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This book provides an in-depth exploration of the biology of prostate cancer, from its cellular origins to its clinical manifestations and therapeutic options. In addition to thoroughly covering a variety of diagnostic methods, radical procedures, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and surgical techniques for prostatectomy, the book seeks to improve the understanding of the development of prostate cancer. Delving into the latest research and scientific advancements, the book starts by shedding light on the critical role of genetic susceptibility, redox signaling, apoptosis, epigenomics, transcriptomics, and metabolic reprogramming in prostate cancer development and progression. In the following section key concepts in prostate cancer diagnostics are covered. This includes the diagnostic, prognostic, and theranostic potential of miRNAs in prostate cancer; the necessity of biopsy; and the importance of histopathological and molecular markers in assessing aggressivity. It alsoexplores recent advances in tumor markers for early detection and monitoring, as well as biological markers of therapeutic response. The book concludes by offering a wealth of knowledge on current treatment options for prostate cancer, including surgical treatments, hormone therapy for advanced cases, the use of apheresis in personalized cell-mediated treatment, pharmacogenomics and precision therapy challenges and perspectives, stereotactic radiotherapy, and treatment for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Scientists and medical professionals interested in basic and clinical research in urology and oncology will find this book to be a useful reference. It is a helpful tool for preparing medical specialization in pathology, oncology, urology, clinical biochemistry, laboratory medicine, diagnostic radiology, oncologic radiology, and related fields of cancer research. With its integrative approach to diagnostics and focus on recent scientific breakthroughs, this book empowers readers to deepen their understanding of prostate cancer and enhance their ability to advance basic and clinical research to treat this pervasive disease.