in the classical works several concrete coordinate models of hy­ perbolic 3-space have appeared. They make explicit computations possible and also give identifications of the full group of motions or isometries withwell-known matrix groups. One such model, due to H. Poincare, is the upper 3 half-space IH in JR. The group of isometries is then identified with an exten­ sion of index 2 of the group PSL(2,

Introduction I. General remarks.................................................................. 1 II. Notations........................................................................ 5 III. Lie algebras: some basics......................................................... 8 Chapter 1 Operator calculus and Appell systems I. Boson calculus.................................................................. 17 II. Holomorphic canonical calculus.................................................. 18 III. Canonical Appell systems....................................................... 23 Chapter 2 Representations of Lie groups I. Coordinates on Lie groups....................................................... 28 II. Dual representations............................................................. 29 III. Matrix elements................................................................. 37 IV. Induced representations and homogeneous spaces................................ 40 General Appell systems Chapter 3 I. Convolution and stochastic processes............................................ 44 II. Stochastic processes on Lie groups............................................... 46 III. Appell systems on Lie groups.................................................... 49 Chapter 4 Canonical systems in several variables I. Homogeneous spaces and Cartan decompositions................................. 54 II. Induced representation and coherent states...................................... 62 III. Orthogonal polynomials in several variables...................................... 68 Chapter 5 Algebras with discrete spectrum I. Calculus on groups: review of the theory......................................... 83 II. Finite-difference algebra......................................................... 85 III. q-HW algebra and basic hypergeometric functions............................... 89 IV. su2 and Krawtchouk polynomials................................................ 93 V. e2 and Lommel polynomials.................................................... 101 Chapter 6 Nilpotent and solvable algebras I. Heisenberg algebras............................................................ 113 II. Type-H Lie algebras............................................................ 118 Vll III. Upper-triangular matrices...................................................... 125 IV. Affine and Euclidean algebras.................................................. 127 Chapter 7 Hermitian symmetric spaces I. Basic structures................................................................ 131 II. Space of rectangular matrices................

The Advanced Study Institute brought together researchers in the main areas of special functions and applications to present recent developments in the theory, review the accomplishments of past decades, and chart directions for future research. Some of the topics covered are orthogonal polynomials and special functions in one and several variables, asymptotic, continued fractions, applications to number theory, combinatorics and mathematical physics, integrable systems, harmonic analysis and quantum groups, Painlevé classification.

This book contains 33 papers from among the 41 papers presented at the Eighth International Conference on Fibonacci Numbers and Their Applications which was held at the Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, from June 22 to June 26, 1998. These papers have been selected after a careful review by well known referees in the field, and they range from elementary number theory to probability and statistics. The Fibonacci numbers and recurrence relations are their unifying bond. It is anticipated that this book, like its seven predecessors, will be useful to research workers and graduate students interested in the Fibonacci numbers and their applications. June 1, 1999 The Editor F. T. Howard Mathematics and Computer Science Wake Forest University Box 7388 Reynolda Station Winston-Salem, NC USA xvii THE ORGANIZING COMMITTEES LOCAL COMMITTEE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE Anderson, Peter G., Chairman Horadam, A. F. (Australia), Co-Chair Arpaya, Pasqual Philippou, A. N. (Cyprus), Co-Chair Biles, John Bergum, G. E. (U. S. A.) Orr, Richard Filipponi, P. (Italy) Radziszowski, Stanislaw Harborth, H. (Germany) Rich, Nelson Horibe, Y. (Japan) Howard, F. (U. S. A.) Johnson, M. (U. S. A.) Kiss, P. (Hungary) Phillips, G. M. (Scotland) Turner, J. (New Zealand) Waddill, M. E. (U. S. A.) xix LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO THE CONFERENCE AGRATINI, OCTAVIAN,'Unusual Equations in Study.'•ANDO, SHIRO, (coauthor Daihachiro Sato),'On the Generalized Binomial Coefficients Defined by Strong Divisibility Sequences.'•ANATASSOVA, VASSIA K., (coauthor J. C.

This book contains 28 research articles from among the 49 papers and abstracts presented at the Tenth International Conference on Fibonacci Numbers and Their Applications. These articles have been selected after a careful review by expert referees, and they range over many areas of mathematics. The Fibonacci numbers and recurrence relations are their unifying bond. We note that the article'Fibonacci, Vern and Dan', which follows the Introduction to this volume, is not a research paper. It is a personal reminiscence by Marjorie Bicknell-Johnson, a longtime member of the Fibonacci Association. The editor believes it will be of interest to all readers. It is anticipated that this book, like the eight predecessors, will be useful to research workers and students at all levels who are interested in the Fibonacci numbers and their applications. March 16, 2003 The Editor Fredric T. Howard Mathematics Department Wake Forest University Box 7388 Reynolda Station Winston-Salem, NC 27109 xxi THE ORGANIZING COMMITTEES LOCAL COMMITTEE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE Calvin Long, Chairman A. F. Horadam (Australia), Co-Chair Terry Crites A. N. Philippou (Cyprus), Co-Chair Steven Wilson A. Adelberg (U. S. A.) C. Cooper (U. S. A.) Jeff Rushal H. Harborth (Germany) Y. Horibe (Japan) M. Bicknell-Johnson (U. S. A.) P. Kiss (Hungary) J. Lahr (Luxembourg) G. M. Phillips (Scotland) J.'Thrner (New Zealand) xxiii xxiv LIST OF CONTRlBUTORS TO THE CONFERENCE • ADELBERG, ARNOLD,'Universal Bernoulli Polynomials and p-adic Congruences.'•AGRATINI, OCTAVIAN,'A Generalization of Durrmeyer-Type Polynomials.'BENJAMIN, ART,'Mathemagics.