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Using the case study of'Eddie'as his framework, Professor Miller challenges the prevailing notion that musical savants are essentially phenomenal tape recorders and deals with the issue of'idiot savants'in a detailed, empirical investigation. Through'Eddie'the author discusses, in specific and in general, topics including the background and historical context of musical savants; other cases; data regarding the nature of the skills exhibited and the associated developmental deficits; and descriptions of a series of experiments used to define Eddie's talent. Finally, the author considers more general issues raised by savant behavior, particularly functions served by savant behavior, theories regarding its etiology, and its role in general development.

This volume addresses the topic of self-injurious behavior (SIB) in per­ sons with developmental disabilities. Among professionals and the lay public alike, there is little debate over the seriousness of self-injury, its detrimental effects, and the need for therapeutic intervention. At the same time, there are divergent views concerning its etiology and treat­ ment. Understanding the causes of self-injury, for example, requires an analysis of biological factors, socioenvironmental variables, communica­ tion competencies, and in complex clinical cases, the interrelationships among these influences. There is also uncertainty with regard to the function of self-injury. Put simply, why would people willingly inflict injury upon themselves? Finally, although there is little disagreement about the necessity to intervene for self-injury, clinicians do not make uniform therapeutic recommendations, and, in fact, considerable dif­ ferences in treatment selection are common. This fact is most apparent when one considers the ongoing controversy with regard to aversive and nonaversive programming. Our premise for this volume is that a greater understanding of self­ injurious behavior is dependent upon an empirical research base. Theories of causality must be conceptually valid and capable of being evaluated objectively. Treatment must be functionally determined, operationalized, and replicable across personnel and settings. For these reasons, we have assembled chapters by individuals who are experi­ enced clinicians and researchers in the fields of psychology, medicine, psychiatry, education, psychopharmacology, and developmental dis­ abilities.

Ce livre analyse le concept de l'intelligence ; il traite de la question du diagnostique, tant au plan neuropsychologique qu'étiologique. Il s'efforce ainsi d'intégrer plusieurs domaines concernés et de démystifier le jargon qui les caractérise. Il aborde des facteurs culturels, sociaux et économiques, les problèmes de santé physique communément associés à la déficience intellectuelle ainsi que les troubles psychiatriques, le vieillissement, la fin de vie et la représentation de la mort.