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Rearrangements with Migration to Electrophilic Heteroatomic Centers: Timeless Classics in Organic Synthesis covers the basic principles and synthetic applications of a critically important class of organic reactions that date back to the founding period of organic chemistry. These reactions are not only of historical and pedagogical interest, but also have great practical value to this day, being inevitable in any strategy concerning the introduction of nitrogen and oxygen functionality. The book is made up of three parts, dealing with the Beckmann reaction, the Hoffmann family of reactions and the Baeyer-Villiger reaction.The book strikes a balance between delineation and exhaustiveness, with up-to-date refences for readers requiring in-depth coverage. Relevant industrial applications, including pharmaceutical processes, are included. - Summarizes mechanistic background with an emphasis on synthetic applications - Includes up-to-date references that allow for locating original papers for experimental procedures - Provides applications in the synthesis of complex molecules and natural products to judge the scope and limitations of each reaction

In the ten years since the first edition appeared the renaissance in Free Radical Polymerization has continued to gain momentum. In this second revised edition, the authors critically evaluate the findings of the last decade, where necessary reinterpreting earlier work in the light of these ideas, and point to the areas where current and future research is being directed. The overall aim is to provide a framework for further extending our understanding of free radical polymerization and create a definable link between synthesis conditions and polymer structure and properties. The authors have updated all chapters, and added many new references and two new chapters to reflect the significant advances made in radical polymerization. One new chapter has been devoted to the area of living radical polymerization which is now responsible for a very substantial fraction of the papers in the field. In addition to offering polymers with unique compositions and properties not achievable with other methodologies, living radical polymerization has also been combined with other processes and mechanisms to give structures and architectures that were not previously thought possible. The developments are seen to have great application particularly in the emerging areas of electronics, biotechnology and nanotechnology. - An excellent text suitable for graduates in polymer chemistry and a reference source for researchers and practitioners in radical polymerization - Seven chapters revised and updated with eight years of new research - A new chapter devoted to the growing field of living radical polymerization

Progress in Heterocyclic Chemistry (PHC), Volume 36 is the latest in this annual review series commissioned by the International Society of Heterocyclic Chemistry (ISHC). Volumes in the series contain both highlights of the previous year's literature on heterocyclic chemistry and articles on new and developing topics of particular interest to heterocyclic chemists. The highlight chapters in this volume are all written by leading researchers in their fields, and these chapters constitute a systematic survey of the important original material reported in the literature of heterocyclic chemistry in 2023.As with previous volumes in the series, this update will enable academic and industrial chemists, and advanced students, to keep abreast of developments in heterocyclic chemistry in a convenient way. - Recognized as the premiere review of heterocyclic chemistry - Includes contributions from leading researchers in the field - Provides a systematic survey of the important 2023 heterocyclic chemistry literature - Presents articles on new and developing topics of interest to heterocyclic chemist

Computational Phytochemistry, Second Edition, explores how recent advances in computational techniques and methods have been embraced by phytochemical researchers to enhance many of their operations, refocusing and expanding the possibilities of phytochemical studies. By applying computational aids and mathematical models to extraction, isolation, structure determination, and bioactivity testing, researchers can obtain highly detailed information about phytochemicals and optimize working approaches. This book aims to support and encourage researchers currently working with or looking to incorporate computational methods into their phytochemical work. Topics in this book include computational methods for predicting medicinal properties, optimizing extraction, isolating plant secondary metabolites, and building dereplicated phytochemical libraries. The roles of high-throughput screening, spectral data for structural prediction, plant metabolomics, and biosynthesis are all reviewed before the application of computational aids for assessing bioactivities and virtual screening is discussed. Illustrated with detailed figures and supported by practical examples, this book is an indispensable guide for all those involved with the identification, extraction, and application of active agents from natural products. This new edition captures remarkable advancements in mathematical modeling and computational methods that have been incorporated in phytochemical research, addressing, e.g., extraction, isolation, structure determination, and bioactivity testing of phytochemicals. - Includes step-by-step protocols for various computational and mathematical approaches applied to phytochemical research - Features clearly illustrated chapters contributed by highly reputable researchers - Covers all key areas in phytochemical research, including virtual screening and metabolomics

Specialized Plant Metabolites as Cosmeceuticals presents a comprehensive guide to traditional medicinal plants that are used in the field of cosmetics. Chapters cover geographical distribution, extraction of key components from each plant, traditional uses, pharmacognostic characteristics, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and future prospects. This book will be a valuable asset for researchers and graduate students of chemistry, botany, biotechnology, microbiology, cosmetology and the pharmaceutical sciences. As medicinal plants are a rich source of a variety of bioactive secondary metabolites, their wide range of pharmacological applications as antibiotics, antifungals, anticancer agents, and antimicrobial and antiviral applications provide new and exciting avenues. In addition, they have great implications for the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and personal care product industries. Secondary metabolites also ecofriendly, cost effective, biocompatible and cause less side effects as compare to synthetic compounds. - Highlights comprehensive information on major classes of plant secondary metabolites with potent cosmeceutical applications - Provides details on the encapsulation of secondary metabolites for the betterment of cosmeceutical products - Covers toxicity of secondary metabolite based cosmeceuticals

Natural products in the plant and animal kingdom offer a huge diversity of chemical structures that are the result of biosynthetic processes that have been modulated over the millennia through genetic effects. With the rapid developments in spectroscopic techniques and accompanying advances in high-throughput screening techniques, it has become possible to isolate and then determine the structures and biological activity of natural products rapidly, thus opening up exciting opportunities in the field of new drug development to the pharmaceutical industry. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry covers the synthesis or testing and recording of the medicinal properties of natural products, providing cutting edge accounts of the fascinating developments in the isolation, structure elucidation, synthesis, biosynthesis and pharmacology of a diverse array of bioactive natural products. - Focuses on the chemistry of bioactive natural products - Contains contributions by leading authorities in te field - Presents sources of new pharmacophores

Chemometrics: Data Treatment and Applications demonstrates the best practices for treating real-world analytical instrument data and how to apply chemometrics to this data. Rather than focusing on the mathematical theory involved in chemometrics, this book is meant for the industrial chemist, and academics and advanced students that want to use chemometrics in practice. Case studies on several applications are presented. Unlike existing literature, this book focuses on best practices, practical realities, and challenges when treating data, rather than on the mathematical theory. It also provides basic information on chemometrics, several chapters on how to treat, and the best practices used to treat, data from different analytical instruments, as well as case studies and uses of chemometrics in different fields. The book is written primarily for analytic chemists as practitioners in analytical laboratories and other industries. It will also be useful to academics and graduate, masters and postdoc students chiefly working in analytical chemistry who want to improve the practical aspects of their research activities. - Presents topical and important chapters for the most-used analytical instruments - Focuses on practical issues in the implementation of chemometrics - Examines advances in the application of chemometrics in several fields - Includes frank perspectives on what works well for the data of a certain analytical instrument given the multiple choices of mathematical models and protocols that can be applied - Covered protocols are heavily illustrated with case studies showing their potential use and the advances in chemometrics

Extensive experimentation and high failure rates are a well-recognised downside to the drug discovery process, with the resultant high levels of inefficiency and waste producing a negative environmental impact. Sustainable and Green Approaches in Medicinal Chemistry, Second Edition reveals how medicinal chemistry can play a direct role in addressing this issue. After providing essential context to the growth of green chemistry in relation to drug discovery, the book goes on to identify a broad range of practical techniques and useful insights, revealing how medicinal chemistry techniques can be used to improve efficiency, mitigate failure and increase the environmental benignity of the entire drug discovery process. Drawing on the knowledge of a global team of experts, Sustainable and Green Approaches in Medicinal Chemistry 2e encourages the growth of green medicinal chemistry, and supports medicinal chemists, drug discovery researchers, pharmacologists and all those in related fields across both academia and industry in integrating these approaches into their own work. This first volume of the second edition covers synthesis methods following green chemistry principles, contributing to sustainability by saving energy, using lesser toxic reagents/solvents/catalysts and environmentally benign sources including plants and agricultural materials. - Highlights the need for the adoption of sustainable and green chemistry pathways in drug development - Reveals risk factors associated with the drug development process and the ways sustainable approaches can help address these factors - Identifies novel and cost effective green medicinal chemistry approaches for improved efficiency and sustainability

Antimicrobial Peptides: A Roadmap for Accelerating Discovery and Development covers the most important efforts of scientists and engineers worldwide to accelerate the process of discovery, production, and eventual market penetration of more potent antimicrobial peptides. These efforts have been fueled by emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and data science, molecular and CFD simulations, easy-to-use process simulation packages, microfluidics, 3D-printing, among many others. Such technologies can now be implemented and scaled up quickly and at relatively low cost in low-budget production facilities, critical to moving to sustainable and marketable products worldwide. Discovering novel antimicrobial peptides rationally and cost-effectively has emerged as one of the significant challenges of modern biotechnology. Thus far, this process has been tedious and costly, resulting in molecules with activities far below those needed to address the current challenge of microbial resistance to antibiotics that takes the lives of thousands of people around the world every year. Finally, the book also highlights how multidisciplinary teams have assembled to address the challenges of manufacturing, biological testing, and clinical trials to finally reach complete translation. - Covers computational tools (including emerging artificial intelligence algorithms) and microfluidic systems for discovery and high-throughput screening of AMPs - Discusses the application of bioprocess engineering scale-up approaches for AMPs'production and purification with the aid of process simulation tools and rapid prototyping - Highlights user-centered design and formulation of products with AMPs - Describes the whole pipeline for AMPs production

Natural products in the plant and animal kingdom offer a huge diversity of chemical structures that are the result of biosynthetic processes that have been modulated over the millennia through genetic effects. With the rapid developments in spectroscopic techniques and accompanying advances in high-throughput screening techniques, it has become possible to isolate and then determine the structures and biological activity of natural products rapidly, thus opening up exciting opportunities in the field of new drug development to the pharmaceutical industry. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry covers the synthesis or testing and recording of the medicinal properties of natural products, providing cutting edge accounts of the fascinating developments in the isolation, structure elucidation, synthesis, biosynthesis and pharmacology of a diverse array of bioactive natural products. - Focuses on the chemistry of bioactive natural products - Contains contributions by leading authorities in the field - Presents sources of new pharmacophores

Extensive experimentation and high failure rates are a well-recognized downside to the drug discovery process, with the resultant high levels of inefficiency and waste producing a negative environmental impact. Sustainable and Green Approaches in Medicinal Chemistry 2e reveals how medicinal chemistry can play a direct role in addressing this issue. After providing essential context to the growth of green chemistry in relation to drug discovery, the book goes on to identify a broad range of practical techniques and useful insights, revealing how medicinal chemistry techniques can be used to improve efficiency, mitigate failure and increase the environmental benignity of the entire drug discovery process. Drawing on the knowledge of a global team of experts, Sustainable and Green Approaches in Medicinal Chemistry, Second Edition encourages the growth of green medicinal chemistry, and supports medicinal chemists, drug discovery researchers, pharmacologists and all those in related fields across both academia and industry in integrating these approaches into their own work. This second volume of the second edition includes the development of nanoparticles and nanocomposites, as well as the application of ultrasound and microwave-induced methods; studies solventless synthesis; defines the role of steroids; studies reactions in aqueous solution; identifies enzyme-mediated reactions; investigates ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents; explores natural products; investigates solid supports; realizes the effects of salts; focuses on combinatorial chemistry; develops one-pot methods; analyzes multi-component reactions; investigates dipole moment values; and examines computer-assisted methods. - Highlights the need for adoption of sustainable and green chemistry pathways in drug development - Reveals risk factors associated with the drug development process and the ways sustainable approaches can help address these - Identifies novel and cost effective green medicinal chemistry approaches for improved efficiency and sustainability

Recent Advances in Organometallic Chemistry: Synthetic, Mechanistic and Medicinal Perspective highlights recent advancements in the field of organometallic chemistry. Containing essential information for researchers and advanced-level students, especially those working in chemical synthesis, the book describes the role of organometallic compounds in different combinations in organic synthesis and pharmaceuticals as well as discussing spectral, magnetic and sensing features of the compounds. Including the role of computational investigations towards the mechanistic study of biomimic complexes in catalytic transformation reactions, the book provides a large number of examples along with their leading applications in other fields.Each chapter covers basic strategies, which are illustrated along with examples of the latest advancements in the field and in-depth explanations. - Covers the basics of bonding, synthesis and properties of organometallic compounds - Includes the role of computational chemistry and magnetochemistry - Features recent developments with examples and applications

Antidotes to Toxins and Drugs: From Natural Sources to Drug Discovery in Toxicology presents recent advances in the discovery of natural antidotes to toxins, drug intoxications and overdoses in pharmacology, drug discovery and toxicology. The text provides detailed information about toxins and their natural antidotes, along with the identification and screening of antidotes for drug intoxications and overdoses. Written by a global team of experts, it describes the potential uses of natural products in toxicology and their applications in medicine and in the pharmaceutical sciences. This book will be a key resource for drug developers, medicinal chemists and toxicologists, among others.Sections shine a particular focus on mechanisms of action, various principles in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics terms, and possible sources and synthesis techniques for these phytochemicals. - Details recent advances in the discovery of natural antidotes from medicinal plants and phytochemicals - Includes advances in the discovery of antidotes to drug intoxications and overdoses - Describes modern screening assays for toxins and drug intoxications - Features information on recent advances in toxicology

Deep Eutectic Solvents highlights well-established research and technology on applications of DESs in corrosion sciences, protein chemistry, and organic synthesis, as well as separation science. This book provides state-of-the-art research that will revolutionize modern practices. Neoteric solvents have been proposed as a better substitute to these harmful organic solvents, and scientists have come up with various neoteric solvents in the last few years like Deep Eutectic solvents (DESs). DESs are defined as a system formed from a eutectic mixture of Lewis or Brønsted acids and bases with various ionic species- whereas ionic liquids (ILs) consist of a discrete anion and a cation. DESs stand out as a greener and cheaper neoteric solvent as compared to ILs. DESs are denser than water and fairly polar, thus can be utilized as non-aqueous substitute to water in many separation processes. DESs have very high distribution coefficient of solutes, and even dissolves gases and metal oxides selectively. They also readily dissolve organic macromolecules, thereby becoming useful in pharmacological applications. - Includes the latest updates application of DESs, from synthesis to applications - Provides in-depth and step-by-step description of knowledge on synthesis, characterization, investigation through computational tools, and applications in different fields - Presents chronological advancements for using industrial scale corrosion inhibitors in modern industrial platforms

Organic Radicals summarizes the applications of these materials in several fields, in addition to analyzing challenges, limitations and impacts of materials containing organic radicals on human, plants, water, soil, and animals. Sections cover uses of organic radicals as effective precursors for block molecules building and discuss their effectiveness as precursors of organic radical- containing materials synthesis and their applications in medicine, biology, electronics, environmental sciences, plastics synthesis, polymers building and the several impacts after organic radicals uses. In recent years, the rapid development of organic radical-containing materials has afforded an interesting research area in various applications. - Covers the main proprieties and current techniques in organic radicals'measurements, advantages, and disadvantages - Analyzes the lifecycle analysis and the stability of organic radicals, their biodegradability, and biocompatibility - Provides a comprehensive overview about the chemical synthesis of organic radicals, their physiochemical proprieties, and risks caused by the presence of high amounts of organic radicals

Herbal Formulations, Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy combines the principles of natural medicines with refined modern technology to illustrate and promote the development of more ecofriendly, better effective, easily available and affordable drug discovery processes. The book provides classical and applied knowledge in drug discovery to broadly cover related aspects like herbal formulations, phytochemistry and pharmacogenetic research. The drug discovery process accelerates the design of new leads for various life-threatening diseases and natural medicines and has been an integral part of drug discovery, playing a major role as a template and offering holistic approaches for the management of various diseases. - Explores natural products as potential source of novel drugs with new modes of action - Covers recent developments, reporting up-to-date methods - Combines principles of natural medicines with refined modern technology

Synthesis of Metal-Organic Frameworks via Water-Based Routes: A Green and Sustainable Approach describes a sustainable approach for the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks. Bringing together chapters on the aqueous synthesis and stability of metal-organic frameworks, as well as the applications of water stable metal-organic frameworks, this timely book shows how green processing technology utilizing water as a main solvent for the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks can eliminate solvent consumption, lower investment costs and reduce energy requirements. Providing quantitative descriptions and reliable guidelines, the book summarizes the fundamental approaches and principles to prepare metal-organic frame works, highlighting the most exciting preparations and applications. - Includes the role of water in metal organic synthesis - Describes various methods of metal-organic framework preparation - Covers the industrial aspects of water-based metal-organic frameworks and potential applications

Synthesis of Epoxides explores different techniques for making epoxides, both old and new, and delves into the growing field of heterocyclic chemistry. The book presents a variety of methods that will help readers figure out which one best suits their specific needs. Diazo compounds are important synthetic intermediates in organic synthesis, but because of their unpredictable, explosive nature and toxicity their unique reactivity has not been fully exploited and their use at large scale has been avoided. Readers, including students in chemistry, will learn about different methods and important information, allowing them to evaluate which method is most suitable in particular cases.The synthetic usefulness of diazo compounds cannot be overlooked despite their danger. Because of their ylide and 1,3-dipole nature, the diazo compounds have a unique reactivity. The diazo compounds can be utilized for various different conversions including S-ylide-assisted epoxidation, cyclopropanation, or aziridination reactions. This book describes the new and classic methods for the synthesis of epoxides and covers an important and rapidly growing branch of heterocyclic chemistry. - Explores different ways of synthesizing epoxides - Highlights the wide use of three-membered heterocyclic epoxides in pharmaceutical industry - Includes centralized, comprehensive protocols for the synthesis of epoxides

Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, Volume 83 covers the synthesis or testing and recording of the medicinal properties of natural products, providing cutting-edge accounts of fascinating developments in the isolation, structure elucidation, synthesis, biosynthesis, and pharmacology of a diverse array of bioactive natural products. Natural products in the plant and animal kingdom offer a huge diversity of chemical structures that are the result of biosynthetic processes that have been modulated over the millennia through genetic effects. With the rapid developments in spectroscopic techniques and accompanying advances in high-throughput screening techniques, it has become possible to isolate and then determine the structures and biological activity of natural products rapidly, thus opening up exciting opportunities in the field of new drug development to the pharmaceutical industry. - Focuses on the chemistry of bioactive natural products - Contains contributions by leading authorities in the field - Presents sources of new pharmacophores

Human Microbiome Drug Targets: Modern Approaches in Disease Management presents fundamental information on the human microbiome, looking into the relationship between the microbiome and how it changes with specific diseases. Delving into the multifaceted roles of the microbiome in health and disease, the book's chapters discuss the role of the human microbiome in the pathophysiologic understanding of relevant diseases or disorders and their management. As changes in the human microbiome can provide clues to the probable cause and effect of diseases or disorders, as well as the impacts of therapy or intervention, this book is a welcomed addition to the existing research. Explaining how a better understanding of the microbiome and its impact on health and disease can pave the way for future discoveries leading to better health outcomes, this book will be of interest to drug developers, medicinal chemists, microbiologists, infectious disease specialists, biochemists, and students. - Provides readers with background information on the human microbiome, its evolution, and current understanding - Includes chapters dedicated to the importance of the human microbiome as'drugs'and as drug targets - Serves as a guide to drug developers working in pharma, biotech, and academia, bringing together the latest research on the topic

Oxazole, Isoxazole, Benzoxazole Based Drug Discovery offers complete coverage of oxazole and related molecules, both from natural and synthetic origin, with a focus on the reaction mechanisms, and medicinal, pharmacokinetic and computational aspects. New and contemporary methods of synthesis are discussed, with a special focus on green, environment-friendly procedures. Discussion of stereochemical studies, particularly on natural molecules, are included. Computational chemistry has emerged as an integral tool for drug discovery, hence this book explains how the drug candidate is established as suitable for clinical trials with the help of molecular docking and virtual screening modeling. This book offers a broad range of recent developments and detailed coverage of synthesis and biological activities of the drugs, and is an ideal reference guide to researchers working in organic and medicinal chemistry. - Presents detailed coverage of chemical structures and practical synthetic methods of oxazoles, isoxazoles and benzoxazoles in drug discovery - Includes green, environmentally-friendly novel synthetic methods and mechanistic insights - Features biological and computational aspects of the oxazoles family of drugs, including virtual screening and molecular docking

Natural products in the plant and animal kingdom offer a huge diversity of chemical structures that are the result of biosynthetic processes that have been modulated over the millennia through genetic effects. With the rapid developments in spectroscopic techniques and accompanying advances in high-throughput screening techniques, it has become possible to isolate and then determine the structures and biological activity of natural products rapidly, thus opening up exciting opportunities in the field of new drug development to the pharmaceutical industry. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry covers the synthesis or testing and recording of the medicinal properties of natural products, providing cutting edge accounts of the fascinating developments in the isolation, structure elucidation, synthesis, biosynthesis and pharmacology of a diverse array of bioactive natural products. - Focuses on the chemistry of bioactive natural products - Contains contributions by leading authorities in the field - Presents sources of new pharmacophores

The smallest possible saturated azaheterocycle, aziridine, is well-known to organic chemists for its tremendous potential in pharmaceutical chemistry and organic synthesis. The general biological importance of aziridines is proven by the fact that they found several uses as subunits in pharmacologically active compounds such as antitumor agents, enzyme inhibitors, and antibiotics. Although aziridines are highly reactive, this framework occurs in many synthetic compounds and the natural products of biological interest also contain aziridine skeleton in their structures. The synthetic community is captivated with prospects of selective synthesis and conversions of aziridines. Several important advances in this area have been witnessed in recent years and discovering efficient novel methods for the synthesis of aziridines has been very active field of research. Its powerful synthetic utility has been described by an overpowering amount of documentation on the approaches for the formation of aziridine. Synthesis of Aziridines and Oxaziridines from Imines describes the new and old methods for the synthesis of aziridines from imines and covers an important and rapidly growing branch of heterocyclic chemistry. Readers will have access to different methods and information allowing them to evaluate which method is most suitable for particular cases. - Focuses on the biological importance of different heterocycles - Describes traditional and innovative methods for the synthesis of aziridines from imines - Includes comparison amongst different methods, reagents, reaction conditions in tabulated forms, advantages, disadvantages, and critical analysis of different methodologies with respect to their comparison with green technique

Synthetic Strategies in Carbohydrate Chemistry covers carbohydrate synthesis and its widespread application in various disciplines including catalysis. Basic and advanced aspects of carbohydrates are covered, starting with a brief introduction and then followed by protection-deprotection strategies in carbohydrate chemistry, glycosidic bond formation methodology, and their impact in oligosaccharide synthesis. Recent synthetic approaches for O-glycosides, N-glycosides, thioglycosides and C-glycosides, Intramolecular Aglycon Delivery (IAD), and carbohydrate modification are discussed, as well as stereoelectronic factors that control the chemical and biochemical behavior of carbohydrates in living cells. In addition, diverse applications of synthetic carbohydrate chemistry are covered, including sugar-based chiral catalyst in stereoselective synthesis, sugar-based ionic liquids, one-pot tandem reactions in carbohydrates, total synthesis of glycoconjugated natural products, impact of sugar in drug discovery and development, vaccine development, and glycoengineering. This reference is essential reading for researchers working in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry, and will be useful to those working in total synthesis, novel synthetic methodology, catalysis, polymer science, glycobiology, medicinal chemistry, and process development chemistry. - Presents a practical and detailed overview on glycosylation methodology - Covers automated glycosylation strategies in glycan synthesis - Includes recent progress in the synthesis and significance of diverse thio-glycosides, C-glycosides, imino sugars and carbasugars - Highlights the impact of enzymes in glycan synthesis - Discusses the recent approaches for the synthesis of neoglycoconjugates

Natural products in the plant and animal kingdom offer a huge diversity of chemical structures that are the result of biosynthetic processes that have been modulated over the millennia through genetic effects. With the rapid developments in spectroscopic techniques and accompanying advances in high-throughput screening techniques, it has become possible to isolate and then determine the structures and biological activity of natural products rapidly, thus opening up exciting opportunities in the field of new drug development to the pharmaceutical industry. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry covers the synthesis or testing and recording of the medicinal properties of natural products, providing cutting edge accounts of the fascinating developments in the isolation, structure elucidation, synthesis, biosynthesis and pharmacology of a diverse array of bioactive natural products. - Focuses on the chemistry of bioactive natural products - Contains contributions by leading authorities in the field - Presents sources of new pharmacophores

Renewable Dyes and Pigments takes an interdisciplinary approach to bridging the gap between established knowledge of traditional natural dyes and pigments and their emerging aspects in various rapidly growing industrial sectors. Research into new natural dye and pigment sources along with the discovery of sophisticated instrumentation and technology for their processing, characterization, and applications has greatly assisted in widening their scope in various advanced application disciplines is covered, along with information on a number of synthetic dyes and their detrimental effects on the environment and associated allergic, toxic, carcinogenic, and harmful responses. Amidst growing environmental and health concerns, eco-friendly, non-toxic dyes and pigments from renewable materials have re-emerged as a potential viable, sustainable option as an alternative or co-partner to synthetic compounds. This book covers a wide range of topics related to the chemistry and applications of natural dyes and pigments, with an emphasis on recent technological developments in textile dyeing, the food sector and the use of natural pigments in dye-sensitized solar cells, and more. - Covers sources, chemistry and processing of dyes and pigments from renewable sources using advanced techniques - Summarizes technological developments in textile dyeing and their potential applications in other demanding sectors - Examines and discusses the future of renewable dyes and pigments and outlines the major challenges in creating products and materials for textile, food and DSSC applications

Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, Volume 77 covers the synthesis or testing and recording of the medicinal properties of natural products, providing cutting-edge accounts of fascinating developments in the isolation, structure elucidation, synthesis, biosynthesis and pharmacology of a diverse array of bioactive natural products. With rapid developments in spectroscopic techniques and accompanying advances in high-throughput screening techniques, it has become possible to isolate and then determine the structures and biological activity of natural products rapidly, thus opening up exciting opportunities in the field of new drug development to the pharmaceutical industry. This book covers the synthesis or testing and recording of the medicinal properties of natural products, providing cutting edge accounts of the fascinating developments in the isolation, structure elucidation, synthesis, biosynthesis and pharmacology of a diverse array of bioactive natural products. - Focuses on the chemistry of bioactive natural products - Contains contributions by leading authorities in the field of natural products chemistry - Presents sources of new pharmacophores

Handbook of Biomolecules: Fundamentals, Properties and Applications is a comprehensive resource covering new developments in biomolecules and biomaterials and their industrial applications in the fields of bioengineering, biomedical engineering, biotechnology, biochemistry, and their detection methods using biosensors. This book covers the fundamentals of biomolecules, their roll in living organism, structure, sources, important characteristics, and the industrial applications of these biomaterials. Sections explore amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, metabolites and natural products, then go on to discuss purification techniques and detection methods. Applications in biomolecular engineering, biochemistry and biomedical engineering, among others, are discussed before concluding with coverage of biomolecules as anticorrosion materials. - Provides the chronological advancement of biomolecules, their biochemical reaction, and many modern industrial applications in engineering and science - Serves as a valuable source for researchers interested in the fundamentals, basics and modern applications of biomolecules - Covers both synthetic and natural biomolecule synthesis and purification processes and their modern applications - Bridges the gap between the fundamental science of biomolecular chemistry and the relevant technology and industrial applications

Plant Bioactives as Natural Panacea Against Age-induced Diseases: Nutraceuticals and Functional Lead Compounds for Drug Development presents comprehensive information on the complications of aging and the bioactive phytochemicals that in specific herbal formulations, including beverages, can mitigate them. The book extensively describes the current information on the role of plant bioactive components in delaying or preventing the aging process and associated complications, while also covering different strategies and scientific evidence of possible synergistic effects of these studies, enabling the formulation of more effective natural drugs to intervene in aging and associated events. Chapters cover the broad areas of plant bioactive compounds in promoting healthy aging and longevity, including balancing glucose homeostasis, in cognitive impairments, age-related diseases, food trends and the anti-aging diet in Asia and other regions, as well as the social and economic impact of dietary patterns in aging interventions. Written by a team of global experts. - Describes plant bioactives for specific age disorders - Focuses on the discovery of new herbal origin drugs and potential druggable targets for the treatment of chronic diseases of world importance - Includes cutting-edge research information on cell senescence during aging and assesses the plant bioactive compounds

Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, Volume 78 covers the synthesis or testing and recording of the medicinal properties of natural products, providing cutting-edge accounts of the fascinating developments in the isolation, structure elucidation, synthesis, biosynthesis and pharmacology of a diverse array of bioactive natural products. Natural products in the plant and animal kingdom offer a huge diversity of chemical structures that are the result of biosynthetic processes that have been modulated over the millennia through genetic effects. With rapid developments in spectroscopic techniques and accompanying advances in high-throughput screening techniques, it has become possible to isolate and then determine the structures and biological activity of natural products rapidly, thus opening up exciting opportunities in the field of new drug development to the pharmaceutical industry. - Focuses on the chemistry of bioactive natural products - Contains contributions by leading authorities in the field - Presents sources of new pharmacophores

Dihydropyrimidinones as Potent Anticancer Agents gives readers a unique update on scientific knowledge, accomplishments and recent advances in the medicinal chemistry of dihydropyrimidinones in cancer treatment. Dihydropyrimidinones are known to be active scaffold and have been reported to show some exceptional results with regards to malignancies. With ever increasing knowledge and information about synthesis, pharmacology and other aspects of dihydropyrimidinones, there is need to document such information in one place. Since the field of medicinal chemistry is dynamic, with new emerging trends, it provides readily available updated information on chemistry and pharmacology aspects of dihydropyrimidinones in cancer. This book covers everything about dihydropyrimidinones from synthesis, derivatives, mode of action and potential therapeutic targets. It will also provide insights about the clinical trials and way forward in cancer research of dihydropyrimidinones. - Covers dihydropyrimidinones synthesis, derivatives and mode of action - Includes recent advances in dihydropyrimidinones for cancer treatment - Highlights potential therapeutic targetsa

Oxetane Synthesis rings play an important role as versatile motifs both in the overall formation of natural products and in synthetic organic chemistry. Oxetanes are important motifs in pharmaceutical chemistry that can confer improved metabolic and physicochemical properties. These developments continue to enhance the use of oxetanes in medicinal chemistry. Thanks to the growing commercial accessibility of oxetane possessing building blocks, together with improved approaches for the formation, oxetanes are likely to be progressively utilized in medicinal chemistry programs. Oxetanes are becoming valuable as a result of their vast diversity of uses in medicinal chemistry and varying applications. Several procedures have been developed for the formation and ring-opening of oxetanes to give important compounds in agrochemical, medicinal and material sciences. Novel approaches have been developed for the synthesis of oxetanes. These methods depend on both established synthetic approaches and development of many novel approaches for the formation of oxetanes. - Highlights methods for the synthesis of oxetanes - Includes new developments that enhance the use of oxetanes in medicinal chemistry - Covers new approaches recently developed for the synthesis of oxetanes

Natural Products as Anticancer Agents introduces the different types of natural products that have been used for cancer treatment. Divided into four parts, covering anticancer agents derived from terrestrial plants, anticancer agents derived from the marine environment, and anticancer agents derived from microorganisms, as well as evaluation of new anticancer agents, each part includes discussion of the properties, synthesis/extraction, storage, mechanism of action, and usage of the molecules. Discussion of the future prospects in anticancer natural products—including several new trends and an indication of where research in this area is likely to go in the future—is also included. - Assists in the identification of risk factors associated with the drug development process - Includes process diagrams detailing the procedure for the isolation and purification of molecules - Covers cost-effective green approaches in the development of anticancer drugs

Progress in Heterocyclic Chemistry (PHC), Volume 35 is the latest in this annual review series that contains both highlights of the previous year's literature on heterocyclic chemistry and articles on new and developing topics of particular interest to heterocyclic chemists. Chapters in this new release are all written by leading researchers in their field, constituting a systematic survey of the important original material reported in the literature of heterocyclic chemistry in 2021. As with previous volumes in the series, this book will enable academic and industrial chemists, and advanced students, to keep abreast of developments in heterocyclic chemistry. - Presents articles on new and developing topics of interest to heterocyclic chemists - Provides a systematic survey of the important 2022 heterocyclic chemistry literature - Includes contributions from leading researchers in the field - Recognized as the premiere annual review of heterocyclic chemistry

Iodine-Assisted Synthesis of Six- and Seven-Membered Heterocycles covers both existing and the latest methods for the synthesis of various six- and seven-membered heterocycles using iodine. Covering an important and rapidly growing branch of heterocyclic chemistry, this book allows users easy access to the synthetic protocols for the synthesis of heterocycles, acting as a guide for how to make these important compounds employed as agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and veterinary products, using particular reagents. This book will be of interest to students, pharmacologists, biochemists, and organic and medicinal chemists. - Covers different methodologies for the synthesis of six- and seven-membered heterocycles using iodine - Includes the applications of six- and seven-membered heterocycles - Includes reactions schemes, mechanisms, and illustrations of the structure of reactive intermediates

Progress in Heterocyclic Chemistry: Volume 34, the latest in this annual review series commissioned by the International Society of Heterocyclic Chemistry (ISHC), contains both highlights of the previous year's literature on heterocyclic chemistry and articles on new developing topics of particular interest to heterocyclic chemists. Highlight chapters in Volume 34 are all written by leading researchers in their field, thus constituting a systematic survey of the important original material reported in the literature of heterocyclic chemistry in 2021. As with previous volumes in the series, Volume 34 will enable academic and industrial chemists and advanced students to keep abreast of developments in heterocyclic chemistry in a convenient way. - Recognized as the premiere review of heterocyclic chemistry - Includes contributions from leading researchers in the field - Provides a systematic survey of the important 2021 heterocyclic chemistry literature - Presents articles on new and developing topics of interest to heterocyclic chemist

5-Membered Heterocycle Synthesis Using Iodine presents both old and new methods for the synthesis of various five-membered heterocycles using iodine, providing information for making specific compounds using particular reagents. Heterocyclic frameworks represent the main structural subunits of many biologically active compounds and natural products, and the ability of heterocycles to act both as reactive pharmacophores and biomimetics has greatly contributed to their unique value as traditional key elements of various drugs. Contemporary developments in process chemistry and discovery emphasize novel sustainable synthetic pathways as fast and ecologically acceptable alternatives to the traditional protocols. This book serves as a guide for students, pharmacologists, biochemists, organic and medicinal chemists, researchers, and academic professionals to obtain easy access to synthetic protocols for different five-membered heterocycles using iodine. - Covers the applications of five-membered heterocycles - Highlights methodologies for the synthesis of five-membered heterocycles using iodine - Contains the most up-to-date information in this fast-moving field

Nanotechnology and In Silico Tools: Natural Remedies and Drug Discovery provides the latest information and updates in the area of drug discovery. It covers aspects like nanomedicines, bioinformatics, molecular docking, molecular modeling, QSAR, virtual screening and computational chemistry as well as metabolomics research using various tools. The drug discovery process accelerates the design of new leads for various life-threatening diseases and natural medicines. Silico tools have been an integral part of the drug discovery process, playing a major role as a template for drug discovery and offering a holistic approach to better management of various diseases. Nanotechnology and In Silico Tools: Natural Remedies and Drug Discovery combines the principles of natural medicines with refined modern technology to help chemists in the development of a more ecofriendly, and effective discovery process. - Combines principles of natural medicines with refined modern technology - Provides the latest updates on drug discovery - Covers technologies for synthetic products that can be applied for the investigation of plant-derived natural remedies

Phytochemicals have been present in human diet and life since the birth of mankind, including the consuming of plant foods and the application of herbal treatments. This coevolutionary interaction of plants and people has resulted in humans'reliance on food and medicinal plants as sources of macronutrients, micronutrients, and bioactive phytochemicals. Phytochemicals can be used as adjuvant agents and sensitizers in traditional antibiotic and anticancer therapy, reducing the potential of selecting resistant microbial strains and cancer cells. Recent Frontiers of Phytochemicals addresses the many processes of potential phytochemical evaluation of known sources, with a focus on phytochemical and pharmacological evaluations, and computational research into the structures and pharmacological mechanisms of natural products and their applications in medicine, food and biotech. - Novel extraction, characterization, and application method for phytochemicals in food, pharmacology, and biotechnology - Colour illustrations and extensive tables with state-of-art information - Covers potential sources of phytochemicals, their extraction and characterization techniques

Synthesis of Azetidines from Imines by Cycloaddition Reactions presents several methodologies for the synthesis of azetidines from imines by cycloaddition reactions. The azetidines, known as important contribution of science to humanity, are important organic compounds that have occupied a basic position in the pharmaceutical chemistry for over a hundred years because of their biological activities. They are the fundamental skeleton of several antibiotics, probiotics and alkaloids. The synthesis of azetidines is a constant challenge for medicinal chemists, hence this book comprehensively describes azetidine ring synthesis. With this book, readers will be able to quickly assess possible synthetic approaches and evaluate whether preparation of a four-membered nitrogen containing ring is reasonable. - Highlights cycloaddition reactions of imines - Covers the synthesis of azetidines

Nanoparticles in Green Organic Synthesis: Strategy towards Sustainability presents the fundamental and latest practical uses of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) in organic synthesis, as well as their promising multidimensional applications. The book examines the latest emerging research on MNP synthesis and their applications—from organic transformation to energy and the environment—allowing readers to critically analyze the role of different MNPs in seeking ideas for widespread application. The book covers the fundamentals while also providing a comprehensive account of MNPs and their modification for a variety of green platform-based derivatives, focusing on the multifunctional technological evolution. The book covers a wide range of applications in organic synthesis using a variety of transition-metal-based nanoparticles in both homo- and heterogeneous media. The text details the concept of catalyst design and recent developments in the preparation and characterization of nanomaterials, followed by several chapters on the design of catalysts for specific applications. This volume is a valuable resource for those working in green chemistry, sustainability, material science and engineering, nanotechnology, energy, and the environment. - Covers in depth the synthetic routes involved in nanoparticle synthesis in various organic transformations - Comprehensively describes the latest technology of MNPs - Illuminates key concepts with numerous visual elements such as illustrations or photographs of the featured nanoparticles, synthesis schemes, spider graphs of strengths and weaknesses of key preparations and synthesis, and flow charts and reaction mechanisms

Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, Volume 79 covers the synthesis, testing and recording of the medicinal properties of natural products, providing cutting-edge accounts of fascinating developments in the isolation, structure elucidation, synthesis, biosynthesis and pharmacology of a diverse array of bioactive natural products. Natural products in the plant and animal kingdom offer a huge diversity of chemical structures that are the result of biosynthetic processes that have been modulated over the millennia through genetic effects. With the rapid developments in spectroscopic techniques and accompanying advances in high-throughput screening techniques, it's possible to isolate and rapidly determine the structures and biological activity of natural products. - Focuses on the chemistry of bioactive natural products - Contains contributions by leading authorities in the field - Presents sources of new pharmacophores

Photochemistry of Heterocycles is a comprehensive review of the topic, including photooxidation, photoreduction and photoaddition reactions as well as industrial aspects of heterocyclic photochemistry. Many materials used for the manufacturing of OLEDs and other electrooptical switches contain heterocycles, and the use of small molecules or polymers containing heterocyclic substances are being studied as new photovoltaic materials. This reference is ideal for synthetic organic chemists, specifically researchers working in organic photochemistry, as well as medicinal chemists and material scientists. Heterocyclic compounds are widely used in the modern world, and most of the drugs currently in use have heterocyclic nuclei among their constituents. These compounds are subject to a photochemical degradation processes which must be known and prevented. - Presents an authoritative and comprehensive review of the photochemistry of heterocycles - Covers the full spectrum of photochemical reactivity, including photoreduction and photoaddition reactions of heterocyclic compounds - Includes industrial aspects of heterocyclic photochemistry and materials used to manufacture OLEDs and other electrooptical switches

N-Sulfonated-N-Heterocycles covers the synthesis, chemistry and biological applications of these compounds, focusing on pioneering synthetic approaches, mechanistic insights and their limitations, as well as recent advances in this field. The synthesis of some of N-sulfonated N-heterocycles and their transformation to other useful cyclic and acyclic compounds are discussed, as well as their uses as useful intermediates in the preparation of polymeric and medicinal materials. This book includes detailed methods and protocols, and the focus on applications makes this resource an essential guide for all researchers in the area of organic, medicinal and polymeric synthetic study. - Reviews the use of N-sulfonated N-heterocycles as important precursors for the synthesis of biologically active compounds - Includes information on synthetically useful transformations of N-sulfonated N-heterocycles - Covers a wide synthetic methods used for an important branch of heterocycles and their biological evaluation in detail - Features over 500 schemes to illustrate different synthetic pathways and reactions of N-sulfonated N-heterocycles

Fused Pyrimidine-Based Drug Discovery covers all categories of fused-pyrimidines along with pharmacological and in silico studies. It covers the chemistry and biological activities, as well as the design of novel fused-pyrimidine scaffolds. N-Heterocyclic scaffolds are found in most known drug candidates, and are of interest to medicinal and organic chemists to design, synthesize and evaluate their biological properties. A variety of fused-pyrimidine molecules have been synthesized and extracted from natural resources, and are found to exhibit various biological activities such as antifolates, anticancer agents, analgesics, antimetabolites, CNS active agents and many more. Some of these scaffolds like purines are also known to have involvement in biological processes and are part of the framework of genetic material. This book focuses on the classification, structural chemistry, and chemical and physical properties along with various approaches for their synthesis. This book is ideal for researchers in organic chemistry both in academic and industrial settings, postgraduates in chemistry and medicinal chemistry. - Covers US FDA approved fused pyrimidine containing drugs and their analyses - Comprises classification based upon fusion of carbocyclic/heterocyclic rings(s) with a pyrimidine ring, and features their synthetic schemes, approaches and strategies - Includes new fused-pyrimidine scaffolds, allowing the researcher to predict the mechanisms involved in their synthesis - Covers fused pyrimidine containing bioactive compounds from the natural sources - Covers in silico studies of known fused pyrimidines and Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR), which will encourage the development of new or modified existing scaffolds with specific biological activities

Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, Volume 73 covers the synthesis, testing and recording of medicinal properties of natural products, providing cutting-edge accounts of fascinating developments in the isolation, structure elucidation, synthesis, biosynthesis and pharmacology of a diverse array of bioactive natural products. Natural products in the plant and animal kingdom offer a huge diversity of chemical structures that are the result of biosynthetic processes that have been modulated over millennia through genetic effects. With rapid developments in spectroscopic techniques and accompanying advances in high-throughput screening techniques, it has become possible to isolate and determine the structures and biological activity of natural products. Hence, these new discoveries have created new avenues and applications for their use. - Focuses on the chemistry of bioactive natural products - Contains contributions by leading authorities in the field - Presents sources of new pharmacophores

Contemporary Chemical Approaches for Green and Sustainable Drugs provides readers with the knowledge they need to integrate sustainable approaches into their work. Sections cover different aspects of green and sustainable drug development from design to disposal, including computer-aided drug design, green resourcing of drugs and drug candidates, an overview of the health concerns of pharmaceutical pollution, and a survey of potential chemical methods for its reduction. Drawing together the knowledge of a global team of experts, this book provides an inclusive overview of the chemical tools and approaches available for minimizing the negative environmental impact of current and newly developed drugs. This will be a useful guide for all academic and industrial researchers across green and sustainable chemistry, medicinal chemistry, environmental chemistry and pharmaceutical science. - Provides an integrative overview of the environmental risks of drugs and drug by products to support chemists in pre-emptively addressing these issues - Highlights the advantages of computer-aided drug design, green and sustainable sourcing, and novel methods for the production of safer, more effective drugs - Presents individual chapters written by renowned experts with diverse backgrounds - Reflects research in practice through selected case studies and extensive state-of-the-art reference sections to serve as a starting point in the design of any specialized environmentally-conscious medicinal chemistry project

Recent Developments in the Synthesis and Applications of Pyridines　is a comprehensive　handbook　for　organic chemists　working on innovative approaches to the synthesis of pyridines.　Written　by scientists in both academia and industry and designed to be a standalone reference, the book　features　reviews, research results and case studies　on　synthetic methods　and　applications　of pyridine-based　chemotypes.　The book will　bridge　the gap between industry and academia by presenting　recent innovative approaches to the synthesis of pyridines,　diverse application of pyridines in drug development, heterogeneous catalysis and material science, as well as benchtop to shelf narratives of pyridine-based compounds in the industry. The role of computational chemistry in the development of pyridine-based bioactive molecules　is also included. This reference is essential for researchers　in organic chemistry both in academic and industrial settings, postgraduates in chemistry and medicinal chemistry. - Includes a detailed review of recent research on the reactivity, synthesis and applications of pyridines - Features concise accounts of the reactivity, synthetic and optimized protocols - Discusses the medicinal, inorganic and polymer chemistry applications of pyridines

Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD): From Ligand-Based Methods to Structure-Based Approaches outlines the basic theoretical principles, methodologies and applications of different fundamental and advanced CADD approaches and techniques. Including information on current protocols as well as recent developments in the computational methods, tools and techniques used for rational drug design, the book explains the fundamental aspects of CADD, combining this with a practical understanding of the various in silico approaches used in modern drug discovery processes to assess the field in a comprehensive and systematic manner. Providing up-to-date, information and guidance for scientists, researchers, students and teachers, the book helps readers address specific academic and research related problems using illustrative explanations, examples and case studies, which are systematically reviewed. - Highlights in silico approaches to drug design and discovery using computational tools and techniques - Details ligand-based and structure-based drug design in a comprehensive and systematic approach - Summarizes recent developments in computational drug design strategy as novel approaches of rational drug designing

Arynes have been important, well-recognized reactive intermediates in organic chemistry since the first speculation of their existence at the beginning of the 20th century. In recent years, synthetic chemistry with arynes has experienced a remarkable revival, leading to diverse new reactions that provide convenient and direct access to various aromatic compounds of high synthetic significance. Comprehensive Aryne Synthetic Chemistry summarizes the progress in the synthetic utilization of arynes for noncatalytic and transition metal-catalyzed reactions developed in the last 20 years. The book covers a broad range of topics including methods of generating arynes, regioselectivity, electrophilic couplings, pericyclic reactions, transition metal-catalyzed reactions, and cycloadditions. It is ideal for advanced students and researchers working in synthetic organic chemistry in academia and industry. - Presents an overview of aryne synthetic chemistry, which has experienced a remarkable revival in the 21st century - Provides a systematic classification of reactions with arynes - Includes comprehensive descriptions of synthetic utilization of arynes ranging from noncatalytic to transition metal-catalyzed reactions - Features systematically organized reaction modes and the aromatic compounds formed from these reactions