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SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus responsible for COVID-19, wreaked havoc on the world; it could both spread easily and mutate rapidly, leading to the decrease in the effectiveness of newly developed vaccines over time. The detection of these mutated variants and the development of more efficient vaccines requires significant effort and increased knowledge in this field. This new book, SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Global Population Vulnerability: Diagnostic Strategies, Vaccine Development, and Therapeutic Management, provides detailed and systemic information regarding the biology and immunophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 and highlights the global vulnerability of the world population to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19.The book covers different aspects pertaining to the SARS-CoV-2 variants and their relation to global vulnerability. Chapters discuss the diagnostics, vaccine development, and therapeutic management starting from the zoonotic origin, organization, and transmission of SARS-CoV-2, lifestyle and immunophysiology of the virus, detection and diagnosis techniques, and analytical techniques. The book also observes the global impact of Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants. It looks at the drug repurposing and new drug discovery routines for the emerging variants. It presents strategies for fast-track vaccine development, the roles of nasal vaccines and nucleic acid vaccines for COVID-19 management, monoclonal antibody therapy for the diseases management, along with the use of dietary supplements and nutraceuticals, herbal drugs, and other alternative remedies for COVID-19 management. The book also considers the social and environmental impacts of SARS-CoV-2 variants and the current challenges, outlining aspects that can help in developing more efficacious means for controlling SARS-CoV-2 in the future.Key highlights: Discusses SARS-CoV-2 variants, diagnosis strategies, vaccine development, and the therapeutic management of the disease Provides comprehensive coverage of SARS-CoV-2 virus and variants With its unique and thorough take on the subject, this book is an important resource of know-how for investigators working in this area. Professionals from the pharmaceutical industry as well as students, research scholars, doctors, and other healthcare professionals will find this book of particular value.

This completely updated and expanded 2nd Edition provides all the information needed in order to understand the complex molecular, cellular and genetic mechanisms that underlie normal and abnormal cardiac rhythms. Its goal is to help physiologists and clinicians alike develop better preventive and treatment strategies. The respective chapters cover a broad range of topics, including the role of specific ion channels and transporters, gap junctions, intracellular Ca2+ handling in pacemaker activity, impulse conduction, and the activity of atrial and ventricular myocardium. Special emphasis is placed on the unique electrophysiology of specialized pacemaking cells and conducting fibers. In turn, several types of inherited and acquired ventricular arrhythmias are presented in detail. Clinicians will especially appreciate the updated information on even common disorders like atrial fibrillation and their impacts on human physiology. In closing, the book goes “one step further” and considers future prospects, e.g. novel antiarrhythmic agents and new concepts like optogenetics, in the context of heart rate regulation. Accordingly, it offers readers a solid reference guide to everything they need to know about human heart rate and rhythm.

This publication is based on peer-reviewed manuscripts from the 2022 Conference on Current Trends in Drug Discovery, Development and Delivery (CTD4-2022) held at KL University, India. Providing a wide range of up to date topics on the latest advancements in drug design and discovery technologies, this book ensures the reader receives a good understanding of the scope of the field. Aimed at scientists, students, regulators, academics and consultants throughout the world, this book is an ideal resource for anyone interested in the state of the art in drug design and discovery.

The book is devoted to an important aspect of pharmacology and pharmaceutical chemistry, i.e. the significance of stereoisomerism of drugs for their biological effect from the point of view of their pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicology. The authors review the landmarks in the development of stereochemistry and stereopharmacology. Present-day IUPAC terminology is discussed; general issues of stereoisomerism are considered including separation of racemic mixtures and asymmetric synthesis of isomers, methods of quantifying the isomers of a drug in biological material. The authors put special emphasis on general problems of the influence of stereoisomerism on pharmacological and adverse effects of drugs. A classification of drugs based on stereochemical properties of their isomers is proposed. Possibilities of interaction of stereoisomers in racemic mixtures are discussed. A considerable portion of the book is devoted to pharmacological action of the main groups of drugs whose structure includes asymmetric atoms (that is, drugs with several isomers). Detailed attention is paid to advisability of developing single isomer drugs and to the specifics of their study at the stage of preclinical and clinical trials.

This significantly revised fourth edition provides a practically orientated guide to interactions associated with antiseizure medications. It describes pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic antiseizure medication (ASM) interactions, including details of the magnitude and mechanism of interactions, and also of drug combinations that are not associated with interactions and therefore can be co-prescribed without undue concern. Presented in alphabetical order and by drug class, drug interactions that occur between ASMs and also between ASMs and non- ASMs are described in three sections: Drug interactions between ASMs; Drug interactions between ASMs and non- ASM Drugs: Interactions affecting ASMs; Drug interactions between ASMs and non ASM Drugs: Interactions affected by ASMs. The latest data on all drug interactions is presented. New agents discussed include cannabidiol, cenobamate, everolimus and fenfluramine,. Antiseizure Medication Interactions: A Clinical Guide, 4th Edition concisely presents the most recent developments and data available on the topic. Therefore, enabling physicians and allied health professionals to make more rational choices when ASM polytherapy regimens are required. It will be of interest to medical professionals in disciplines including neurology, psychiatry and pediatrics.

Financial Times Business Top Title March 2022 How could a large collection of small companies, most with fewer than 50 employees, rise to compete with Big Pharma, one of the world's most breathtakingly expensive and highly regulated industries? Beginning in the 1970s, several scientific breakthroughs promised to transform the creation of new medicines. As investors sought to capitalize on these Nobel Prize-winning discoveries, the biotech industry grew to thousands of small companies around the world. Each sought to emulate what the major pharmaceutical companies had been doing for a century or more, but without the advantages of scale, scope, experience, and massive resources. Biotech companies have met the challenge by creating nearly 40% more of the most important treatments for previously unmet medical needs. Moreover, they have done so with much lower overall costs. From Breakthrough to Blockbuster: The Business of Biotechnology focuses on both the companies themselves and the broader biotech ecosystem that supports them. It paints a portrait of the crucial roles played by academic research, venture capital, contract research organizations, the capital markets, and pharmaceutical companies, demonstrating how a supportive environment enabled the entrepreneurial biotech industry to create novel medicines with unprecedented efficiency. In doing so, it also offers insights for any industry seeking to innovate in uncertain and ambiguous conditions.

Helping your patients to use their medications safely and appropriately is a critical aspect of clinical practice, but it can be challenging. The published literature on the topic of adherence is vast, and constantly growing and evolving. It is not feasible, nor necessarily helpful, to comprehensively summarize all the available evidence. Instead, this book aims to provide all health professionals with a succinct and handy resource on medication adherence. Importantly, the book focuses on practical information that can inform, and be applied in, day-to-day clinical practice.

A fascinating account of poultices, pills, and prescriptions over the centuries and how they've been developed and delivered.This lively account follows the development of medicines from traces of herbs found with the remains of Neanderthal man, to prescriptions written on clay tablets from Mesopotamia in the third millennium BC, to pure drugs extracted from plants in the nineteenth century, and to the latest biotechnology antibody products. In addition, it tells the stories behind historical figures in medicine, such as Christopher Wren, who gave the first intravenous injection in 1656, and William Brockedon, who invented the tablet in 1843, as well as recounting the changes in patterns of prescribing from simple dosage forms—such as liquid mixtures, pills, ointments, lotions, poultices, powders for treating wounds, inhalations, eye drops, enemas, pessaries, and suppositories mentioned in the Egyptian Ebers papyrus of 1550 BCE—to the complex tablets, injections, and inhalers in current use. A typical pharmacy now dispenses about as many prescriptions in a working day as a mid-nineteenth-century chemist did in a whole year. This history sheds light on the scientific progress made over centuries that led to the medical miracles of the modern world.

This book traces the global chemical history of cannabidiol (CBD), which is a compound that originates partially from hemp (the fiber), marijuana (the popularized term for medicinal/recreational use), and cannabis (the species sativa). It also argues about the position that CBD is in today and the heritage established by chemists over the course of its development. Each term associated with the plant spans centuries of development and cross-culturally became an object of cultivation and commerce. Humans have explored cannabis'complex chemical possibilities with the hope that it would offer pain relief or some type of mind-numbing portal to other existences. As such the trio and their many incarnations have been and will continue to be an integral part of the past, the present, and the future. Known as cannabis compound cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive component of the drug, it is one of some 100-plus known cannabinoids; offshoots of the original plant that are isolatedand, in some cases, chemically altered. Just as with any supposed pharmaceutical marvel, chemists are at the center of this narrative. In order to understand its historical roots, central to CBD's discovery was the efforts of scientists who worked in separate eras and regions. These included, Americans Roger Adams and Allyn Howlett, and the Bulgarian-born Israeli chemist Raphael Mechoulam, along with a throng of others. They influenced a generation of students and changed the face of cannabis research into the 21st century. What does its history tell us about the future of chemical products like CBD? This brief will explore the chemical heritage that formed across a complicated nexus of global events. These are the bonds that tie.

First Published in 1988, Drug Interaction and Lethality Analysis offers a well-structured insight into the relationship between the chemicals we use in everyday life and the environment. With an abundance of references and detailed statistics, this book is highly recommended for students of Pharmacology and professionals in their respective fields.

The cannabinoid system plays a central role in a wide variety of physiological functions that touch upon cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, immune, and nervous systems. Cannabinoids also play a central role in developmental physiology, management of pain, and shaping of human behaviour. Recent movements towards legalization of marijuana use have bolstered scientific interest in the cannabinoid field and led to research efforts that would unveil multi-faceted effects and mechanisms of cannabinoid presence in different organs and at various stages of development. This book summarizes the recent advances in the field of cannabinoid research at multiple levels of resolution. It spans from systemic effects of cannabinoids on development, physiological function, and prevalent pathophysiological conditions to mechanisms that govern cannabinoid interaction with their relevant protein targets at atomic resolution. This book will be of interest to a specialized audience in the fields of biochemistry, pharmacology and developmental biology but alsoto a wider readership with interest in general physiology and cannabinoid signalling in biological systems.

Lymphatic Transport of Drugs provides a thorough review of the determinants that affect the uptake and delivery of drugs and xenobiotics to the lymphatics. Factors affecting the transport and delivery of lipophilic drugs through the lymph after oral administration, lymphatic transport of polar drugs and macromolecules after gastrointestinal dosing, transport of drugs into the lymph after parenteral administration, and particulate drug delivery systems are among the topics examined in this volume. Lymphatic Transport of Drugs is primarily intended for pharmaceutical scientists who are attempting to alter the delivery of current therapeutic agents through formulation of prodrugs, as well as for researchers designing new drugs for lymph delivery.

'The very last thing a drug regulator wishes to be able to say is, like Lord Byron (1788-1824), on the publication of his poem Childe Harold's Pilgrimage,'I awoke one morning and found myself famous.'The twelfth edition of this long-established textbook of clinical pharmacology (first published in 1960) continues its fine tradition of balancing science and practice for improved evidence-based drug therapy and good prescribing in therapeutic settings increasingly complicated by intercurrent disease and polypharmacy. - Coverage of all major therapeutic topics by body system. - Introductory sections give brief chapter synopses. - Case studies where relevant. - Covers the needs of the developing world with a focus on practical prescribing and health technology assessment. - Definition, tips, brief explanation boxes throughout. - Interesting histories, etymologies and provenances of terms throughout. - Entertaining footnotes throughout. - Fully updated throughout. - New co-editor: Fraz Mir, Addenbrooke's Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge. - Now with free e-book on StudentConsult.

The monograph is a summary of methods used to study pain receptors and the results obtained in some experiments designed to study the effect of non-opioid analgesics. The molecular mechanisms of nociceptive information control in primary sensory nociceptive neurons are described based on investigations of the membrane signaling cascade (opioid-like receptor → Na+,K+-ATPase → NaV1.8 channel) observed by the authors. Based on this data, the authors conclude that the modulation of NaV1.8 channels responsible for the coding of noxious signals can be carried out due to two novel targeting mechanisms. The first of these is the activation of opioid-like receptors; the second is the activation of Na+/K+-ATPase as a signal transducer. The development of a novel class of analgesics that trigger these mechanisms should lead to a successful solution to the problem of chronic pain relief.Chapters of the monograph cover the general methods used in studying nociceptive pain (including the patch-clamp method), and the mechanism behind the binding of different ligands to these receptors such gamma-pyrones, gamma-pyridines and cardiotonic steroids.This monograph is a valuable reference for neuroscientists, pharmacologists and allied researchers studying pain receptors for the development of safe and effective analgesics.

Approach to the experimental pharmacology has been changed in past few years. It is due to the advancement in learning through computer based experimentations. Although it is effective, less expensive and save lives of thousands of experimental animals, understanding and implementation of such kind of knowledge for further study or in industries had certain limitations. Hence, there is a modify in the usual approach of gaining of knowledge, practical skills and developing attitudes in students. A need has, therefore, been felt for a manual that documents why and how a practical should be conducted. This book has fulfilled the need and, in fact, gone beyond merely fulfilling the need. The book has been written keeping in mind the preferred standard shift in the practical curriculum for undergraduate medical students. The chapters in the book have been prepared in sections like in-vivo pharmacology and Ex-vivo pharmacology mainly for clarity and convenience. The book covers all the possible exercises in pharmacology that can be carried out by most institutions, with minimal resources. A useful feature of this book is the sufficient use of diagram, which will help not only the trainee teachers but also the students to understand the mechanism. Each chapter is neatly presented with concision and precision. The objectives of learning are clearly defined, although they could well have been stated at the beginning of the chapter. The clear and relevant illustrations can substitute the lack of materials, which may be the case at some centers. The section on experimental pharmacology describes those experiments that are necessary for the student to understand the fundamental mechanisms of drug action. The author also emphasizes ethics in animal experimentation.

Mit Beiträgen zahlreicher Fachwissenschaftler

In the quest for innovative drug delivery systems attempting to meet the unmet needs in pharmaceutical space, research has taken a much more complicated path that poses a significant challenge for translation. Despite the progress made with novel materials, polyesters still remain at the helm of drug delivery technologies. This book provides a single source of reference of polyester drug delivery systems that covers a broad spectrum of materials design, manufacturing techniques, and applications.

Informed and Healthy: Theoretical and Applied Perspectives on the Value of Information to Health Care focuses on two major issues: the value attributed to information by users and its effect on health care; and, a new model of information behavior in which the value of information drives various information activities (unlike many information models which tend to give prominence to information needs). The inductive development of the model is explained, with associated implications for theory and transferability or applicability elsewhere. The book uses a case study of the health information system in Uganda and expands the analysis by comparing it to other systems utilized by different countries in diverse levels of development. Topics such as access and use of information; value attribution and effect on health outcomes; and modelling information behavior and its implications on health informatics are discussed in detail. This book is a valuable resource for health professionals, planners, and policy makers, as well as researchers interested in health information systems and their applicability in different environments. - Provides a new model of information behaviour that emerges inductively from qualitative data - Focuses on value of information rather than information needs - Explains in detail the methodological approach used to value attribution - Serves as a valuable resource for health professionals, planners, and policy makers, as well as researchers interested in health information systems and their applicability in different environments

This comprehensive book grants readers exclusive insight into current advancements in the field of osteoarthritis (OA). Contributions from leading scientists and clinicians provide a detailed introduction into current understanding of the pathogenesis of OA, different joint structures affected by this debilitating disease (hip, knee, elbow, shoulder, foot, ankle, hand, wrist, and spine), current knowledge and practice in imaging, joint conservative strategies, OA biomarkers as well as currently available treatments, their safety profile and future therapeutic targets. This book further discusses the potential of regenerative therapies and recent advances in OA Personalized Medicine, and how collection of OA patient's phenotypic, genetic and proteomic data is able to direct treatment strategies through Bio-Informatics.

In order to provide safe and effective drug therapy to neonates, it is necessary to know about and understand the impact their development has on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. The fact that children are different and neonates very different from adults means that, in neonates, it would be unwise to dose medications by scaling down adult doses proportionately, simply attempting to match their smaller weight and/or body surface area. When one makes decisions about neonatal drug therapy, one must not only take into consideration the available data but also critically assess and interpret this information within the context of fetal development and maturational processes as well as within the context of diseases that might affect a drug's biodisposition. This book includes the latest information on the regulation and scientific basis of drug development and also provides a rationale for formula development for preterm infants. It offers guidance on how to translate pharmacokinetic data into dosing recommendations and also covers legal and regulatory issues relating to neonatal pharmacotherapy.

In Silico Drug Discovery and Design: Theory, Methods, Challenges, and Applications provides a comprehensive, unified, and in-depth overview of the current methodological strategies in computer-aided drug discovery and design. Its main aims are to introduce the theoretical framework and algorithms, discuss the range of validity, strengths and limita

Widely distributed throughout plant families, flavonoids give many flowers and fruits their vibrant colors. They also play a role in protecting the plants from microbe and insect attacks. More importantly, the consumption of foods containing flavonoids has been linked to numerous health benefits. Recent research indicates that flavonoids can be nutritionally helpful by triggering enzymes that reduce the risk of certain cancers, heart disease, and age-related degenerative diseases. Foods that contain high amounts of flavonoids include blueberries, red beans, cranberries, and blackberries. Many other foods, including red and yellow fruits and vegetables and some nuts, as well as red wine and certain teas are also rich in flavonoids.Due the potential health benefits, research into flavonoids and their potential beneficial effects on human health continues unabated. Dictionary of Flavonoids with downloadable resources lists all known flavonoids (approximately 13,000) in a single volume. It details chemical structures, physical properties, and biological source, and also includes a concise bibliography. Derived from the well-respected Dictionary of Natural Products, it is presented in a compact dictionary format, and is an invaluable reference source for all those working in this area. The book is accompanied by downloadable resources that are fully searchable by chemical structure as well as by physical properties and chemical names.Organized in alphabetical order, each page is packed with authoritative information that readers can easily access. The book and downloadable resource combination gives researchers powerful tools for unlocking and utilizing the secrets held within the colors of the plant kingdom.

Over the past years, the changing nature of pharmacy practice has caused many to realize that the practice must not only be managed, but also led. Leadership and Management in Pharmacy Practice discusses a variety of leadership and managerial issues facing pharmacists now and in the future. This second edition has been reorganized by placing leader

This volume presents key topics of current interest with regard to several pathophysiological conditions including (a) the basic and clinical aspects of bradykinin receptor antagonists, (b) the kallikrein-kinin pathways in hypertension and diabetes, (c) tissue kallikrein-kinin therapy for hypertension and organ damage, (d) the renal (tissue) kallikrein-kinin system in the kidney and novel potential drugs for salt-sensitive hypertension, (e) the kallikrein-kinin system in diabetes retinopathy, and (f) genetic manipulation and genetic variation of the kallikrein-kinin system and their impacts on cardiovascular and renal disease. Written by internationally reputed scientists, the book provides an essential overview of the latest developments in the field of kinin research, making it a valuable asset for endocrinologists, nephrologists, cardiologists, pharmacologists, physiologists, ophthalmologists and rheumatologists. Furthermore, it is also intended for postgraduate students in the fields of medicine, pharmacy, physiology and pharmacology, and those working at research organizations.

Using an integrated approach, this singular text focuses on patient first, helping you consider each patient as a unique individual with specific health concerns and characteristics that affect therapeutic decision making and drug efficacy. Organized by disease state, this book will introduce you to general drug classifications and the medicinal agents most likely to be encountered in primary care settings. It encompasses the pharmacological principals, dosing, patient education, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic parameters and indications for commonly prescribed drugs.

The nutritional and medicinal value of metals, such as zinc, calcium, and iron, has been known in traditional medicine for a long time. Other metals, such as silver and gold, may also have therapeutic and health benefits. Ancient medicines have long incorporated their use in the treatment of diseases, and they have also more recently been explored

Chesley's Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy continues its tradition as one of the beacons to guide the field of preeclampsia research, recognized for its uniqueness and utility. Hypertensive disorders remain one the major causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and death. It is also a leading cause of preterm birth now known to be a risk factor in remote cardiovascular disease. Despite this the hypertensive disorders remain marginally studied and management is often controversial. The fourth edition of Chesley's Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy focuses on prediction, prevention, and management for clinicians, and is an essential reference text for clinical and basic investigators alike. Differing from other texts devoted to preeclampsia, it covers the whole gamut of high blood pressure, and not just preeclampsia. - Features new chapters focusing on recent discoveries in areas such as fetal programming, genomics/proteomics, and angiogenesis - Includes extensive updates to chapters on epidemiology, etiological considerations, pathophysiology, prediction, prevention, and management - Discusses the emerging roles of metabolic syndrome and obesity and the increasing incidence of preeclampsia - Each section overseen by one of the editors; each chapter co-authored by one of the editors, ensuring coherence throughout book

Atherosclerosis is the principal underlying cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in people of the Western world. Cigarette smoking has been implicated in both the initiation and exacerbation of the atherosclerotic process. Data to support this implication derives primarily from epidemiologic studies where the relationship between the incidence of atherosclerosis in people who smoke cigarettes has been shown to have a strong correlation. There are few well established explanations for this phenomenon, and basic molecular, biochemical, and cellular mechanisms associated with smoking and the development of atherosclerosis remain both undefined and virtually unexplored. Even the epidemiologic correlation between cigarette smoking and the development of atherosclerosis needs further critical studies. It is known that individuals who do not smoke cigarettes develop athero­ sclerosis and it is also known that in people who smoke but have normal or low blood cholesterol/lipoprotein levels, the incidence of development of atherosclerosis is no different from that which is found in a non­ smoking population. Answers which explain such observations must address fundamental biological mechanisms. Toward this end, the purpose of this volume is to assemble, in a single publication, information which will address the questions; what basic cellular and/or molecular mechanisms are associated with the development of atherosclerosis and how does cigarette smoking influence such mechanisms to initiate or exacerbate the atherosclerotic process? Clearly, the development of atherosclerosis is a complex, multifactorial biological event.

Die komplexen Systeme des menschlichen Organismus und seiner Kontrollmechanismen setzen heute beim Arzt ein großes Arzneimittelwissen voraus, das permanent durch neue Erkenntnis zu bereichern und zu bewerten ist. Die Klinische Pharmakologie hat die Aufgabe, zwischen naturwissenschaftlich tätigen Pharmakologen und praktisch tätigen Ärzten bei der Anwendung von Pharmaka zu vermitteln. Dieses Fachbuch bietet eine Hilfestellung für die indikationsbewußte, evidenzbasierte Arzneitherapie.

Since the discovery some 15 years ago of benzodiazepine modulatory sites associated with GABA A receptors, great effort has gone into understanding their molecular pharmacology and into developing new anxiolytic drugs that interact selectively with them. Prominent in this research has beenthe discovery that ~-carbolines, a different chemical class from benzodiazepines, also act at these receptors but that their effects are sometimes quite different from those of the benzodiazepines.This book documents the latest discoveries in the molecular biology of the GABA A receptor and reveals how an integration of the results of research inmolecular biology, synthetic chemistry, biochemical and behavioral pharmacology, and clinical pharmacology has paved the way forthe development of ~-carbolines from substances inducing anxiety and convulsions to a novel therapy for anxiety states, achieving a behavioral selectivity through selective actions at subtypes of receptors.

The probability for exposure to damaging radiation, toxic chemicals in the environment and adverse biological agents has increased exponentially today. The more frequent and faster travel that we experience today also escalates the risk of contraction and transmission of potentially deadly infections. This has created a very real and escalating risk for injuries and deaths. This is accentuated in the military and medical staff that is more frequently exposed to radiological, chemical, and biological agents in their normal working environment. Understanding the mechanisms whereby these toxic agents inflict damage to our bodies is essential to prepare us for these challenges.Much of the damage is inflicted through the generation of free radicals and non-radical oxidants which then act through oxidative mechanisms to injury the body. This volume will discuss the damage caused by these radiological, chemical, and biological environmental stressors, the mechanisms through which the damage can occur and the novel strategies that can be used to reduce the injury inflicted by these toxic compounds. Using basic and clinical research approaches, the contents of this book discuss new ideas for the development of bioactive products and environmental approaches to lessen or negate the biological damage inflicted by thesenoxious compounds.

A must read for every pharmacy student Market: Pharmacy students (35,000) Experts in the field discuss residency, fellowships, and additional degrees Related McGraw-Hill Title: Freeman: The Ultimate Guide To Choosing a Medical Specialty 978-0-07-145713-2 • 0-07-145713-5 • Paperback • $35.00MD

Metastatic disease is the most lethal aspect of human malignancies, making the understanding and continued research of the process of metastasis a crucial step in treating cancer. The proposed book, entitled “Experimental and Clinical Metastasis: A Comprehensive Review” aims to provide a clear and extensive review of the clinical and experimental implications of metastatic disease. This work focuses on recent contributions to the field of metastasis, and will highlight crucial findings in the molecular understanding of disseminated disease as well as standard and personalized medicine currently being investigated in the clinic. Topics will include, among many, gene properties of metastatic cells, molecular mechanisms of tumour growth and spread, animal models of metastasis, and clinical implications, markers and treatment for metastatic disease. With the participation of worldwide experts in the field of oncology, from major academic and government centres, this book will provide a leading manual for the study of the metastatic process, from benchside science to bedside care. In this light, the proposed book will facilitate classroom learning for both medical and graduate students, as well as serve as a tool for physicians and researchers interested in the metastatic process. In addition, this book will include the latest advances in basic science as well as leading technologies and theories of targeting metastatic cells. Most importantly, not only will basic and clinical aspects be discussed, but furthermore, the translational aspect of research in metastatic diseases will be emphasized.

Recent advances in understanding of fundamental immunology have created new insights into the dynamic interactions between tumors and the immune system. This includes new understanding of T- and B-cell interaction, immune inhibitory mechanisms including the biology of T regulatory cells, myeloid suppressor cells, and dendritic cell subsets. Enhanced understanding of mechanisms underlying T-cell anergy such as arginine deprivation, immunosuppressive cytokines, defective innate and interferon response pathways, and NKG2D downregulation have all provided new insight into suppression of anti-tumor immunity and tumor evasion. In addition to emerging understanding of tumor evasion, new immune targets such as CTLA4 blockade, NK stimulatory receptors, manipulation of the antigen processing and presentation, cytokine and costimulatory responses all provide new possibilities for enhancing anti-tumor immunity even in tumors previously felt to be resistant to immune attack. Several of these strategies have already been realized in the clinic. The volume will explore evolving paradigms in antigen presentation, dendritic cell biology, the innate response and immunosuppressive mechanisms, and emerging strategies for manipulation of the immune system for therapeutic benefit that have realized success in neuroblastoma, leukemia, melanoma, lung cancer, and allogeneic transplantation. Early successes as well as failures will be highlighted to provide a snapshot of the state of clinical immunotherapy with an eye to future possibilities such as combination therapies, adoptive T-cell transfer, and the retargeting of immune cells via T-cell receptor engineering.

Respiratory rehabilitation can be defined as long term evaluation and therapy. This definition has evolved considerably from earlier and more restrictive attempts to delineate the discipline. Currently, respiratory rehabilitation involves evaluation techniques and treatment strategies which utilize the benefits gained from exercises, but without being limited to it. Respiratory muscle training, non-invasive mechanical ventilation, bronchodilator drugs, and metabolic balance and maintenance of nutrition are just a few of the topics covered in this book. The editors have organized the text to provide an updated review of the topic and indicate many areas in need of development and exploration in the years ahead. The information provided is easily accessible to a broad spectrum of readers, including clinicians, researchers, pharmacologists, technicians and therapists.

Die klinische Prüfung von Arzneimitteln vor der Zulassung hat einen hohen wissenschaftlichen Standard erreicht. Das vorliegende Buch macht deutlich, daß diese Forschungsphase aufgrund der zeitlichen Limitierung dennoch keine abschließenden Ergebnisse hinsichtlich Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit eines Arzneimittels liefern kann. Eine kontinuierliche begleitende Forschung auch nach der Zulassung eines Arzneimittels ist daher unabdingbar und liegt gleichermaßen im Interesse von Patienten, Ärzten und Arzneimittelherstellern. In umfassender und systematischer Weise wird die Vielfalt der Fragestellungen einer Arzneimittelforschung nach der Zulassung herausgearbeitet und deutlich gemacht, daß nur eine erhebliche Ausweitung des Methodenspektrums über die bekannten Methoden hinaus diesen Anforderungen gerecht werden kann. Das Buch bietet eine systematische Beschreibung der wichtigsten methodischen Instrumente, wobei besonders ausführlich die Studienform und Methoden der sog. Pharmakoepidemiologie behandelt werden, für die bisher keine Verfahrensrichtlinien und Qualitätsnormen existierten. Zahlreiche Wissenschaftler und Experten aus den Bereichen Biometrie, Pharmakologie und Innere Medizin haben zu diesem Buch beigetragen. Es ist die bisher einzige so umfassende und systematische Darstellung des Themas'Arzneimittelforschung nach der Zulassung'in der deutschsprachigen Fachliteratur. Die Realisierung des aufgezeigten Forschungsbedarfs nach der Zulassung eines Arzneimittels bei Arzneimittelherstellern, der Ärzteschaft, Behörden und Forschungseinrichtungen und der sachgerechte Einsatz des in diesem Buch beschriebenen Methodenrepertoires kann einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Erhöhung der Arzneimittelsicherheit leisten.

Once Nietzsche said that human beings may be divided into two categories: Apollonians and Dionysians•. By this the philosopher meant that there are human beings a) who know what they are going to do in the long-term future (what we now call the grant application for the next 5 years), i. e., Apollonians, and b) who barely know what they are going to do tomorrow morning before breakfast, i. e., Dionysians. •• To organize a symposium, this symposium in particular, a committee had to be formed either of individuals sharing both Nietzschean characteristics or of individuals possessing either characteristic. Considering the rarity of the former type of subject, this organizing committee was spontaneously formed by a typical sample of both types of individuals. We first met in Perugia in 1988. Those of us who were Apollonians had thus a chance to organize a programme. The Dionysians knew what was going to happen to them, but, of course, did not know yet how to cope with it. They duly did so every day of the meeting, after breakfast. The organizers decided that it would be a useful exercise to assemble experts having different perspectives but all pursuing a very rapidly developing aspect of cell biology. They also hoped that these selected Apollonians and Dionysians would not merely recount their results but try to project the future through active interchanges of ideas and opinions with other attendees.

At a time when it is becoming usual for medicines to be developed for a global market and pharmaceutical companies are endeavouring to expedite the drug development process, Regulatory Authorities are concentrating on improving their efficiency and effectiveness. Therefore, it is not surprising that questions are being asked as to how performance might be measured and compared between different authorities who are now often in receipt of dossiers that have been submitted to several agencies at the same time. Issues such as'what target should be set for the review of new medicines?'and `how can quality be assured?'are now considered to be of critical importance. The twelfth CMR International Workshop, held in January 1997, provided the opportunity for Regulatory Authority and industry personnel from Europe, North America, Australia and Japan to openly discuss experiences and exchange views on how to improve the review process. The proceedings of this meeting provide a comprehensive overview of the current review process in different countries and the need for performance measures and targets. This volume summarises the many suggestions that were debated at the Workshop, and includes chapters on measuring performance, and on the integration of quality into the review process.

For a research-based pharmaceutical company to be successful in the 1990s. it must have a strategic plan for the global development of new chemical entities. Global development can be defined as an attempt to reach all major markets as rapidly as possible and for many companies these will include the United States. Japan. Germany. France. Italy. UK and Canada. which together represent approximately 85% of the pharmaceutical market in the developed world. The mutual acceptance of foreign clinical data would reduce the time and resources required to develop a new medicine for the international market by eliminating the requirement for the routine repetition of clinical studies in local populations. In Japan this has been largely based on the belief that genetic differences in respon­ siveness may result in a different benefit/risk assessment for a new mediCine. while requests in Europe and the United States for local data relate mainly to methodological and cultural considerations. The importance of this issue has been recognised internationally as it was one of the topics discussed at the International Conference on Harmonisation in Orlando (October 1993) and it is currently on the programme for ICH3 which will be convened in Yokohama in Japan in November 1995.

Throughout history, the perpetuation of species, the need for survival, and human curiosity, intelligence and skills provided the basis for the development of drug science. This unique book, Discoveries in Pharmacological Sciences, contains the history of herbal medicine as it emerged about 5,000 years ago. Recent discoveries in genetics are integrated with the observations in the past. An understanding of the history of drugs and toxic chemicals is essential for the proper utility of these substances by the population at large. The book is written with the purpose to familiarize drug research of the investigators in chemical, pharmaceutical, pharmacological, and biomedical sciences. It is important to note that plants containing morphine, quinine, physostigmine, pilocarpine, atropine, d-tubocurarine, reserpine, tetrahydrocannabinol, cardiac glycosides, ephedrine and colchicine were used by various cultures for centuries. Since 1805 pure, active, therapeutic constituents were isolated and chemically characterized. Parallel to these developments, the science of human anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, genetics and pharmacology has advanced. New synthetic drugs were discovered. The chemistry of perfumes and sensory functions including memory were elucidated. The history of fascinating discoveries made by scientists of Nobel repute was documented. Better testing methods were developed. The causes of many diseases were better understood. Drug laws were instituted a century ago. The pharmaceutical industry flourished. The text provides a panoramic view of the understanding of when, where, who, how and why drugs were developed. Educational aspects of teaching pharmacological sciences are reviewed. The historical account will be invaluable to graduate students and creative scientists, who can prepare for the future.The book will serve to enhance the cumulative scientific knowledge of the investigators in drug discovery. It contains a well integrated wealth of information in drug sciences and pharmacotherapeutics. The time, place and the human side of investigators, their portraits with biographical sketches are presented.The reading of Discoveries in Pharmacological Sciences will satisfy the intellectual curiosity of investigators. Understanding of Discoveries in Pharmacological Sciences will provide a platform to judge the importance of the personalized medicine of tomorrow. Scattered classical information about drug sciences is effectively condensed here. The development of the scientific thoughts and creativity of the investigators through the ages in drug research are presented admirably.