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Mémoire (de fin d'études) de l'année 2020 dans le domaine Médecine - Autres, Université de Monastir, cours: Geriatrie/nutrition, langue: Français, résumé: Ce travail avait souligné l'intérêt de dépistage de la dénutrition chez la population âgée en surcharge pondérale, et avait montré qu'il parait justiciable d'apprécier la masse et la fonction musculaire et d'évaluer le statut en micronutriments sans trop se focaliser sur le calcul d'IMC. Il avait identifié aussi les principaux facteurs associés à un état nutritionnel défavorable. La dénutrition constitue l'un des principaux problèmes de santé chez la population âgée de plus de 65 ans. Nous avons mené une étude transversale descriptive, portant sur 41 patients âgés de 70 ans et plus ayant un IMC ≥25 Kg/m², dont les objectifs étaient d'évaluer son état nutritionnel selon la HAS 2007 et d'identifier les facteurs associés à la dénutrition chez cette population. Nous avons procédé à une étude analytique en comparant les patients dénutris ou à risque de dénutrition (groupe 1) à ceux ayant un état nutritionnel normal (groupe contrôle) ; afin de déterminer les facteurs associés à la dénutrition. Notre population était constituée de 22 femmes (54%) et de 19 hommes (46%). L'âge moyen était de 74,8±4 ans. 26,8% des patients étaient jugés à risque de dénutrition avec un score MNA entre 17 et 23,5, 48,8% des patients étaient dénutris et 24% des patients avaient un état nutritionnel conservé. Les sujets du groupe 1étaient significativement plus âgés par rapport au groupe contrôle ; p : 0,004. La solitude était significativement associée à un état nutritionnel défavorable (p : 0,017). Le bas niveau socioéconomique était significativement associé à la dénutrition (p : 0,012). Pas de différence significative concernant les comorbidités entre les deux groupes et le diabète était la pathologie la plus fréquente. La fréquence de chute était significativement plus élevée chez le groupe 1 (p : 0,021). Pas de différence significative concernant l'IMC entre les deux groupes, ce qui témoigne que le risque nutritionnel est beaucoup plus lié à l'altération de la composition corporelle plutôt qu'à une simple inflation de la masse grasse. Une qualité de vie plus altérée (p : 0,021), un risque de dépression plus élevé (p : 0,008), des troubles de la mémoire plus fréquents (p : 0,05), avec une dépendance et une perte de l'autonomie plus élevée (p : 0,066) chez les patients dénutris ou à risque de dénutrition.

Advances in medical genetics during the past two decades have made possible the detection and prevention of many genetic disorders and developmental disabilities. The emphasis of this book is on the application of these new developments to real-life situations. Covering homozygote newborn screening, heterozygote detection in the community, and pren

During the two years since the publication of the first edition of this book, the global spread of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has continued. HIV was estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1993 to have at least 13 million individuals worldwide, with 1 million infected infected in the United States. HIV/AIDS in the United States has become the leading cause of death among men 25 to 44 years of age and the fifth leading cause of death among women of the same age group. Prevention of HIV infection remains a global challenge. Testing for HIV is the cornerstone for surveillance and prevention programs and for the provision of appropriate medical care for those who are infected. Such testing is equally essential to the search for effective antivirus drugs and vaccines. This second edition of AIDS Testing incorporates the most current thinking on test methodology and interpretation, some of which has changed considerably over the past two years. This edition also has been expanded to include a section consisting of six chapters on test applica­ tions and a section consisting of four chapters on management issues. This edition, like the first, describes in clear terms all the complex ele­ ments of testing, including applications, scientific principles, quality assurance, safety, and medical, ethical, and legal considerations.

Within forty-eight hours after birth, the heel of every baby in the United States has been pricked and the blood sent for compulsory screening to detect or rule out a large number of disorders. Newborn screening is expanding rapidly, fueled by the prospect of saving lives. Yet many lives are also changed by it in ways not yet recognized. Testing Baby is the first book to draw on parents'experiences with newborn screening in order to examine its far-reaching sociological consequences. Rachel Grob's cautionary tale also explores the powerful ways that parents'narratives have shaped this emotionally charged policy arena. Newborn screening occurs almost always without parents'consent and often without their knowledge or understanding, yet it has the power to alter such things as family dynamics at the household level, the context of parenting, the way we manage disease identity, and how parents'interests are understood and solicited in policy debates.

More than one in six men will develop prostate cancer in their lifetime. In recent years there has been an explosion of information regarding PSA screening and biomarkers for the disease. In Prostate Cancer Screening, Second Edition, the world's leading experts on prostate cancer detection update the first edition with the latest findings. The book incorporates a series of thoughtful and cutting-edge works from the world's experts in prostate cancer screening, ranging from the current status quo of prostate cancer screening across the globe to consensus on optimal utilization of the traditional PSA and DRE tests, to cutting-edge research in new biomarkers, biomeasures, and extended risk algorithms for prostate cancer. An additional chapter covers family-based linkage analysis as well as possible pitfalls in prostate cancer biomarker evaluation studies. Timely and authoritative, Prostate Cancer Screening, Second Edition, is an essential text for urologists, oncologists and family physicians, as well as researchers in the biomarker industry who seek methods to better develop and support markers and measures of prostate cancer.

The outlook for women with breast cancer has improved in recent years. Due to the combination of improved treatments and the benefits of mammography screening, breast cancer mortality has decreased steadily since 1989. Yet breast cancer remains a major problem, second only to lung cancer as a leading cause of death from cancer for women. To date, no means to prevent breast cancer has been discovered and experience has shown that treatments are most effective when a cancer is detected early, before it has spread to other tissues. These two facts suggest that the most effective way to continue reducing the death toll from breast cancer is improved early detection and diagnosis. Building on the 2001 report Mammography and Beyond, this new book not only examines ways to improve implementation and use of new and current breast cancer detection technologies but also evaluates the need to develop tools that identify women who would benefit most from early detection screening. Saving Women's Lives: Strategies for Improving Breast Cancer Detection and Diagnosis encourages more research that integrates the development, validation, and analysis of the types of technologies in clinical practice that promote improved risk identification techniques. In this way, methods and technologies that improve detection and diagnosis can be more effectively developed and implemented.

Each year more than 180,000 new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed in women in the U.S. If cancer is detected when small and local, treatment options are less dangerous, intrusive, and costly-and more likely to lead to a cure. Yet those simple facts belie the complexity of developing and disseminating acceptable techniques for breast cancer diagnosis. Even the most exciting new technologies remain clouded with uncertainty. Mammography and Beyond provides a comprehensive and up-to-date perspective on the state of breast cancer screening and diagnosis and recommends steps for developing the most reliable breast cancer detection methods possible. This book reviews the dramatic expansion of breast cancer awareness and screening, examining the capabilities and limitations of current and emerging technologies for breast cancer detection and their effectiveness at actually reducing deaths. The committee discusses issues including national policy toward breast cancer detection, roles of public and private agencies, problems in determining the success of a technique, availability of detection methods to specific populations of women, women's experience during the detection process, cost-benefit analyses, and more. Examining current practices and specifying research and other needs, Mammography and Beyond will be an indispensable resource to policy makers, public health officials, medical practitioners, researchers, women's health advocates, and concerned women and their families.