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The book focuses on the threat to free self-development and the effort to ward off a perceived threat of extinction as well as the development of self-preservation forces. The challenges for ethnic and religious minorities in the 19th–21st centuries are explained and unfolded against the historical background that serves as a frame of reference. The royal privileges granted in medieval Hungary were abolished in the mid-19th century. The German-speaking people's church (Saxones) in Transylvania founded on this had to reorient itself, although a pioneer region of religious freedom had established itself behind the “Ottoman Curtain”. Since the reception of the Reformation, the “Saxones” had been Protestant. At the end of the 19th century, after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise, this minority realised the concept of cultural Protestantism in its purest form: ethnicity and religion were understood to be congruent. Homogeneity of society was the ideal, and affiliation with the German Empire was intensified. Economy, science, culture, language as well as school and church were understood as a unity; segregation and emigration were frowned upon. This concept fell into crisis due to various developments, including economic ones – especially after the annexation of Romania in 1918. National Socialism was widely adopted, along with anti-Semitism. For exponents of the church leadership, the Confessio Augustana only served as a label. On the one hand, external pressure under communist rule brought about a (only conditionally possible) retraditionalisation, on the other hand, it led to the bleeding out of the congregations due to increased emigration. Free development has only started again since the political upheaval in 1989. The church, which has become small, conveys important impulses and serves as a bridge to ecumenism.

Das Gebiet entlang des Rheingrabens ist eine Pionierregion für die reformatorische Bewegung. Das in ihr ablaufende Zusammenspiel vielfältigster Prozesse gewinnt paradigmatische Bedeutung für das Verständnis der Reformation. Mit der Wiederentdeckung räumlicher Dimensionen in der jüngeren Forschung gelingt es, diese Forschungsansätze auf die klassischen Felder der Territorialgeschichte zu erweitern. So kommen wichtige Territorien wie die Pfalz, Württemberg oder die Kirchenorganisationen des Erzbistums Mainz und weiterer Bistümer in den Blick. Die vordringliche Aufgabe des vorliegenden Bandes ist es, diese komplexe Gemengelage zu erheben und zu beschreiben. Die 25 Untersuchungen behandeln drei Themenkreise: Machtverhältnisse, Bildungslandschaft und den Zusammenhang von Strategien und Konflikten. Systematisch wird das Verhältnis der regionalen konsequent mit der Reichs- und der europäischen Reformationsgeschichte ausgelotet.