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Hybridity and Ideology analyzes the structure, development, and significance of political perspectives that mix or fuse the distinct beliefs, practices, and identities found in other ideologies—for example, hybrid worldviews such as liberal nationalism, ecosocialism, and anarchafeminism.Employing concepts and methods drawn from ideology studies, discourse theory, and cultural studies, Leonard Williams and Benjamin Franks explore the meaning of hybridity, the processes by which ideologies hybridize, and the political implications of the blended ideologies that result. Their hybrid inquiry fashions a theoretical vocabulary and framework for understanding and studying ideological hybridization.Using examples from a broad spectrum of ideologies, the book discusses the characteristic patterns by which hybrids are constructed from parent ideologies. It explores the operations and processes that enable hybrids to emerge from other ideologies and develop within social and political contexts. Lastly, it addresses how ideologies provide resources for political action and discusses the criteria for judging the success of hybrid ideologies.Hybridity and Ideology offers insight into the dynamic processes of hybridization central to ideological transformation and political change. It provides a helpful resource for students and researchers in political theory, cultural studies, and philosophy.

Modern political life is a confusing and disorientating terrain of competing ideologies. Jason Blakely offers readers a lively, fresh and insightful guide through the labyrinth of conflicting and competing ideas in order to better understand why ideology in the modern era can be so divisive. Lost in Ideology sets out from the conviction that the current disorientation engulfing the world's liberal democracies is in no small part ideological in origin. People feel confused because there are multiple ideological maps, so to speak, each marked by dramatically different points of interest, rivers, summits, roads, and total topographies. Ideology in the modern era has the paradoxical effect of orienting millions even as it disorients millions. This leads us to the present-day predicament in which individuals of every imaginable political stripe confidently declare: “I have a theory – but you? You have an ideology!”

The Routledge Handbook of Ideology and International Relations reviews, consolidates, and advances the study of ideology in international politics. The volume unifies fragmented scholarship on ideology's impact on international relations into a wide-ranging and go-to volume. Declarations of the ‘end of ideology'have once again been proven premature: nationalisms of various stripes are thriving; ideological polarization and conflicts both within and among states are growing; and environmentalist, feminist and anti-globalization activists are intensifying their demands on international institutions and states. This timely volume presents ideology as a way of explaining these major developments of world politics, rejecting the simplistic association of ideology with passionate convictions in favor of more complex theories of ideology's influence. The chapters summarize cutting edge knowledge on major topics, suggest key implications for broader theoretical debates and frameworks, and point the way forwards to future avenues of inquiry. Contributors adopt puzzle-orientated causal, constitutive and/or critical approaches with a central focus on the determinants and effects of ideological phenomena and their interaction with other aspects of politics. This handbook is of key interest to students and scholars of ideologies, international relations, foreign policy analysis, political science, political theory and more broadly to sociology, psychology, and history. The Routledge Handbook of Ideology and International Relations is part of the mini-series Routledge Handbooks on Political Ideologies, Practices and Interpretations, edited by Michael Freeden.

Wo liegt die Grenze zwischen Wahrheit und Täuschung, Religion und Dogma, Offenbarung und Spekulation, Mystik und Wissenschaft? Der Psychoanalytiker und Neurologe Werner Huth geht diesen Fragen auf den Grund. Er schöpft dabei aus der Beobachtung vieler gläubiger, ideologieverhafterer und psychisch kranker Menschen während seiner langjährigen therapeutischen Tätigkeit. Werner Huth verfasste dieses Buch ursprünglich vor über drei Jahrzehnten. Seither leben wir in einer anderen Welt. Die technische, soziale und iedologische Entwicklungen machen Auseinandersetzung mit Glaube, Realität und Wahn heute aber mindestens ebenso relevant wie damals. Diese überarbeitete und ergänzte Neuausgabe ist ein wichtiger Beitrag zum gesellschaftlichen Diskurs.

La notion d'extrémisme est une notion confuse. Censée permettre une classification, elle est surtout une diabolisation de l'adversaire. Mais ce terme polémique oublie souvent de décrire ce qu'il considère comme le Mal absolu. Il faut donc s'efforcer de dissocier, dans le discours politique, les réactions passionnelles et les réflexes idéologiques des menaces objectives, ce qui n'est guère facile. Les incarnations de la condamnation pour extrémisme sont nombreuses — « radical », « ultra- », « fasciste », « populiste » — et permettent souvent à peu de frais de s'exonérer de la description politique elle-même. Pour reconstruire la catégorie d'extrémisme et la rendre opératoire dans l'analyse des attitudes et des comportements politiques contemporains, il faut supposer l'existence d'une connexion entre trois composantes : 1° la légitimation de la violence comme méthode de résolution des problèmes politiques ; 2° l'intolérance et le sectarisme ; 3° le fanatisme, impliquant l'intransigeantisme, le manichéisme et le jusqu'au-boutisme, qui supposent de placer la défense de la Cause au-dessus de tout. Alors peut-être pourra-t-on redéfinir un horizon politique désirable par-delà les extrémismes en tout genre qui brident nos libertés. Car on devrait pouvoir concevoir des limites légitimes et respectables en sortant du cercle des extrémismes.À PROPOS DE L'AUTEURPierre-André Taguieff est un politologue, sociologue, historien des idées et directeur de recherche honoraire au CNRS. Il est principalement connu pour ses travaux sur le racisme, l'antiracisme, l'antisémitisme, la nouvelle droite et le populisme.

A new theoretical framework for understanding how social, economic, and political conflicts influence international institutions and their place in the global order Today's liberal international institutional order is being challenged by the rising power of illiberal states and by domestic political changes inside liberal states. Against this backdrop, Ideology and International Institutions offers a broader understanding of international institutions by arguing that the politics of multilateralism has always been based on ideology and ideological divisions. Erik Voeten develops new theories and measures to make sense of past and current challenges to multilateral institutions.Voeten presents a straightforward theoretical framework that analyzes multilateral institutions as attempts by states to shift the policies of others toward their preferred ideological positions. He then measures how states have positioned themselves in global ideological conflicts during the past seventy-five years. Empirical chapters illustrate how ideological struggles shape the design of international institutions, membership in international institutions, and the critical role of multilateral institutions in militarized conflicts. Voeten also examines populism's rise and other ideological threats to the liberal international order.Ideology and International Institutions explores the essential ways in which ideological contestation has influenced world politics.

This book brings together for the first time an updated, revised collection of influential essays and articles that capture some of the most exciting scientific and scholarly contributions to the topic of political ideology. John Jost tackles fundamental questions about how psychology, neuroscience, and societal factors impact political attitudes and group divisions. In what sense, if any, are ordinary citizens'ideological'? Is it useful to locate political attitudes on a single dimension of representation? Are there meaningful differences in the beliefs, opinions, and values of leftists and rights-or liberals and conservatives? How are personality traits related to ideological preferences? What situational or contextual factors contribute to liberal and conservative shifts in the general population? What are the implications of ideological polarization for the future of democracy? Drawing on Max Weber's concept of elective affinities, one of the world's leading political psychologists discusses the myriad ways in people choose ideas and ideas choose people.

This insightful book sheds light on three competing ideological windows on the world: conservatism, liberalism and socialism. David Reisman explores the importance of these perspectives not only to generating public policy, but also in our capacity to explain the very nature of reality.Surveying the diversity of beliefs that govern and guide contemporary society, Reisman illustrates the pre-eminence of three all-encompassing meta-ideologies that capture heterogenous philosophies. The book traces the history of these meta-ideologies through key figures and moments in their development, illuminating the paradox at the heart of political beings: the conceptual wedding of independence and integration. Refusing a partisan perspective, Reisman argues in favour of a tolerant vision of society that promotes understanding as an avenue by which to achieve the peaceable coexistence of plurality and diversity. Offering a clear, intellectual and unbiased presentation of contemporary political philosophy, this book is crucial reading for researchers and students of social and political thought, particularly those focusing on ideology and the history of philosophy.

First published in 1980. Of all the concepts deployed in the study of politics the application of the concept of ideology is by far the least precise. Those who have sought to clarify its meaning have concluded that ideology is not an independent constituent of political life and indispensable to an adequate representation of the form of political association; but, rather, a kind of epiphenomenal, parasitic and irrational thought that misguides the unfortunate, ignorant or confused in the pursuit of the unobtainable. The Form of Ideology attempts to demonstrate that this view is wholly mistaken. It offers students an understanding of ideology free from the conceptual confusion involved in the belief that ideology is in any sense a theory that can be put into practice. In addition, it argues that ideology is not a defective theory of politics, because, properly understood, ideology is not theoretical understanding of the world at all. It is not the product of any kind of investigation yielding information. The Form of Ideology permits beliefs in ideological claims, not proof of ideological assertions. It affords political inspiration and aspirations rather than judgement and knowledge. If the argument in this book succeeds in demonstrating the truth of this conclusion then the study of politics must take a completely new direction. The first three chapters explore the grounds for the methodological break the group has made with previous investigations and offer a critique of some current misconceptions; the remaining three chapters mark out the limits of the intelligibility of ideology within the context of political thought and life following the direction indicated by the previous three. The book's concern will be of central interest to advanced undergraduate and postgraduate courses on ideology, the history of political thought, political theory and political movements in departments of political science, sociology, philosophy and history; it is unique in that it offers an account of the form of ideological understanding seen as a mode of thought in its own right.

Zuhause ist der Kleinbürger im Reich der apolitischen Normalität. Dort findet er Unterstand in Zeiten relativer Ruhe und Schutz vor der Politik, die doch nur ein »schmutziges Geschäft« ist. In der gepflegten Privatheit von Familie, Haus und Garten, wie sie das biedermeierliche Idyll als statischen Gegenentwurf zum bedrohlichen Gewühl des modernen Massenzeitalters bietet, fristet der Kleinbürger ein sich dezidiert unpolitisch gebendes Leben – solange man ihn in Ruhe läßt. Nicht einer Partei gilt sein Engagement, sondern dem Verein. Nicht gegeneinander, miteinander heißt es hier, und es geht um den guten Zweck; etwa um die Natur (vom Schreberverein bis zur Freikörperkultur) und um die »Brauchtumspflege« (vom Männergesangs- bis zum Schützenverein). Natur und Brauchtum aber sind die Sphären der bedrohten Normalität, zu deren Rettung sich der Kleinbürger immer berufen fühlt. Aus dem Epilog Unveränderter Nachdruck

This collection of essays, collected and published in tribute to the economist Ashok Mitra is inevitably diverse, given the wide range of interests of his professional friends and colleagues. There is however one common thread that runs through the articles; a shared belief that ideology and experience, just as much as theory and policy, are inseparable in economics.

Ideology in Postcolonial Texts and Contexts reflects that critiques of ideological formations occur within intersecting social, political, and cultural configurations where each position is in itself ‘ideological'– and subject to asymmetrical power relations. Postcolonialism has become an object of critique as ideology, but postcolonial studies'highly diversified engagement with ideology remains a strong focus that exceeds Ideologiekritik. Fourteen contributors from North America, Africa, and Europe focus (I) on the complex relation between postcolonialism, postcolonial theory, and conceptualizations of ideology, (II) on ideological formations that manifest themselves in very specific postcolonial contexts, highlighting the potential continuities between colonial and postcolonial ideology, and (III) on further expanding and complicating the nexus of postcolonial ideology, from veiling as both ideological practice and individual resistance to home as ideological construct; from palimpsestic readings of colonial photography to aesthetics as ideology.

Ideals and Ideologies: A Reader is a comprehensive compilation of classic and contemporary readings representing all of the major'isms.'It offers students a generous sampling of key thinkers in different ideological traditions and places them in their historical and political contexts. Used on its own or with Political Ideologies and the Democratic Ideal, the anthology accounts for the different ways people use ideology and conveys the continuing importance of ideas in politics.New to this 11th Edition: Alexander Keyssar,'Voter Suppression, Then and Now'(a distinguished historian traces the tawdry history of attempts, successful and unsuccessful, to disenfranchise voters). Andrew Sullivan,'Democracies End When They Become Too Democratic'(an eminent conservative commentator and author argues that, under certain circumstances, democracies pose a danger to their very own existence). Timothy Egan,'The Dumbed Down Democracy'(a prominent author and columnist argues that American democracy has been'dumbed down'due, in large part, to the absence of civic education in the public school curriculum). Max Boot and David Brooks,'Conservatives Assess Trump'(two leading contemporary conservatives ponder the fundamental ideological problems the current president poses for the movement, and consider the ways in which Donald Trump is—and isn't—a true conservative). Eugene V. Debs,'Speech to the Conference for Progressive Political Action'(an early 20th-century American socialist and former presidential candidate articulates his vision for a new workers'party that would challenge capitalism in the United States). Robert Kagan,'This is How Fascism Comes to America'(a prominent neoconservative historian detects disturbing parallels between the rise of Donald Trump and that of various interwar fascists). Erik Loomis,'A New Chapter in the Black Liberation Movement'(an American historian makes the case for Black Liberation with a particularly compelling case study: how prisoners (mainly black) work essentially as slaves in both public and for-profit prisons in the United States). Black Lives Matter,'A Vision for Black Lives: Demands for Black Power, Freedom & Justice'(leaders of the Black Lives Matter movement set forth their basic ideological beliefs and public policy prescriptions). Josephine Livingstone,'The Task Ahead for Feminism'(the author argues that much remains to be done after the #MeToo movement).

Can entertainment challenge divisive ideologies? Can we use theater, film, games, novels, and stories disarm the ideologies of fear? Ideological Battlegrounds: Entertainment to Disarm Divisive Propaganda introduces and develops Ideologically Challenging Entertainment (ICE) to challenge “us versus them” narratives. ICE counters polarizing perspectives by embracing multiple valid viewpoints without losing sight of facts. Additionally, this book explores the first ICE production, Two Merchants, The Merchant of Venice adapted to challenge ideologies related to the Arab-Israeli Conflict. A mixed-methods study of audience responses to this production showed that a significant number of audience members reconsidered their views, not only about the Arab-Israeli conflict but also about ideological divisions that were more personally relevant.Ideological Battlegrounds is unique, both in its conceptualization of entertainment as a means to address local and global conflicts and in its provision of evidence for the power of performance as a tool for confronting and influencing ideological change.This book offers a new approach to bridging dangerous ideological chasms that, without significant intervention, will only continue to worsen.

The last decades have witnessed a steady increase in popular discontent with prevailing neoliberal approaches to economy, policy and society. And yet neoliberalism remains dominant, even in the context of the ongoing financial crisis. The anti-neoliberal movement seems disorientated. Typical explanations of this current contradicatory situation highlight that anti-neoliberal movements are unwilling to commit to a policy programme, enact effective political tactics, or challenge state institutions. This book argues that a more deep-seated problem lies at the heart of these deficiencies: how the movement approaches the role of ideology in political action. Reflecting a widely-held belief that ours is a post-ideological age, ideology has been marginalized or altogether rejected by the majority of the movement's activists and intellectuals. The dismissal of ideology has hindered the politics of resistance and it now becomes clear that a firm ideological vision is what activists urgently require to defy neoliberal domination. This book shows the useful nature of ideology, by exploring continuities between current anti-neoliberal positions and well-known past ideological arguments that changed the world.

Edited and with an introduction by Alan Sica.In 1975 Joseph Gabel published a modern masterpiece which appeared in English as False Consciousness: An Essay on Reification. Combining his special knowledge of existential psychiatry, axiology, Marxism, and political history, Gabel proposed the utterly novel idea that victims of serious mental disturbances (especially paranoia and schizophrenia) reproduce those distorted thought patterns commonly associated with ideological beliefs at the collective level. Such beliefs initially had been laid bare in the 1920s by Gabel's intellectual progenitors, Karl Mannheim and George Lukacs. Gabel's remarkable innovation was to transfer the private crisis of mental collapse into the analytic framework previously reserved for ideological critique, making him an expert on what was later called'the micro-macro problem.'Ideologies and the Corruption of Thought includes Gabel's essays over the last 40 years, characteristically treating micro and macro theoretical matters simultaneously. Originally written in French and German, they have been recast in idiomatic English and bibliographically updated. Using a unique mode and vocabulary of analysis, Gabel offers theoretical investigations of McCarthyism and Stalinism (original and more recent types), as well as Althusser, Orwell, and Jonathan Swift in his capacity as a psychiatric theorist. He also explores anti-Zionism, anti-Semitism, and a fascinating case study of a paranoid who regarded himself as the pope. In addition this volume includes a range of general commentaries on ideological'thought,'utopianism, and false consciousness.This rich feast of social and political analysis and theory illuminates a range of contemporary concerns: racism, utopian fantasy, ethnocentrism, anti-Semitism, the interplay of social structure and mental illness, and ideological transformations of social life, which only Gabel's unique mixture of the clinical and the political could achieve. It will be studied with interest by all theorists and politically alert readers in the social sciences, philosophy, and related fields of study.

In Theoretical Times, Steve Redhead describes the post-crash economic, environmental, political and cultural condition we live in today. As the rise of the international right - Donald Trump, Brexit, Marine Le Pen - swarms the globe, a new global battle within the right is developing: the globalists and neo-liberals versus the economic nationalists and protectionists. What then are the prospects for a resurrected theoretical politics of the left? Theoretical Times considers the work of theorists such as Alain Badiou, Slavoj Žižek, Jean Baudrillard and Paul Virilio, in this innovative reinvention of theory and the politics of theory. After the global financial crash the world is being hollowed out and we find ourselves in what Žižek calls a desperate state of hopelessness, the “new dark ages”. Accelerated culture sees us digitally entertaining ourselves to death but leaves us exhausted and frightened waiting for World War Three. Theoretical Times offers new theoretical resources as a way out of the quicksand.

Leading theorist and art curator Nicolas Bourriaud tackles the excluded, the disposable and the nature of waste by looking to the future of art-the exform.He argues that the great theoretical battles to come will be fought in the realms of ideology, psychoanalysis and art. A'realist'theory and practice must begin by uncovering the mechanisms that create the distinctions between the productive and unproductive, product and waste, and the included and excluded.To do this we must go back to the towering theorist of ideology Louis Althusser and examine how ideology conditions political discourse in ways that normalize cultural, racial and economic practices of exclusion.

As austerity measures are put into place the world over and global restructuring is acknowledged by all as an attempt to bolster the economic system that lead to the crash, there is a great need to come to grips with the economic, political and philosophical legacy of Marx. Of particular interest are Marx's analyses of alienation and the cycles of boom and bust thought to be integral to the functioning of capitalism. Moreover, as the Cold War drifts into the history books, it is possible to reconsider the lasting impact of Marx's analyses without the shadows cast by the Soviet version of communism. Equally, though, scholars are increasingly turning to Marx for insight into the rise of religion and the corresponding demise of political ideologies that seems to mark the contemporary age. Are we witnessing ‘the return of Marx'?Few scholars have done as much to tease out the intricacies of Marx, ideology and religion and their overlapping concerns as the eminent writer and Marx biographer, Professor David McLellan. This book brings together a group of internationally renowned academics to reflect upon, develop and criticise McLellan's analyses of these three themes with a view to contributing more broadly to scholarly debates in these fields. This exciting and timely analysis will be of interest to scholars of political theory, the history of political thought (including historical methodology), Marx and Marxism, sociology of knowledge (particularly in relation to discussions of ideology), religion and theology more widely.

Author of the influential Relational Aesthetics examines the dynamics of ideology Leading theorist and art curator Nicolas Bourriaud tackles the excluded, the disposable and the nature of waste by looking to the future of art—the exform. He argues that the great theoretical battles to come will be fought in the realms of ideology, psychoanalysis and art. A “realist” theory and practice must begin by uncovering the mechanisms that create the distinctions between the productive and unproductive, product and waste, and the included and excluded. To do this we must go back to the towering theorist of ideology Louis Althusser and examine how ideology conditions political discourse in ways that normalize cultural, racial and economic practices of exclusion.

Ideals and Ideologies: A Reader is a comprehensive compilation of classic and original readings representing all of the major'isms'. It offers students a generous sampling of key thinkers in different ideological traditions and places them in their historical and political contexts. Used on its own or with Political Ideologies and the Democratic Ideal, the title accounts for the different ways people use ideology and conveys the ongoing importance of ideas in politics. NEW TO THIS EDITION Paul Krugman,'The Conscience of a Liberal'(A distinguished Nobel Laureate's defense of liberalism as a kind of rational conservatism, inasmuch as it seeks to conserve the gains and reforms of the New Deal and the Great Society – Social Security, Medicare, minority voting rights, environmental protection, and more.) Robert George, et al.,'Manhattan Declaration: A Call of Christian Conscience'(The authors and signers of this 2009 declaration contend that the secularizing of America has gone too far and that Christians must work to reverse this trend.) Bernie Sanders,'On Democratic Socialism in the United States'(The fiery former candidate for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination, who calls himself a'democratic socialist,'offers an unapologetic defense of his creed.) bell hooks,'Feminism is for Everybody'(A distinguished feminist theorist and author argues that feminism isn't only for or about women, but benefits everyone.) Val Plumwood,'Feminism and the Mastery Nature'(An eminent Australian ecofeminist emphasizes what feminists bring to the debate over human beings'role and relationship with nature.) Vine Deloria, Jr.,'On Liberation'(A prominent Native American author and thinker outlines his vision of native people's liberation.) Pope Francis,'Laudato Si': On Care for our Common Home'(The current Pope's pleas for Christians and others to address climate change and other environmental issues.) Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi,'Declaration of a Caliphate'(The radical Islamist leader or caliph of Islamic State [ISIS] announces the creation of a spiritual and geographic home for all'true'Muslims.)

This brief and affordable introductory book places ideology at the center of contemporary life, unmasking its role in shaping important social relationships. Offering both an historical overview of the concept as well as current questions about who pays, profits from, controls, or is victimized by current social arrangements, Ideology aims to move us beyond the'narcosis'of socialization and into the space of authentic citizenship. Beginning with Marx and C. Wright Mills, and moving through Mannheim and Althusser, Postmodernism, Freire, Chomsky, and bell hooks, the authors analyze ideology in classic political terms but also by looking at how race, gender, and class are incorporated into educational, media, and entertainment experiences. They close with a discussion of the public/private dichotomy and attempts to reclaim citizen space within modern democracies. In the process, Bailey and Gayle offer an understanding of the power of ideology in our lives as well as a set of principles for social action.

Elections are a fundamental element of democracy, since elected governments reflect voter preferences. At the same time, it is inevitable that policies pursued by any government closely resemble the preferences of some citizens, while alienating others who hold different views. Previous works have examined how institutional settings facilitate or hinder policy proximity between citizens and governments. Building on their findings, the book explores a series of'so what'questions: how and to what extent does the distance between individual and government positions affect citizens'propensity to vote, protest, believe in democracy, and even feel satisfied with their lives?Using cross-national public opinion data, this book is an original scholarly research which develops theoretically grounded hypotheses to test the effect of citizen-government proximity on three dependent variables. After introducing the data (both public opinion surveys and country-level statistics) and the methodology to be used in subsequent chapters, one chapter each is devoted to how proximity or the absence thereof affects political participation, satisfaction with democracy, and happiness. Differences in political attitudes and behavior between electoral winners and losers, and ideological moderates and radicals, are also discussed in depth.

The global economic crisis has exposed the limits of neoliberalism and dramatically deepened social polarization. Yet, despite increasing social resistance and opposition, neoliberalism prevails globally. Radical alternatives, moreover, are only rarely debated. And if they are, such alternatives are reduced to new Keynesian and new developmental agendas, which fail to address existing class divisions and imperialist relations of domination. This collection of essays polarizes the debate between radical and reformist alternatives by exploring head-on the antagonistic structure of capitalist development. The contributors ground their proposals in an international, non-Eurocentric and Marxian inspired analysis of capitalism and its crises. From Latin America to Asia, Africa to the Middle East and Europe to the US, social and labour movements have emerged as the protagonists behind creating alternatives. This book's new generation of scholars has written accessible yet theoretically informed and empirically rich chapters elaborating radical worldwide strategies for moving beyond neoliberalism, and beyond capitalism. The intent is to provoke critical reflection and positive action towards substantive change.

The fifth edition of this leading text on political ideologies provides a clear and accessible introduction to the political creeds and doctrines that have dominated and shaped world politics.Ranging from traditional nineteenth-century ideologues such as liberalism, conservatism and socialism, to so-called'new'ideologies such as feminism, ecologism and political Islam, the author offers a clear exposition both of the historical development of each ideology and the impact each has had on contemporary political movements, parties and governments. Their distinctive ideas and values are highlighted, together with the competing, and sometimes conflicting, traditions which they have generated.This new edition has been thoroughly revised and updated throughout, with extended coverage given to key current issues such as multiculturalism and neo-conservatism. Andrew Heywood's uniquely student-friendly writing style is now supported by a range of learning features in each chapter.• Ideology Previews outline the nature of the ideologies and their central themes• On-page definitions give quick-reference explanations of key terms• Illustrated'Key Figure'Profiles provide detail on important thinkers and their major ideas•'Key Concept'boxes explore and unpack important ideas• Boxes on'Perspectives'and'Tensions'outline the differences within and between ideological traditions• Questions help to apply and reinforce understanding

Understanding Ideology enables the reader to recognize public expressions of an ideology,thereby avoiding gullibility and the consequences of ignorance. Of Karl Mannheim's classic dual conception of ideology, a Marxist-Freudian orientation is adopted. Supporting this is a critical conception of social alienation with aggressivity, narcissism, and socialization providing the psychological foundation for establishing any ideology. Operative in ideology are the same psychically defensive mechanisms Freud found in wishful dreams, neurotic repression, paranoia and mythology. Various forms of fallacious reasoning and propaganda sustain ideology. Finally dealt with is the possibility of escaping ideology as well as its difference from science.

Thoroughly revised and updated, this third edition provides a comprehensive account of the major political ideologies of the past two centuries. Provides an expanded and thoroughly updated account of the major political ideologies of the past two centuries, including liberalism, conservatism, socialism, anarchism, fascism, feminism, environmentalism, and nationalism Features a brand new chapter on fundamentalism, along with greater emphasis on the global impact of ideologies in general Examines the complex overlap and interplay of ideas that exist both within and between ideologies Incorporates the newest developments and scholarship in the field, and includes a helpful new glossary of key terms

Psychoanalysis is less merciful than Christianity. Where God the Father forgives our ignorance, psychoanalysis holds out no such hope. Ignorance is not a sufficient ground for forgiveness since it masks enjoyment; an enjoyment which erupts in those black holes in our symbolic universe that escape the Father's prohibition.Today, with the disintegration of state socialism, we are witnessing this eruption of enjoymnet in the re-emergence of aggressive nationalism and racism. With the lid of repression lifted, the desires that have emerged are far from democratic. To explain this apparent paradox, says Slavoj Zizek, socialist critical thought must turn to psychoanalysis.For They Know Not What They Do seeks to understand the status of enjoyment within ideological discourse, from Hegel through Lacan to these political and ideological deadlocks. The author's own enjoyment of'popular culture'makes this an engaging and lucid exposition, in which Hegel joins hands with Rossellini, Marx with Hitchcock, Lacan with Frankenstein, high theory with Hollywood melodrama.

This book deals with substantive issues that have the potential to enhance our understanding regarding how Marxist theory can be quite useful in interpreting Black specificities and the race paradigm. So far, Marxist theory has been excluded because it is supposedly class and economy reductionist, but the essence of this theory-dialectic-not only proves that it is a meaningful way of seeing racism for what it truly is, but also a way of filtering through the plethora of interpretations of what constitutes race. The timeliness of the approach should help revive discussion on ethnophilosophy as an ideology. So much academic consideration has led scholars to seriously underestimate ideology's extraordinary efficiency in blending into lived experience to the point where much of its most telling effects have become undetectable. This work suggests that critical theory must reorient itself and offers an important discussion on the dominant discourse of poststructuralism, postmodernism, postcolonialism, Marxism, African socialism, NZgritude, and Afrocentricity. The book's approach sheds a radical light on the claim for Black specificities and racism. It shows that racial and ethnological discourses are ideological and political mystifications, masking exploitation. Under such circumstances, racial and racist ideologies become cards to be played by the perpetrators or the victims, as the case studies of Haiti and South Africa illustrate. As can be seen, then, the intelligibility of racism and its various forms can only stem from an analysis of the social structures upon which they rest. Just to show how inextricably linked ideology, race, racism, political expansion, and economic domination are, the book looks at Africa and its Diaspora, revealing how Africans remain the scapegoat for racial'othering'in the global economy's ideological praxis. In so doing, the book is also able to include African intellectuals'perspectives that have often been omitted from the dialogue on critical theory, race, racism, and Black specificities.

The term'ideology'can cover almost any set of ideas, but its power to bewitch political activists results from its strange logic: part philosophy, part science, part spiritual revelation, all tied together in leading to a remarkable paradox--that the modern Western world, beneath its liberal appearance, is actually the most systematically oppressive system of despotism the world has ever seen. Alien Powers: The Pure Theory of Ideology takes this complex intellectual construction apart, analyzing its logical, rhetorical, and psychological devices and thus opening it up to critical analysis.Ideologists assert that our lives are governed by a hidden system. Minogue traces this notion to Karl Marx who taught intellectuals the philosophical, scientific, moral, and religious moves of the ideological game. The believer would find in these ideas an endless source of new liberating discoveries about the meaning of life, and also the grand satisfaction of struggling to overcome oppression. Minogue notes that while the patterns of ideological thought were consistent, there was little agreement on who the oppressor actually was. Marx said it was the bourgeoisie, but others found the oppressor to be males, governments, imperialists, the white race, or the worldwide Jewish conspiracy.Ideological excitement created turmoil in the twentieth century, but the defeat of the more violent and vicious ideologies--Nazism after 1945 and Communism after 1989--left the passion for social perfection as vibrant as ever. Activist intellectuals still seek to'see through'the life we lead. The positive goals of utopia may for the moment have faded, but the ideological hatred of modernity has remained, and much of our intellectual life has degenerated into a muddled and dogmatic skepticism. For Minogue, the complex task of'demystifying'the'demystifiers'requires that we should discover how ideology works. It must join together each of its complex strands of thought in order to understand the remarkable power of the whole.

Thomas Sowell's “extraordinary” explication of the competing visions of human nature lie at the heart of our political conflicts (New York Times)Controversies in politics arise from many sources, but the conflicts that endure for generations or centuries show a remarkably consistent pattern. In this classic work, Thomas Sowell analyzes this pattern. He describes the two competing visions that shape our debates about the nature of reason, justice, equality, and power: the'constrained'vision, which sees human nature as unchanging and selfish, and the'unconstrained'vision, in which human nature is malleable and perfectible. A Conflict of Visions offers a convincing case that ethical and policy disputes circle around the disparity between both outlooks.

Nancy Love's concise yet complete volume aims to inform students of their choices among political values. By exploring the assumptions of various ideologies and comparing their positions, students begin to understand political alternatives to be able to choose among them—in essence, they learn to think democratically. Offering historical and analytic context for the selections in her companion reader, Dogmas and Dreams, Love challenges students to consider the various ways ideological frameworks shape political actions.Reframing her approach in this second edition, Love examines how traditional left/right ideologies—liberalism and conservatism, socialism and fascism—are shifting to adapt to new political realities in an ever turbulent, post-9/11 world. She also discusses why alternative ideologies—feminism, environmentalism, fundamentalism, and globalization—may better convey our global political future. While pushing the boundaries of the left/right political spectrum, she looks at how grassroots social movements offer alternative ways to view ideological differences, from cluster-concepts to micro-discourses, and even a planetary galaxy.Expanded coverage includes:a new chapter on nationalism and globalization, which examines the work of Samuel Huntington, Kenichi Ohmae, Benjamin Barber, and many more, to explore fundamentalism in Islamic politicsincreased coverage of global environmental politics, including Shiva's Stolen Harvest and Kelly's Thinking Green, examining the relationships between developed and developing countriesfresh material on socialist politics post-1989 and the rise of neo-fascist movements in the United States and Europe, including analysis of Hayden and Flacks''The Port Huron Statement at 40'and Bob Moser's'The Age of Rage'an updated feminism chapter that considers the impact of third-wave, post-colonial, and so-called'power'feminists and incorporates new analysis of Wollstonecraft's A Vindication of the Rights of Woman and Mohanty's Under Western Eyes Revisited

Recent years have witnessed a resurgence of the ‘end of ideology'thesis, not as a theoretical stance but as a reaction to what appears to have been the decline of major ideological families, such as socialism, in a changing world order. Globalization, as well as internal national fragmentation of belief systems, have made it difficult to identify ideology in its conventional formats.Previously published as a special issue of The Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, this volume challenges the notion that we are living in a post-ideological age. It offers a theoretical framework for exploring some of the new manifestations of ideologies, and combines this with a series of case studies relating to recent ideational phenomena, such as populism, environmentalism and Islamic fundamentalism. The contributors reassess some typologies, such as the left-right axis, as an explanatory device and use ideology research to bring together different scholarly perspectives including party-political analysis, the history of ideas, post-Marxism, and movement politics.

Liberal Languages reinterprets twentieth-century liberalism as a complex set of discourses relating not only to liberty but also to welfare and community. Written by one of the world's leading experts on liberalism and ideological theory, it uses new methods of analyzing ideologies, as well as historical case studies, to present liberalism as a flexible and rich tradition whose influence has extended beyond its conventional boundaries. Michael Freeden argues that liberalism's collectivist and holistic aspirations, and its sense of change, its self-defined mission as an agent of developing civilization--and not only its deep appreciation of liberty--are central to understanding its arguments. He examines the profound political impact liberalism has made on welfare theory, on conceptions of poverty, on standards of legitimacy, and on democratic practices in the twentieth century. Through a combination of essays, historical case studies, and more theoretical chapters, Freeden investigates the transformations of liberal thought as well as the ideological boundaries they have traversed. He employs the complex theory of ideological analysis that he developed in previous works to explore in considerable detail the experimental interfaces created between liberalism and neighboring ideologies on the left and the right. The nature of liberal thought allows us to gain a better perspective on the ways ideologies present themselves, Freeden argues, not necessarily as dogmatic and alienated structures, but as that which emanates from the continuous creativity that open societies display.

This thought-provoking book points out that the most significant change in international relations in the 20th century was not the defeat of communism, nor the end of the Cold War, but the huge advances in communications technologies. Hisham Nazer, a leading Saudi Arabian intellectual and petroleum industry leader, argues that the West has used its control over these capabilities to superimpose its cultural and political values on the rest of the world. CNN, films and television, and the Internet have become the means of promoting Western products—including soft drinks, detergents, and even the ideals of democracy and human rights—in relatively powerless non-Western nations. This process of creating a global culture through the propagation of Western political and philosophical constructs as world brands poses grave dangers for the entire international community. As countries become aware of their exploitation, the possibilities for frustration and violence become increasingly real.Power of a Third Kind is directed toward Western and non-Western leaders alike. For the former, it provides a new perspective from outside the mirror of our Western culture, pointing out that current practices are actually endangering the security of our hemisphere. The author calls on Western leaders to work on a dialogue with other societies as an alternative to exporting to them a monologue designed for passive absorption. And for the latter, this book will inspire them to steer out of their current course in time to protect their histories and the integrity of their cultures. Through meaningful dialogue, well-meaning nations will find a way for the most beneficial aspects of Western culture—self-rule and basic human rights—to evolve within the context of local cultures, resulting in a world both more stable and more humane.

This study examines the development of Marxist-Leninist ideology in the U.S.S.R. from its origins to the collapse of the Soviet regime. Alfred Evans argues that Soviet Marxism-Leninism was subject to significant adaptation under various leaders, contrary to the widespread impression that official Soviet ideology remained static after Stalin. While taking account of scholarly literature on each of the periods covered, the work is significant for being based principally on an analysis of primary (Soviet) sources. Evans'integrated analysis of changes in ideology during the post-Stalin decades is an important contribution to the literature in political science, political economy, and Soviet studies.