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Relapse of leukemia following successful remission-induction therapy remains a major obstacle in the treatment of patients with acute leukemia. Leukemia recurs most frequently in patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) and high risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) following chemotherapy and less often in patients with low risk ALL and particularly in patient groups> submitted to allogeneic marrow transplantation.'It is likely that the great majority of these recurrences originate from residual leukemic cells that survive initial remission-induction chemotherapy. Today, several research groups throughout the world place emphasis on studies concerned with the detection and treatment of'minimal residual disease'(MRD). These investigations are conducted with the common objective to tackle the remaining cells.'Minimal Residual Disease in Acute Leukemia: 1986'summarizes the fast advancements in this area. Several disciplines are concerned with the analysis of leukemic cells. The perspectives of cytogenetic and molecular genetic approaches for applica­ tion in the detection of MRD are reviewed. In this respect, modern cyto­ genetics provide highly specific tumor markers. The resolution of cyto­ genetic methods can be particularly improved when combined with other techniques which select relevant subpopulations of cells. Characterization of oncogenes and gene rearrangements, including those of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes, and the measurement of gene products, have been established. Techniques based on these approaches offer interesting tools for the detection of MRD. New possibilities of employing monoclonal anti­ bodies are also presented.

The European School of Oncology came into existence to respond to a need for informa­ tion, education and training in the field of the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. There are two main reasons why such an initiative was considered necessary. Firstly, the teaching of oncology requires a rigorously multidisciplinary approach which is difficult for the Universi­ ties to put into practice since their system is mainly disciplinary orientated. Secondly, the rate of technological development that impinges on the diagnosis and treatment of cancer has been so rapid that it is not an easy task for medical faculties to adapt their curricula flexibly. With its residential courses for organ pathologies and the seminars on new techniques (laser, monoclonal antibodies, imaging techniques etc.) or on the principal therapeutic controversies (conservative or mutilating surgery, primary or adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy alone or integrated), it is the ambition of the European School of Oncology to fill a cultural and scientific gap and, thereby, create a bridge between the University and Industry and between these two and daily medical practice.