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This book uncovers the entire picture of the black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) fauna in subtropical and tropical Asia (the Oriental Region). Increased discoveries of new species of black flies in the Oriental Region have disclosed a remarkable diversity in terms of phylogenetic lineages and morphological features, particularly adult genitalia and pupal gills. The black fly fauna in the Oriental Region is found to be completely different from those in other regions. The book has two aims, academic and practical. Introduction provides the general information on the biology and effects on human and animal health and welfare of black flies and introduces the unique characteristics of the black fly fauna in this region. Chapter 2 proposes a classification scheme for all 675 named and 44 unnamed species of Oriental black flies, which are placed 11 subgenera and 36 species-groups of the genus Simulium. In Chapter 3, synoptic accounts are given for their distribution, bionomics, and taxonomic comments of all the species. In Chapter 4, the faunas of black flies in 15 countries or areas [India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sunda Archipelago (Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores and Timor), East Indonesia (Sulawesi, Maluku Islands and Irian Jaya), Vietnam, Philippines, Taiwan, South China, Nansei Islands (Japan)], are overviewed, and species lists and identification keys for females, males, pupae and larvae, are constructed. Ninety-eight figures of 1,691 line-drawings highlight various unique morphological characteristics of most subgenera and species-groups. Chapters 2 and 3 are academically essential for medical or biological scientists and students to study black flies. Keys to identify species in 15 countries or areas in Chapter 4 are of practical use for health workers for the control of insects of medical and veterinary importance, as well as for ecologists for the study of aquatic invertebrates. Many novel morphological characteristics illustrated in the figures appeal to readers and show the importance of biodiversity of natural terrestrial ecosystems. Contents of this book resulted from the author's taxonomic review of all 719 Oriental species of black flies, with reference to 486 publications.

This is the first part of a multivolume monograph dealing with the about 400 species of springtails (Collembola) which are known to occur in the Nordic countries, including the Arctic Islands. Volume 1 contains richly illustrated identification keys and full descriptions of 161 species of the section Poduromorpha. The geographical distribution and the preferred natural habitats of the species are summarised.New morphological concepts in species diagnostics are introduced, in particular concerning the mouthparts'morphology which greatly aids in precise identification of the many difficult species of the family Onychiuridae.The book will be indispensable to everyone working with springtail identification in northern Europe. The introduction of new diagnostic characters will be of universal interest to any Collembola taxonomist.

The Calliphoridae are a widespread family of insects of great medical, veterinary and forensic importance. They encompass, among others, the familiar greenbottle and bluebottle filth flies.The book presents a taxonomic revision of the blowflies of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Keys and diagnoses, descriptions, summaries of distribution and biology are given for all taxa. Male and female genitalia are illustrated in great detail. The nomenclature is revised and numerous new specific and generic synonymies are established. Full references to the primary literature are given. A new subfamily classification of the world Calliphoridae is proposed on the basis of cladistic principles. The definition and higher classification of the family and related groups are discussed.

This new 3-volume set provides informative reviews on the physiology of sponges, cnidarians, round and flat worms, annelids, echinoderms, and crustaceans, advancing our knowledge of the physiology of these major invertebrate groups (Phyla). Invertebrates exhibit the largest number of species and occupy virtually every conceivable ecological niche. They are economically important in food chains, they recycle organic waste, and they are crucial pollinators of plants and sources of food. They are also medically relevant as parasites that cause major diseases of both humans and livestock.Echinoderms and annelids are covered in Volume 3. The volume looks at temporary adhesion and regeneration as two important areas in echinoderm biology. It includes an important review of juxtaligamental cells, which may regulate the mechanical properties of connective tissue. Annelid physiology is discussed (neurobiology of locomotion in leeches, regeneration, reproduction) as is neuro-endocrine-immune response.Volume 1 looks at non-bilaterians (sponges, cnidarians, placozoans), while Volume 2 focuses on crustacean physiology, covering diverse physiological topics ranging from moulting, respiration, water balance, biomineralization, bioreceptors, and temperature regulation to the land adaptation of terrestrial crustaceans.

This volume first covers the supplementation of aquafeeds with terrestrial plant material used in human medicine and nutrition. Mainly based on the “trial and error” approach, many supplements enhance growth, immunity and resistance to stress. However, other supplements appear to be ineffective and some have adverse effects. A robust and guiding hypothesis for sup­plementation is not apparent. Therefore, the book proposes the use of artificial intelligence to end the trial-and-error phase. In addition, a graded dosing is rarely used, especially in the low-dose range, so the physiological mechanisms behind the supplements are often only partially understood. This topic of aquatic animal nutrition is still in its infancy. Chapters cover medicinal plants in general, selected medicinal plants in detail, food plants, fruits, essential oils, fermentation residues, and genetically modified plants. One chapter attempts to answer the question of what mechanism may underlie ineffective or even harmful supplementation. Overall, the importance of the intestinal microflora is becoming increasingly clear and points to the imperative need to include gut microbiota in replacement studies. Based on the few epigenetic studies currently available, the importance of these processes is demonstrated. The need to integrate such approaches into future studies is emphasized. The so-called hologenomics approach is inevitable. Can adverse effects be mitigated by adding functional feed ingredients such as prebiotics or probiotics? This volume concludes with aquatic plants (macroalgae, filamentous algae, and macrophytes) as food sources for natural and farmed aquatic animals. Can aquaculture learn from natural aquatic herbivores?

This book offers a wealth of essential information about stink bugs, including taxonomic updates of pest species, their geographic distribution, biology and behavior, and the latest research on sustainable management strategies. The book features contributions from globally renowned specialists who have expertise in specific topics related to stink bug research.In addition to discussing the potential of biological control methods, the book explores innovative approaches such as RNAi, CRISPR techniques, and the use of resistant plants to manage stink bug populations. The book also examines the potential use of botanical insecticides as a more sustainable alternative to chemical control methods.Overall, this book is a valuable resource for researchers, entomologists, and other professionals who are interested in stink bug research and sustainable pest management. Its well-organized and comprehensive approach makes it an essential addition to any entomologist's library.

This unique work is the first reference that provides detailed descriptions of the fully developed larvae of the Odonata suborder Anisoptera, including keys to families and genera, high resolution photographs, distribution maps, and an up-dated list of the dragonfly species from Thailand. Also, because the adults are so well known in this country, this book will provide completion to our understanding of the life cycle of an entire fauna. Through the six chapters of this book, the reader will find an introduction with generalities of the order Odonata, a description of the morphology of a dragonfly larva with emphasis in the structures used in the keys, a brief description of Thailand's geography, relief, hydrology, climate, precipitation, agriculture, history, and faunal studies, and detailed descriptions of each of the 82 genera of Anisoptera of Thailand whose larvae are known. This book will have broad appeal in the large community of odonatists around the world and for the aquaticentomologists, ecologists, and conservationists interested in the Southeast Asian fauna in general.

This new 3-volume set provides informative reviews on the physiology of sponges, cnidarians, round and flat worms, annelids, echinoderms, and crustaceans, advancing our knowledge of the physiology of these major invertebrate groups (Phyla). Invertebrates exhibit the largest number of species and occupy virtually every conceivable ecological niche. They are economically important in food chains, they recycle organic waste, and they are crucial pollinators of plants and sources of food. They are also medically relevant as parasites that cause major diseases in both humans and livestock.Volume 1 looks at non-Bilaterians (sponges, cnidarians, placozoans). The focus on sponge biology has recently been on symbiosis, nutrient uptake, and sensory biology. The section on cnidarians covers biomineralization, the nervous system, and development. The biology of placozoans is described in depth, including the role of neuropeptides in feeding.Volume 2 and covers crustacean physiology and diverse physiological topics, ranging from molting, respiration, water balance, biomineralization, bioreceptors, and temperature regulation to the land adaptation of terrestrial crustaceans. Echinoderms and annelids are covered in Volume 3.

The study of the biology and ecology of Horseshoe Crabs has expanded over the last three decades. Thanks in large part to these research efforts, their haemato-detection system has proven to be a seminal detection system against sepsis and other bacteriological contaminants, thereby supporting the development of anti-COVID-19 vaccine. One of the fascinating outcomes of the work with horseshoe crabs has been the international inclusion. Through the establishment of the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) Horseshoe Crab Scientific Specialist Group (SSG). The group aims to protect horseshoe crabs in the world through collaborative effort in conservation of their populations and habitats, and in raising public awareness of their importance in evolutionary history, marine coastal ecology, and biomedical uses. This compendium collection is a compellation of news media products; conference/colloquium workshops; public lectures; artistic renderings; references; manuscripts; photos; committee minutes and casual observations. All that is presented here provides a smorgasbord of intellectual results and products in a single document that the reader would be able to prowl through each individual contribution to gain a personal perspective, or tidbits of knowledge unattainable solely in the traditional scientific or journalistic format and search process.

This textbook provides a comprehensive overview of the principles, methods and applications of chemical ecology, covering such topics as chemical signalling, predator–prey interactions, host plant selection and chemical defence. The book takes the reader through the historical development of the discipline to current state-of-the-art research, delving into recent findings on the role of chemical ecology in conservation and management and exploring how the field may contribute to future innovations in ecological science. A chapter is dedicated to the techniques that have been used in chemical ecology and some success stories.Chemical Ecology: Insect-Plant Interactions is an important resource for advanced undergraduates and postgraduate researchers as well as practitioners in this interdisciplinary field. The book's layout aligns with the curriculum of chemical-ecology-related disciplines, progressing from basic fundamental principles to a more advanced level. Those studying and researching in ecology, entomology, plant biology and biochemistry will find it invaluable as well as those practising in areas such as agriculture, forestry and pest management.

This new 3-volume set provides informative reviews on the physiology of sponges, cnidarians, round and flat worms, annelids, echinoderms, and crustaceans, advancing our knowledge of the physiology of these major invertebrate groups (Phyla). Invertebrates exhibit the largest number of species and occupy virtually every conceivable ecological niche. They are economically important in food chains, they recycle organic waste, and they are crucial pollinators of plants and sources of food. They are also medically relevant as parasites that cause major diseases of both humans and livestock.Chapters on crustacean physiology are grouped in this volume and cover diverse physiological topics ranging from moulting, respiration, water balance, biomineralization, bioreceptors, and temperature regulation to the land adaptation of terrestrial crustaceans. The chapters are comprehensive and add new knowledge to crustacean biology.Volume 1 looks at non-bilaterians (sponges, cnidarians, placozoans) while echinoderms and annelids are covered in Volume 3.

This is the last volume dealing with the aphids of Fennoscandia and Denmark. It treats the remaining species of Aphididae and the family Lachnidae and contains a host plant index and an index to all Latin names of the species treated in all six volumes. Like the first five volumes it contains keys and illustrations.

This book explores the biology of decapod shrimps, a group of animals known to most people as a nutritious and tasty food item. Shrimps are amazingly diverse in size, shape, coloration, behavior and natural history. Shrimp fisheries and aquaculture are a vital part of the USA and world economies. These crustaceans are key ecological and food-web components of marine and freshwater habitats. The book synthesizes information on the taxonomic and ecological diversity of shrimps, the structure and function of shrimp anatomy, antifouling adaptations, coloration and camouflage, reproductive biology, sexual systems, mating systems and behavior, life history strategies, symbioses between shrimps and other organisms, shrimp fisheries and aquaculture, as well as the evolution and phylogeny of shrimps. All chapters are written within an adaptational and evolutionary perspective. Important questions about shrimp biology are asked, and hypotheses for testing in future research are proposed. Thebook is spiced up with personal anecdotes and observations from the author's research experiences. This book is intended as a comprehensive reference, a “go to” book about the biology of shrimps. The text is scientifically rigorous but written in a style intended for a varied readership. Thus, the book is a valuable resource for budding or working research scientists such as zoologists, aquatic biologists, fisheries and aquaculture professionals, as well as amateur naturalists, aquarium hobbyists and interested laypersons. As the saying goes, “a picture is worth a thousand words,” so that the book is amply illustrated with figures and diagrams.The numerous color plates, composed of photos contributed by expert colleagues, make the world of shrimps come alive.

The Scythrididae from Europe and North Africa are reviewed in this volume. It cover 237 specimens in 7 genera and is with 14 colour plates and line drawings of all species gentitalia.

This first volume of Microlepidoptera of Europe deals with the Pterophoridae of Europe (excluding the former Soviet Union) and the Canary Islands and Madeira. All species occurring in this area are included and most of them illustrated in full colour. All species are briefly redescribed mentioning the main characteristic features of the imagines, and the genital structures. A description of the life cycle is given, and also a note on the distribution. A distribution catalogue has been constructed. It is based on own collection data and verified references. The male and female genitalia are illustrated with line drawings. A checklist of hostplants is given.

Concerns about global biodiversity are rising dramatically, yet we are lagging behind in the most basic prerequisite for its understanding and conservation: the inventory. Insect species may make up five or ten times the number of all other plant and animal species combined, and as such they represent one of the major challenges in biosystematic science. World Catalogue of Insects is an initiative aiming at compiling worldscale, authoritative catalogues of monophyletic insect taxa. We are therefore proud to launch this major series. Volumes will as a minimum contain standard nomenclatoral information on all names pertaining to the taxon treated, including type locality and distribution to the extent this is relevant. Additional information is optional, e. g., location, status and condition of types; biology; bibliographical information; pest status; vector status; etc. This volume one focuses on Hydraenidae (Coleoptera). (Series: World Catalogue of Insects)

This volume treats the 157 species of predaceaous diving beetles (Dytiscidae) found in Finland, East Fennoscandia, Sweden, Norway, Denmark and the Baltic States.Introducing chapters provide general information about the state of knowledge and distribution, morphology of adults and larvae, bionomics, collecting and rearing. The main part comprises keys and descriptions for identification of adult beetles, including information on distribution and biology of all species. A catalogue shows provincial records in Fennoscandia and Denmark. The book contains 608 figures and 3 plates.An up-to-date, well illustrated identification manual for the Fennoscandian and Danish Dytiscidae has been wanting for decades. This work is based on the latest advances in synonymy and taxonomy of the family, and on the study of thousands of specimens in collections and field.

The Lymnaeidae (also known as ‘pond snails') are a species-rich and globally distributed family of freshwater snails, many species of which are known to be hosts of parasitic trematodes (such as the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica). Written by world-leading experts in the field, this book covers a wealth of topics ranging from the phylogeny and taxonomy of lymnaeid snails to their relationships with helminths and their impact on public and veterinary health. It provides an overview of the species richness, evolution, ecology, biogeography and fossil record of the family. A considerable number of chapters are devoted to the economic and medical importance of lymnaeids, their involvement in the transmission of fascioliasis and other zoonotic diseases. Special chapters deal with the molecular and morphological identification of the Lymnaeidae, their rearing in the laboratory and experimental approaches to their study. This contributed volume is aimed at experts and practitioners in various disciplines: Invertebrate zoology, evolutionary biology, biogeography, aquatic ecology, parasitology, epidemiology and public health. It is also useful for university lecturers, undergraduate and postgraduate students.

This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1954.

In the Miocene and Pliocene fossil shell beds of the eastern United States, the single most spectacular molluscan species radiation is seen in the ecphora shells (the Tribe Ecphorini). These bizarrely shaped gastropods, with their distinctive ribbed shell sculpture, represent a separate branch of the Subfamily Ocenebridae, Family Muricidae. Characteristically, these muricid gastropods are heavily ornamented with spiral ribs and cords and are considered some of the most beautiful and interesting groups of fossil mollusks found along the Atlantic Coastal Plain and Floridian Peninsula. The ecphoras are greatly sought after by fossil collectors.The ecphora faunas, and their individual species and subspecies, are illustrated and described in detail, along with photographs of ecphora-bearing geological units and in-situ specimens. The authors list the 67 known species and subspecies that are recognized as valid, arranged by the eight genera and five subgenera that encompass these taxa.

The 2nd edition of this comprehensive book provides one of the most complete overviews of the aquatic beetles in the family Dytiscidae, also known as predaceous diving beetles. Dytiscids constitute one of the largest families of freshwater insects with approximately 4,650 named species that come in a variety of sizes, colors, and habitat affinities. Although dytiscid adults and larvae are ubiquitous throughout a variety of aquatic habitats, and are important predators on other aquatic invertebrates and vertebrates, there are no compilations that have focused on summarizing the knowledge on aspects of their ecology, systematics, and biology. Chapters in this book summarize hitherto scattered topics, including their anatomy and habitats, chemical and community ecology, phylogenies and larval morphology including chaetotaxy, sexual systems, predation, dispersal, conservation, and cultural and historical aspects. The 2nd edition offers updates on the newest scientific findings on dytiscids and also includes a new chapter on the subterranean fauna from Australia. The information in this new edition is potentially beneficial to anyone working in aquatic systems where dytiscids are an important part of the food web. Moreover, readers will gain a greater appreciation of dytiscids as model organisms for investigations of fundamental principles derived from ecological and evolutionary theory. Contributed chapters are by authors who are actively engaged in studying dytiscids, and each chapter provides color photos and future directions for research.

Oribatid mites, also called beetle or moss mites, include more than 10,000 named species representing 172 families worldwide. This book provides an identification key to the 96 families, 250 genera and the c.580 described species for Canada and Alaska, a fauna that encompasses more than 50% of Northern Hemisphere genera. It includes known data on the ecology of species, their distribution in the Holarctic region, and relevant literature. Oribatid mites are model arthropods in studies on development, morphology, ecology, physiology, and biomechanics. Growing recognition of the importance of soil systems for agriculture, reclamation, carbon storage and climate mitigation has spurred recent interest in the vast soil biodiversity that provide these ecosystem services. Yet the major barrier to exploring and understanding soil biodiversity is lack of comprehensive and functional taxonomic and ecological treatments of key biotic groups; groups such as the oribatid mites. Oribatid Mites is unparalleled in the comprehensive nature of the information provided. The authors, two leading global experts for this group, hope that readers will come to share their understanding of oribatid mites as part of the charismatic microfauna, the imagery in this book conveying their unique beauty.

This authored book is primarily for the readers who are in search of how to use basic concepts of statistics in the field of fishery science. It has been written for the new comers coming in the fishery sector including university students, teachers and research scholars. It enriches the reader's knowledge of data analysis step by step starting from data collection to its analysis and interpretation along with practical application with real example. It supports readers for enhancing theoretical and practical concept of application of fundamental statistics in fishery domain. Reader may also learn how to analyses data using different statistical software. Each chapter starts with an introduction of the topic followed by statistical concept with example and ends with chapter based question for comprehension purpose. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, scientists, capacity builders in fishery sciences. Also the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of fisheries and aquatic sciences.

Until recently, the system of classification of the Psylloidea was discussed exclusively on the basis of adult morphology. The system proposed by Burckhardt is followed here. With a few exceptions, the illustrations for the present book were prepared by the author. The terminalia of all species (m/f) have been figured. Furthermore, the 5th instar nymphs of nearly all the species have been keyed and figured.For each species, the distribution in and outside Denmark and Fennoscandia is briefly given. Information concerning the Scandinavian countries was compiled from literature and from the author's records based on identifications for museums and private collectors over the last 53 years. Distribution data for outside Fennoscandia and Denmark were derived mainly from Klimaszewski (1973). Information on the biology of the species has been compiled from the literature and from the author's observations.

The present volume presents a detailed account of the taxonomy, biology and distribution of the European species of Siphonini. This group of tachinid Diptera totals 58 species in Europe of which 6 are here described as new to science. In most species, the immatures live as endoparasitolds of lepidopterous larvae, but a few species even attack tipulid larvae. Several species of Siphonini are of great economic interest as agents for the control of lepidopterous and tipulid pests in agriculture and forestry.An analysis and proposal on the systematic position of the Siphonini is given together with a key to larger taxonomic entities of Tachinidae. The generic classification is also critically emphasized. A separate chapter summarizes aspects of the group's natural history: life-cycles, mating behaviour, oviposition strategies, etc. The taxonomic part contains identification keys to genera and species, and for each species a diagnosis, a description and accounts on the nomenclature, biology and distribution is given. A separate catalogue details the provincial distribution of the 47 species occurring in Fennoscandia and Danmark. No less than 275 line drawings and 15 colour illustrations accompany the text.

The first of four planned volumes to cover this large family, with more than 600 species known from Europe. This volume treats 150 species. It includes 14 colour plates and line drawings of male and female genitalia.

The Dorylaimida represent a large and very important group of soil and freshwater inhabiting nematodes of great agricultural importance. Both in appearance and mode of life they represent a wide diversity and as a consequence the number of species and higher taxa that have been described hitherto is the highest within Nematoda. The identification of species, genera, families, etc. of Dorylaimida is very difficult and at times causes problems for the specialist too. The large number of species on the one hand and often the meagre descriptions on the other make even well-known taxonomists to look at Dorylaimida with great hesitation and desperation.M. Shamim Jairajpuri and Wasim Ahmad have undertaken a great task in summarizing, evaluating and systematizing all the knowledge that has been published so far.

The most complete photographic field guide to hoverflies of Britain and North-west Europe ever written.An essential part of our eco-systems, hoverflies are the second most important pollinators after bees but sadly, more than a third of all European species are now under threat of extinction. Written by two leading experts, Hoverflies of Britain and North-west Europe is the first and only photographic field guide to cover all 400 hoverfly species occurring in Britain and neighbouring countries in such detail.Each species account contains a description, population status, ecology and habitat, an up-to-date map of its distribution across North-western Europe, a flight time diagram and guidance on differentiating similar species. There are also detailed illustrations and stunning full-colour macro photographs in each account, showing key features of the species to aid accurate identification.This is the ultimate photographic field guide to hoverflies, and a perfect introduction into the world of these important pollinators, both for amateur and expert entomologists alike.

The Fourth Edition of The Light and Smith Manual continues a sixty-five-year tradition of providing to both students and professionals an indispensable, comprehensive, and authoritative guide to Pacific coast marine invertebrates of coastal waters, rocky shores, sandy beaches, tidal mud flats, salt marshes, and floats and docks. This classic and unparalleled reference has been newly expanded to include all common and many rare species from Point Conception, California, to the Columbia River, one of the most studied areas in the world for marine invertebrates. In addition, although focused on the central and northern California and Oregon coasts, this encyclopedic source is useful for anyone working in North American coastal ecosystems, from Alaska to Mexico. More than one hundred scholars have provided new keys, illustrations, and annotated species lists for over 3,500 species of intertidal and many shallow water marine organisms ranging from protozoans to sea squirts. This expanded volume covers sponges, sea anemones, hydroids, jellyfish, flatworms, polychaetes, amphipods, crabs, insects, snails, clams, chitons, and scores of other important groups. The Fourth Edition also features introductory chapters on marine habitats and biogeography, interstitial marine life, and intertidal parasites, as well as expanded treatments of common planktonic organisms likely to be encountered in near-to-shore shallow waters.The Fourth Edition of The Light and Smith Manual continues a sixty-five-year tradition of providing to both students and professionals an indispensable, comprehensive, and authoritative guide to Pacific coast marine invertebrates of coastal waters,