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This book integrates decision-making and environmental science. For ecologists it will bridge the gap to economics. For practitioners in environmental economics and management it will be a major reference book. It probably contains the largest collection available of expressions and basic equations that are used in environmental sciences. Applying these expressions as'rules-of-thumb'will give participants in a decision-making process a common platform for discussion and arbitration. To make the text comfortable to read, the book is organized in disciplines, but it also includes 13 applications that draw on all subjects in the book, and where cross-references are extensively used. The applications that range from siting of paper mills to wilderness management show how a range of topics in economics, social sciences and ecology are interrelated when decisions have to be made. The third chapter is called'Getting started'. It shows how to carry out a complete environmental screening study in one day, much like the computer manuals that get you going from the first day. We believe that raising a platform for environmental decision-making puts issues into their right perspective, it is fun, and it lets an individual contribute to society's understanding of the environment in a very short while.

The peer-reviewed contributions gathered in this book address methods, software and applications of statistics and data science in the social sciences. The data revolution in social science research has not only produced new business models, but has also provided policymakers with better decision-making support tools. In this volume, statisticians, computer scientists and experts on social research discuss the opportunities and challenges of the social data revolution in order to pave the way for addressing new research problems. The respective contributions focus on complex social systems and current methodological advances in extracting social knowledge from large data sets, as well as modern social research on human behavior and society using large data sets. Moreover, they analyze integrated systems designed to take advantage of new social data sources, and discuss quality-related issues. The papers were originally presented at the 2nd International Conference on Data Science and Social Research, held in Milan, Italy, on February 4-5, 2019.

This open access book aims to review the history, achievements, and challenges of trilateral cooperation among China, Japan, and South Korea in a systematic way. It offers numerous perspectives to explain the emergence of trilateral institution-building processes and the fluctuations of trilateral cooperation, and underscores three countries'respective policy stances towards the building of the triangle. The evolvement of political and economic ties among China, Japan, and South Korea has vital importance to the peace and prosperity of East Asia. Recent years have witnessed the ups and downs of the trilateral cooperation among the three countries. The development of trilateral institution building emerged as a joint gesture in response to the Asian Financial Crisis in the late 1990s. The three countries jointly established multilayered cooperative mechanisms in a wide range of fields. Nonetheless, trilateral cooperation among the three major powers has been proceeding in hardship in the shadow of longstanding geopolitical complexity and the deepening Sino-US confrontations. This book argues that, despite growing economic and social linkages, political animosities have constantly impeded the trilateral cooperation. Relevant to scholars and advanced students in international relations and political economy, this is a vital read in East Asian studies.

This is an open access book. This conference endeavours to engage with the dynamics of marginalisation processes and their implications for diverse marginalized groups within the complex socio-cultural, historical, and political landscape of Southeast Asia. Utilizing a multidisciplinary approach, this research encompasses insights from sociology, anthropology, political science, and economics to unravel the layered dynamics of exclusion and the myriad factors contributing to the marginalization of specific communities in the region. A critical aspect of this meeting is the exploration of historical legacies, examining how the colonial past has influenced contemporary patterns of marginalization. The research delves into the socio-economic disparities, cultural diversity, and political structures that underpin the marginalization of certain groups. By adopting an intersectional lens, the study scrutinizes the interplay of factors such as ethnicity, gender, religion, and socio-economic status, recognizing the interconnectedness of these dimensions in shaping the experiences of marginalization. Furthermore, it also examines the repercussions of marginalization on affected communities, analyzing the barriers they encounter in accessing fundamental rights such as education, healthcare, employment, and political participation. Special attention is given to the resilience and resistance strategies employed by marginalized groups, illustrating their agency in navigating and challenging systemic exclusion. The conference, hopefully, incorporates in-depth case studies from various countries within Southeast Asia to capture the regional nuances of marginalization processes. By adopting a comparative approach, the research identifies both commonalities and unique challenges faced by marginalized groups across national borders, contributing to a nuanced understanding of regional dynamics. This conference not only documents and analyzes the complexities of marginalization within Southeast Asia but also strives to provide actionable insights. By shedding light on the challenges faced by marginalized groups, the research aims to inform policy interventions and social initiatives that can address and mitigate the adverse effects of systemic exclusion. Through this lens, the study contributes to ongoing discussions on social justice, equity, and inclusive development in the Southeast Asian context, fostering a deeper understanding of these issues for the benefit of both academic discourse and practical implementation.

This is an open access book. ICHESS started in 2018, the last five sessions of ICHESS have all been successfully published. ICHESS is to bring together innovative academics and industrial experts in the field of Humanities Education and Social Sciences to a common forum. The 7th International Conference on Humanities Education and Social Sciences(ICHESS2024) will be held on October 11-13, 2024 in Ningbo, China. This conference serves as a platform for the exchange of innovative ideas, cutting-edge research, and collaborative initiatives that address the pressing issues faced by our communities today. The overarching theme of this year's conference is'Bridging Traditions and Innovations,'which underscores the importance of harmonizing classical perspectives with modern advancements to foster a holistic understanding of human behaviour, culture, and societal development. By facilitating dialogue and connections among diverse fields such as history, philosophy, sociology, education, and psychology, the conference aims to promote interdisciplinary research and enhance educational practices. Ultimately, the goal is to inspire actionable insights and foster sustainable solutions that contribute to societal well-being and global progress. This year's conference distinguishes itself from previous editions by emphasizing a set of unique and timely research themes designed to address the evolving landscapes of humanities and social sciences. One of the primary themes is'Digital Humanities and Society,'which explores how digital technologies are transforming historical research, cultural preservation, and educational methodologies. Another significant theme is'Social Justice and Equity,'focusing on contemporary challenges related to race, gender, class, and access to education, and fostering discussions on policies and practices that aim to create a more just society.'Globalization and Cultural Identity'is another key theme, examining the effects of global interconnectedness on local cultures and identities, and how these dynamics shape both individual and collective experiences in diverse societies. Additionally,'Sustainability and Ethics'invites scholars to delve into the ethical dimensions of environmental sustainability, social responsibility, and the role of humanities and social sciences in promoting sustainable development. Furthermore, this year's conference introduces a theme on'Interdisciplinary Approaches to Crisis Management,'addressing the critical need for humanities and social sciences perspectives in understanding and managing global crises such as pandemics, economic instability, and political upheavals. By focusing on these distinct research themes, the conference aims to not only advance academic discourse but also inspire concrete actions that address the multifaceted challenges of our time.

The transformation of the built environment during the last few decades has placed enormous demands for land. About 7.7 billion people live on the planet, which is expected to increase by 2.5-3.0 billion in just 30 years, with the highest growth projected to be in less developed regions. The spreading of urban informality in cities of the Global South leads to chaotic informal economies and an inability to capitalize on urban-rural economies of scale and exchange. The combination of socioeconomic and climate change vulnerability in urban centres is having a “double impact” on already poverty-stricken and marginalized groups (especially women, racialized, and ethnic minority groups) – leading to what has come to be known as “climate injustice”. Land constitutes a main component of urban development and is the main asset for informal urban communities in the Middle East region. The State and urban planners can aim to regulate the growth of informal land markets or represent the interests of the citizens. However, in reality the increasing retreat or absence of the public authorities, the crisis of confidence between the governed and governing, and the deficit of urban policies to address the multitude of generated challenges cannot be concealed. This volume examines three main themes: land management and governance in the era of sustainability; Legal, informal, and illegal land tenures; and the broader socioeconomic changes impacting land (and housing) delivery. It investigates the correlations, transitions, and interactions between the various forces and multi-stakeholders that control and adjust the land delivery system for low-income groups and the urban poor. This includes exploring mechanisms for correcting urban inequalities between central and peripheral quarters and the modes of shared governance. Finally, the volume also discusses developing national land policies based on legal instruments that connect the implementation of the SDGs, land, and tenure security as critical drivers for more sustainable land delivery realization.

This book contains the conference proceedings from the 2023 Asia-Singapore Conference on Sports Science (ACSS). ACSS is an international conference that assists researchers in the Asia-Pacific region in disseminating and communicating their research findings on the latest topics in sports science. This book provides students and scholars with a compilation of the latest research in the field of Sport Science presented at the conference. The book covers a wide range of Sport Science topics, including physical and biological sciences, social science and education.

This is an open access book. 2024 International Conference on Humanities, Arts, Education and Social Development (HAESD 2024) will be held from September 27 to 29, 2024 in Xi'an, China. 2024 International Conference on Humanities, Arts, Education and Social Development (HAESD 2024) is a leading conference for all researchers from different countries and territories to present their research results about Humanities, Arts, Education and Social Development.

This is an open access book.The 2024 International Conference on Diversified Education and Social Development [DESD2024] will be held on November 8th-10th, 2024 in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. DESD2024 will provide an excellent international Academic forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of Diversified Education and Social Development. The conference looks for significant contributions to all major fields of Education and Social Development in theoretical and Application aspects. The aim of the conference is to provide a platform to the global researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the field.

Mit der Ausbreitung einer neuartigen Lungenerkrankung und der damit in Verbindung stehenden Pandemie kommt es zu einer grundlegenden Veränderung der Organisation des sozialen Zusammenlebens. Die Veränderungsprozesse betreffen viele Lebensbereiche und führen in Jahren beständig wechselnder Restriktionen und Hygienemaßnahmen zu einem zunehmenden Widerstand innerhalb der Bevölkerung. Vertrauen wird dabei eine bedeutsame Frage für die effektive Umsetzung von Maßnahmen, für die Einhaltungsbereitschaft und für das Protestverhalten während der Pandemie. Vertrauen in andere Menschen, aber auch in die Institutionen der Gesellschaft, ist ein wichtiges Bindeglied für den sozialen Zusammenhalt. Um das Zusammenspiel des Vertrauens mit pandemiebedingten Veränderungsprozessen sowie den darin inbegriffenen Widerstand gegen die Maßnahmen in Österreich aufarbeiten zu können, werden die Daten des „Austria Corona Panel Projects“ herangezogen. Die Paneldaten untersuchen den Zeitraum der Pandemie von März 2020 bis Februar 2022. In diesem Zeitraum kann für das soziale Vertrauen ein signifikanter Anstieg festgestellt werden. Institutionelles Vertrauen verringert sich dahingegen. Protestverhalten wirkt sich mindernd auf das Institutionsvertrauen aus, während soziales Vertrauen davon nicht direkt beeinflusst ist.

Predictive Policing wird meist auf die zugrundeliegenden Datenverarbeitungstechnologien reduziert und auf Grundlage der diesen Technologien zugeschriebenen Eigenschaften wie Effizienz, Wirksamkeit, Neutralität, Geschwindigkeit usw. legitimiert. In Wirklichkeit ist Predictive Policing jedoch ein Knotenpunkt, worin Computertechnologien, sozio- ökonomische Kräfte, institutionelle Bedürfnisse, ideologische Prämissen, gouvernementale Rationalitäten und Strategien sowie wissenschaftliche und gesellschaftliche Diskurse gebündelt werden. Statt die Technologie als Ausgangspunkt auszuwählen, als ob sie eine kohärente Substanz hätte, ist es notwendig zu untersuchen, mit welchen Kräfteverhältnissen, Arten der Verständlichkeit und Rationalitäten der Gouvernementalität diese Technologie in Berührung kommt und wie sie sowohl durch diese Verschmelzungen ermöglicht wird, als auch wie sie durch diese materiellen und immateriellen Verschmelzungen richtungsweisend wirkt. Das Ziel dieses Buches liegt darin, Predictive Policing sowohl im Rahmen des Wandels sozialer Kontrolle als auch der gegenwärtigen Strategien der Kriminalitätskontrolle zu verorten, es als ein durch eine dynamische Wechselbeziehung zwischen verschiedenen heterogenen, materiellen und immateriellen Faktoren determiniertes Phänomen zu bearbeiten und auf diese Weise eine sozusagen „fundamentale“ Kritik an Predictive Policing zu betreiben.

Welche Anforderungen werden an eine robuste und gesellschaftlich anerkennenswerte Soziale Arbeit gestellt, die in ihrer wissenschaftlichen Disziplin, in der Anschlussfähigkeit ihrer Theorien und in der Anerkennung ihrer Profession überzeugt und dabei noch in sich konsistent ist? Im internationalen Vergleich der Theoriebestände und praktischen Bezüge von Sozialer Arbeit herrscht eine große Diversität und Vielfalt, die sich durch unterschiedliche gesellschaftliche und nationalstaatliche Makro-Bedingungen herausgebildet haben.Gleichzeitig globalisieren sich die Krisen wie Kriege, Pandemien, Klimawandel, Armut und Hunger in einer beschleunigten Weise, welche eher eine pragmatische Theoriebildung und Praxis der Sozialen Arbeit im Sinne von globalen Wohlergehen und Menschenrechten herausfordert. In einer neuen und beschleunigten Anpassungsdynamik reagiert Soziale Arbeit eher darauf, als dass sie selbständig agiert.Kritischer Rationalismus, kritische Gesellschaftstheorie und ethische Orientierung der Sozialen Arbeit werden gerade im internationalen Kontext unter dem Einfluss neuer und schwer überschaubarer globaler Krisen und Herausforderungen noch stärker gefragt werden. In diesem Sammelband werden Beiträge von Autorinnen und Autoren zusammengestellt, die die möglichen Zukunftsperspektiven der Sozialen Arbeit erhellen sollen.

Kim offers an accessible, interdisciplinary textbook using systems theory as a framework to stimulate discussion about how the social sciences develop understanding of society and its evolution. It promotes an integrated view of the social sciences by proposing politics, economics, administration, and community as the core areas of society, and explains their characteristics, how they are moved by what kind of systems, and how they have evolved through their interrelationships.This book explains how the major areas of operate on certain structures and principles, and how they have developed while maintaining certain relationships with each other. The beauty of the entire field of social sciences lies in understanding society and social sciences as a whole and the relationships that intertwines it. It is unique in that it approaches social science from an Eastern perspective, using traditional Eastern thought and social phenomena as examples in its explanations and proposes a methodology for understanding society that's different to traditional social science textbooks, which use the application of natural science methodology and statistics to understand society.Designed for a wide range of students in sociology, politics, and economics, encouraging interdisciplinary thinking and understanding. It is written with citations of classical writings by social scientists, including Locke, Rousseau, Hobbes, Mill, Marx, Engels, Proudhon, Smith, Weber, Durkheim, Buber, Myrdal, Habermas, Popper, Hayek, Putnam, and others. Through this book, readers can gain panoramic insights into how the works of these social scientists are interconnected.

Digitalisierung betrifft alle Lebensbereiche. Aber nicht alle Personen können diesem Prozess adäquat begegnen und sie werden zunehmend aus der Gesellschaft ausgeschlossen. Ihnen droht also (digitale) Exklusion. Besonders im Jahr 2020 erlangte die Digitalisierung durch die Coronavirus-Pandemie einen Aufwind, indem eine Vielzahl analoger Praktiken in den digitalen Raum verlagert wurden. Dadurch entstanden Chancen auf Teilhabe, jedoch stieg auch die Gefahr der Exklusion - besonders für Personen, die prädisponiert für Marginalisierung sind, wie die in diesem Buch zugrundeliegende Zielgruppe'Menschen mit geistigen Behinderungen'(MmgB). Aufgrund dessen ist es erforderlich, die gesellschaftliche Teilhabe zu untersuchen. Ann Christin Schulz stützt sich dabei auf den sozialen Transformationsprozess der Digitalisierung. Im Vordergrund steht die subjektorientierte Betrachtungsebene mit einem praxistheoretischen Ansatz, indem in Form von Beobachtungen und eingebetteter Forschung ein Jahr in einer Einrichtung einer Behindertenhilfe geforscht wurde. Die Autorin zeigt u.a., welche Chancen und Risiken Digitalisierung für die Teilhabe von MmgB bietet, welche sozialen Praktiken sich mit digitalen Technologien entfalten und welcher Einfluss der soziale Kontext von MmgB auf ihre Teilhabe hat.

This is an open access book. In our rapidly evolving modern era, the intersection of green technology and digital society has shifted paradigm shifts across various facets of human life. The fusion of these two domains holds the potential to profoundly impact society's social aspects. Therefore, The 5th Borobudur International Symposium with the theme “Smart and Sustainable: The Synergy of Green Technology and Digital Society” is designed to delve into and celebrate the strong synergy between green technology and the digital society, specifically focusing on social sciences. The background of this conference reflects the significant tensions in modern society. On the one hand, we witness innovative strides in green technology to reduce negative environmental impacts and develop more sustainable systems. On the other hand, our society is becoming increasingly interconnected in a vast digital network, enabling unprecedented information exchange that influences social interactions, work, education, and many other aspects of daily life. As green technology and the digital society converge, new and crucial opportunities and challenges emerge in the social context. Through this International Conference, we hope to provide a platform for researchers, practitioners, and stakeholders to share knowledge, experiences, and innovative ideas to better understand how green technology and the digital society can collaborate to achieve smarter and more sustainable societies.

The De Gruyter Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, Identity and Technology Studies examines the relationship of the social sciences to artificial intelligence, surveying the various convergences and divergences between science and technology studies on the one hand and identity transformations on the other. It provides representative coverage of all aspects of the AI revolution, from employment to education to military warfare, impacts on public policy and governance and the future of ethics. How is AI currently transforming social, economic, cultural and psychological processes? This handbook answers these questions by looking at recent developments in supercomputing, deep learning and neural networks, including such topics as AI mobile technology, social robotics, big data and digital research. It focuses especially on mechanisms of identity by defining AI as a new context for self-exploration and social relations and analyzing phenomena such as race, ethnicity and gender politics in human-machine interfaces.

​This book explores how climate change affects households that rely on shifting cultivation and how to assess their vulnerability. This study looks at micro and macro levels in Indian states with indigenous communities practicing shifting cultivation. The micro-level study has been conducted in 52 villages, with 1469 households covering 7067 population in seven states of India in the Northeastern region. The book covers different topics related to climate change, such as its patterns, impact on households and agriculture, forest management, and the role of indigenous knowledge in mitigation. This research is associated with different sectors like shifting agriculture, forestry sector, climate change and rural development etc. and integrated with large respondents and stakeholders through both direct and focus group discussions. Research scholars, climate activists, institutional and non-institutional organisations, people interested in environmental science, social science and policymakers will find this book very relevant.

This book examines several epistemological regimes in studies of numerical data over the last four centuries. It distinguishes these regimes and mobilises questions present in the philosophy of science, sociology and historical works throughout the 20th century. Attention is given to the skills of scholars and their methods, their assumptions, and the socio-historical conditions that made calculations and their interpretations possible. In doing so, questions posed as early as Émile Durkheim's and Ernst Cassirer's ones are revisited and the concept of symbolic form is put to the test in this particular survey, conducted over long period of time. Although distinct from a methodological and epistemological point of view, today these regimes may be found together in the toolbox of statisticians and those who comment on their conclusions. As such, the book is addressed to social scientists and historians and all those who are interested in numerical productions.

This book addresses the climate risk influencing biodiversity globally and discusses the sustainable use of biological diversity and its legal implications. The sustainable bio-prospecting will help conservation regarding the resources and livelihood support of those who conserve it from the UN CBD perspective. In mega bio-diverse countries, biodiversity provides a number of ecosystem services as well as sources of income/livelihood for millions of poor and they are also the home of a vast repository of traditional knowledge (TK) associated with biological resources which can be translated therapeutically. As for Climate risks, the risks related to unscientific management and use of biodiversity are far more compared to the benefits for society and business and therefore, reducing pressure on biodiversity and developing a sustainable commodity supply chain is essential for both the industry and the governments. Exploring and further mining of the vastness of biodiversity potential, in the marketplace, has been a subject of great consideration among biotechnologists, food processors, health care specialists and the like, as they are real money-spinners. The book will be of interest to researchers/College/ University students interested in ecology and biodiversity conservation worldwide

This book will highlight the role of CE in the sustainability field as it is expressed in the various fields and disciplines and its contribution to building a sustainable society by providing a better understanding of the relevant social and cultural structures and the need for cross-disciplinary knowledge and diverse skills. Such an integrated approach which combines the concept of sustainability in the engineering field to create a CE, has not yet been presented in detail in the published literature, and there are only scattered studies covering only small parts of this holistic approach. Hence, this book will represent a single reference that will provide summarized information and state-of-the-art knowledge on this topic of the future. The book will include chapters showcasing/investigating the relation between circular economy principles and their realization in different engineering fields. This includes theoretical justification, research studies and full-scale case studies. The approach focuses on two distinct levels: macro and micro, on both production and consumption sides.

This book is based on several decades of authors'research and practical experience in the areas of industrial and commercial buildings ventilation and energy efficiency as well as in process optimization in different types of industrial facilities. The Book discusses different types of air curtains used around the world and describes design, applications, pros and cons and examples for each type of air curtain. The book is illustrated with schematics of air curtains and pictures from their real-life implementation from around-the -world. To compare various design of air curtains, authors propose several indicators/efficiency criteria, which address effectiveness of air curtains, their energy and performance efficiency. The target audience for this book are energy and process engineers and designers of large commercial and industrial facilities, warehouses, and hangars.

This book emphasizes the rising need for people to have a basic understanding of science and technology and the emphatic role they can play in shaping the AI-driven future, especially in terms of creating sustainable societies with growing job opportunities. This book highlights why a smoothly functioning society will require, but does not yet possess in critical numbers, policymakers, senior managers, government officials, and those entering the high-end of the AI-driven job market who have a shared vision and a shared understanding of how science shapes the future of sustainable societies.This book makes the case that the destiny of Homo sapiens is not just about evolutionary biology but increasingly about evolutionary knowledge. This book describes the web of knowledge where scientific theories appear as intellectual constructs, which lead to new knowledge that open opportunities for gainful human employment for the well-educated while eliminating jobsfor the less-educated by advancing AI in a predator–prey adversarial model (the logistic map), thus raising livelihood concerns across wide swathes of human population.This inevitably leads to the question, “How should intellectual property rights, especially patents, be granted and protected when AI becomes advanced enough to invent without human intervention?” To answer this question, lawmakers, policymakers, managers, government officials, judiciary, enforcement agencies, etc., must have sufficient knowledge of how scientific theories impact modern society. After reading this book, the reader will be able to find answers to the following questions:•How do scientific theories impact modern society?•What is the intellectual base on which science and technology policies are founded?•Why do individuals across a population need to possess scientific knowledge?•What are the rising concerns of peoplein finding sustainable employment in an AI-driven world?•What is the compelling need to understand the role of patentable inventions in a world where intellectual property is wealth?

This book is a result of the 1st ARCH and DESN International Conference (previously Memaryat) Conference held at Effat university on the 8th and 9th of February 2023, and includes chapters dealing with the critical manifestation of “Man and Place” to accommodate and embrace social, economic, and environmental needs within a balanced, integrated system.The book is groundbreaking in that it brings together some of the brightest minds in academia and industry. The book includes a diverse range of contributions from esteemed academics and practitioners and offers a unique platform for thought-provoking discussions and innovative strategies that will help shape the cities of tomorrow.Further chapters include topics such as sustainability and creative transformations, smart cities, environmental resilience, resilient local economies, manufacturing innovations, and smart products. This book will be of interest to decision-makers, architects, interior designers, product designers, urban planners, urban designers, entrepreneurs, educators, and agencies.

This book presents important insights into Social Innovation and Reverse Innovation. It introduces a unique perspective by merging Social Innovation with the emerging concept of Reverse Innovation. Addressing the scarcity of Reverse Innovation knowledge, the book starts with a comprehensive literature review, establishing a solid theoretical framework.By leveraging the core contributions of both concepts, a new idea is developed: Reverse Social Innovation. This unexplored notion is rigorously examined through a novel conceptual model and validated via mixed-method research. Case studies showcase instances of Reverse Social Innovation, while content analysis refines the model. The book is valuable for practitioners, researchers, and students. Practitioners can explore the potential of Reverse Social Innovation for impactful change. Researchers delve into the uncharted territory of Reverse Innovation and its intersections. Students engage with a cutting-edge research field, opening doors for future exploration.

This book addresses quantitative assessment of forest governance and how local-level institutions work in governing efficient ways of forest resource management so that sustainable development of forest is ensured. The research is done at the micro-level as well as macro-level in India. The research presented here focuses on forest governance and institutions in the two forest divisions of West Bengal say South Bengal and North Bengal. The research covers 36 villages, 844 households, 10 Gram panchayat, 12 Beat offices, and 36 Forest protection Committees in West Bengal and also studies different local-level institutions like local communities/households; Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMC)/Forest Protection Committees (FPCs); Community Forest Management groups; Van Panchayats; Village Councils (schedule VI area) and Biodiversity Management Committees; Eco-development committees, NGOs and Self-Help Groups, and Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs). Chapters also address various issues like monitoring, enforcement, rule of law, transparency, accountability, participation, control of corruption, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, and sustainable livelihood in connection with the study of forest governance. This research is associated with different sectors like agricultural sector, forestry sector, informal sectors and rural development, etc., and involved multi-stakeholders. Particular attention is given on the policy-oriented research which is the cornerstone of SDG of 16. Developmental practitioners, government implementation agencies, researchers in environmental science and social science, and policymakers find this book appealing.

This concise book examines the decline and erosion of UMNO as a dominant political party of Malaysia through the perspective of Ibn Khaldun's theory of asabiyyah and umran. It uses the qualitative method of data collection from Ibn Khaldun's original works. After discussing Ibn Khaldun's theory of asabiyyah and umran, UMNOs umranic contributions and erosion of Malay asabiyyah are discussed in detail. The research outlines how asabiyyah led to UMNOs rise to prominence, gain of political power, bringing of progress and development of Malaysia to an umranic stage before it started to decline and erode in concordance with the five stages of Ibn Khaldun's theory of rise and fall of civilizations. This book highlights that early leaders of UMNO played significant role in fostering group feeling and solidarity of the Malays (asabiyyah). Asabiyyah was the engine that propelled UMNO to transform the Malays and Malaysia to an umranic society. In conclusion, the later leaders of UMNO contributedto weakening of the Malay asabiyyah and the fall of UMNO from power in the 14th General Elections in 2018. The process of UMNOs decline and erosion of political power is primarily caused by the leaders'failures and shortcomings. The author, a Malaysian lawyer and long-standing Minister in the Prime Minister's Department, Minister of Justice, Minister of Defence, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Minister of Home Affairs in the Barisan Nasional in Malaysia, concludes with the recommendation that for UMNO to be relevant again in the current political landscape, it must initiate new and serious approaches and initiatives to change itself and must focus on good governance and rule of law in a multi-ethnic Malaysian society. Relevant to scholars and practitioners in political science, sociology, and Islamic studies, this book is a landmark commentary on contemporary Malaysian politics, drawing from the author's own experience as a member of parliament in his various ministerial positions over three decades.

Dieses Buch beschäftigt sich mit Migranten als multikulturelle Individuen, die durch die Sozialisierung in verschiedenen Ländern ein erweitertes kulturelles Repertoire aufweisen. Dieses Repertoire stellt Potenziale im Arbeitskontext, die von Organisationen selten erkannt und deshalb auch nicht in strategische Ressourcen umgewandelt werden können. Anhand von vier qualitativen Fallstudien der Luft- und Raumfahrt und Unternehmensberatung in Deutschland zeigt das Buch, dass multikulturelle Individuen organisationale Routinen aufbrechen und in interkulturellen Aushandlungen mit Teamkollegen kreativ Veränderung und Innovation herbeiführen. Dabei beeinflusst der organisationale Kontext die Veränderungsspielräume und -funktionen. So wird ein theoretischer Beitrag zu Kompetenzen multikultureller Individuen geleistet, sowie ein praktischer Beitrag für die Personal- und Organisationsentwicklung, ebenso wie ein methodischer Beitrag durch die Reflexion des induktiv-abduktiven Forschungsprozessesund die Erkenntnisse zur Verbindung von Grounded Theory und Fallstudien.

An der Schnittstelle von Arbeitsmigration und Gesundheitsarbeit untersucht dieses Buch die dynamische Beziehung zwischen der grenzüberschreitenden Bewegung von Krankenschwestern und den Bemühungen, ihre Migration zu regulieren. Auf der Grundlage qualitativer Forschung an mehreren Standorten analysiert dieser Band die sich verändernden sozialen Dimensionen und das transnationale Ausmaß der globalen Krankenpflege und konzentriert sich dabei insbesondere auf die Anwerbung von Pflegekräften von den Philippinen nach Deutschland. Die Abwanderung von Pflegefachkräften aus ressourcenarmen Ländern in wohlhabende Länder führt nicht nur zu einem globalen Pflegenotstand, sondern ist auch ein Paradebeispiel für den internationalen Wettlauf um Talente und Fähigkeiten. Dieses Buch wirft einen kritischen Blick auf das entstehende Feld der Migrationssteuerung oder des Migrationsmanagements als bevorzugte politische Antwort auf die konkurrierenden Diskurse über den globalen Pflegenotstand und den globalen Wettbewerb um qualifizierte Pflegekräfte. Es beleuchtet nicht nur das sich verändernde Geflecht von Akteuren, Diskursen und Praktiken im Migrationsmanagement der Pflegearbeit, sondern auch und vor allem, wie verschiedene Formen der Pflege in der globalen Migration von Pflegekräften zum Tragen kommen.

The Himalaya is the new folded mountain system – the tallest and the youngest in the world. It has a rich diversity – natural and cultural, and diversity in all walks of life. Most of its uniqueness is unknown because of its remoteness. Even, the native people are not aware of them. This book aims to describe the uniqueness of the Central Himalaya in terms of its natural and cultural diversity in detail. Supported by original figures and primary data, this book is empirically tested. It is mainly based on observation and participation and the use of a qualitative approach. Although lots of work has been carried out on the various aspects of the Himalayan region yet, a detailed description of the natural and cultural diversity is yet to be done. This book steps forward to elaborate on some of the unique natural and cultural features of the Central Himalaya, which are worthy to be known about. It contains a total of 10 chapters. Four chapters are devoted to natural diversity and fourchapters comprise cultural diversity. Besides, the introduction and conclusions are the first and the last chapters of the book, respectively. The book is the first of its kind and will be useful to all stakeholders – students of all standards, research scholars, academicians, policymakers, native people, tourists, and the general public.

The book explores the question of the significance of fear and reason in the context of cultural violence and subjective different experiences of violence. Perspectives from the social sciences, educational philosophy and cultural studies open up an interdisciplinary approach to violence of culture and media, the experience of fear and vulnerability as well as strangeness and rage.

New research in psychology, neuroscience, cognitive science, and other fields is published every day, but the gap between what is known and the capacity to act on that knowledge has never been larger. Scholars and nonscholars alike face the problem of how to organize knowledge and to integrate new observations with what is already known. Ontologies - formal, explicit specifications of the meaning of the concepts and entities that scientists study - provide a way to address these and other challenges, and thus to accelerate progress in behavioral research and its application. Ontologies help researchers precisely define behavioral phenomena and how they relate to each other and reliably classify them. They help researchers identify the inconsistent use of definitions, labels, and measures and provide the basis for sharing knowledge across diverse approaches and methodologies. Although ontologies are an ancient idea, modern researchers rely on them to codify research terms and findings in computer-readable formats and work with large datasets and computer-based analytic techniques. Ontologies in the Behavioral Sciences: Accelerating Research and the Spread of Knowledge describes how ontologies support science and its application to real-world problems. This report details how ontologies function, how they can be engineered to better support the behavioral sciences, and the resources needed to sustain their development and use to help ensure the maximum benefit from investment in behavioral science research.

This book addresses the challenge of understanding human life. It compares our life experience with the attempts to grasp it by astrologers, eugenicists, psychologists, neuroscientists, social scientists, and philosophers. The main opposition among these specialties lies between understanding and misunderstanding. The book also addresses the central methodological difficulty of capturing a human life. It is first examined how certain approaches may lead to a misunderstanding of human life. The book contrasts the example of astrology—an accepted practice in ancient civilizations, but now classified among the pseudosciences—with astronomy, a full-fledged science since Galileo's time. Another, more recent approach regards human life as predetermined by genes: the methods used by eugenicists, and later by political regimes under the name of hereditarianism, came to compete with genetics. A broader analysis shows how astrology and eugenicism are not truly scientific approaches. Next, the book looks at the ways of capturing an imaginary or real human life story. A comprehensive approach will try to fully understand their complexity, while a more explanatory approach considers only certain specific phenomena of human life. For example, demography studies only births, deaths, and migration. Another crucial factor in the collection of life histories is memory and its transmission. Psychology and psychoanalysis have developed different schools to try to explain them. The book concludes with a detailed discussion of the concepts and tools that have been proposed in more recent times for understanding the various aspects of life stories: mechanisms, systems, hermeneutics, and autonomy.

Im Buch werden zum ersten Mal die vielfältigen Forschungsergebnisse zum Wissenstransfer auf die gehobene Gastronomie übertragen. Anhand vieler praktischer Beispiele aus der Gastronomie werden unter anderem folgende Fragen beantwortet: Was ist eigentlich Wissen und welches Wissen ist in der Gastronomie wichtig? Wie funktioniert Wissenstransfer in verschiedenen Küchentypen? Von welchen Faktoren hängt die Weitergabe von Wissen ab? Wie kann man Wissen in der Gastronomie managen? Welches Wissen braucht es im Service? In welchen Bereichen spielt die Beratung als Wissensquelle eine Rolle?Diese Fragen werden auf der Grundlage von wissenschaftlichen Studien beantwortet und unterhaltsam dargelegt. Hierbei kommen auch viele bekannte Persönlichkeiten aus der gehobenen Gastronomie zu Wort und erläutern Herausforderungen und mögliche Lösungen für den Wissenstransfer in ihren Betrieben.

The text addresses the impact of globalization within engineering, particularly on working practices and prospects for creativity. It suggests that accepted norms of economic activity create enclosures and thresholds within the profession, which—as engineers increase their awareness (reflexivity)—will shape the future of engineering, and the values which underpin it. It is aimed at practicing engineers and those in training and is an introduction to the social and political context currently setting new challenges for the profession.

This book, Engineering and Sustainable Community Development, presents an overview of engineering as it relates to humanitarian engineering, service learning engineering, or engineering for community development, often called sustainable community development (SCD). The topics covered include a history of engineers and development, the problems of using industry-based practices when designing for communities, how engineers can prepare to work with communities, and listening in community development. It also includes two case studies -- one of engineers developing a windmill for a community in India, and a second of an engineer'mapping communities'in Honduras to empower people to use water effectively -- and student perspectives and experiences on one curricular model dealing with community development. Table of Contents: Introduction / Engineers and Development: From Empires to Sustainable Development / Why Design for Industry Will Not Work as Design for Community / Engineering with Community / Listening to Community / ESCD Case Study 1: Sika Dhari's Windmill / ESCD Case Study 2: Building Organizations and Mapping Communities in Honduras / Students'Perspectives on ESCD: A Course Model / Beyond Engineers and Community: A Path Forward

Engineers work in an increasingly complex entanglement of ideas, people, cultures, technology, systems and environments. Today, decisions made by engineers often have serious implications for not only their clients but for society as a whole and the natural world. Such decisions may potentially influence cultures, ways of living, as well as alter ecosystems which are in delicate balance. In order to make appropriate decisions and to co-create ideas and innovations within and among the complex networks of communities which currently exist and are shaped by our decisions, we need to regain our place as professionals, to realise the significance of our work and to take responsibility in a much deeper sense. Engineers must develop the'ability to respond'to emerging needs of all people, across all cultures. To do this requires insights and knowledge which are at present largely within the domain of the social and political sciences but which need to be shared with our students in ways which are meaningful and relevant to engineering. This book attempts to do just that. In Part 1 Baillie introduces ideas associated with the ways in which engineers relate to the communities in which they work. Drawing on scholarship from science and technology studies, globalisation and development studies, as well as work in science communication and dialogue, this introductory text sets the scene for an engineering community which engages with the public. In Part 2 Catalano frames the thinking processes necessary to create ethical and just decisions in engineering, to understand the implications of our current decision making processes and think about ways in which we might adapt these to become more socially just in the future. In Part 3 Baillie and Catalano have provided case studies of everyday issues such as water, garbage and alarm clocks, to help us consider how we might see through the lenses of our new knowledge from Parts 1 and 2 and apply this to our everyday existence as engineers. Table of Contents: Introduction / Throwing Away Rubbish / Turning on the Tap / Awakened by an Alarm Clock / Driving the SUV / Travelling to Waikiki Beach

Humanitarian Engineering reviews the development of engineering as a distinct profession and of the humanitarian movement as a special socio-political practice. Having noted that the two developments were situated in the same geographical and historical space -- that is, in Europe and North America beginning in the 1700s -- the book argues for a mutual influence and synthesis that has previously been lacking. In this spirit, the first of two central chapters describes humanitarian engineering as the artful drawing on science to direct the resources of nature with active compassion to meet the basic needs of all -- especially the powerless, poor, or otherwise marginalized. A second central chapter then considers strategies for education in humanitarian engineering so conceived. Two final chapters consider challenges and implications. Table of Contents: Engineering / Humanitarianism / Humanitarian Engineering / Humanitarian Engineering Education / Challenges / Conclusion: Humanizing Technology

Engineers, Technology and Society presents topics intended to aid the practicing engineer in reflecting upon the nature and purpose of their own practice within the engineering profession and how that is related to and implicated in social, economic and political issues. The series will include external relations between engineering, economic systems and social and political practices, as well as power structures and working conditions within the organisation. In an increasingly competitive and hostile environment in which practicing engineers are forced to spend their lives fighting for higher profit margins, many engineers become despondent and often leave the profession just a few years after graduation. They do not feel they are engineering for those in need in the world but for a small minority who can pay. There are an increasing number of engineers in the workplace who feel dissatisfied with these issues but do not know where to begin to address them. It is hoped that these books will start a conversation in many parts of the world where diverse engineers are working. This introductory book of the series presents an overview of the key issues at stake. I consider how, as engineers, we might decide what is the right thing to do by exploring rights and notions of freedom and what these might mean in a world where we are, according to some, ‘training for compliance'. I consider engineering in the past and how it has been used to contribute to social contexts in the Western world as well as in developing countries. I look at our responsibility as engineers to learn from the past to enhance our understanding and take appropriate action related to contemporary industrial development and globalization. Finally, I present a case study of my own engineering for others to critique. Practicing what you preach is never easy and living as a just engineer presents many challenges. As Ursula Franklin states clearly in her Massey lectures which I discuss in chapter 1, engineers have choices; it is up to us to ensure that we are aware of the way in which our engineering practice contributes to global social, economic and political issues so that we are able to make response – able choices.

The profession of engineering in the United States has historically served the status quo, feeding an ever-expanding materialistic and militaristic culture, remaining relatively unresponsive to public concerns, and without significant pressure for change from within. This book calls upon engineers to cultivate a passion for social justice and peace and to develop the skill and knowledge set needed to take practical action for change within the profession. Because many engineers do not receive education and training that support the kinds of critical thinking, reflective decision-making, and effective action necessary to achieve social change, engineers concerned with social justice can feel powerless and isolated as they remain complicit. Utilizing techniques from radical pedagogies of liberation and other movements for social justice, this book presents a roadmap for engineers to become empowered and engage one another in a process of learning and action for social justice and peace. Table of contents: What Do we Mean by Social Justice? / Mindsets in Engineering / Engineering and Social Injustice / Toward a More Socially Just Engineering / Turning Knowledge into Action: Strategies for Change / Parting Lessons for the Continuing Struggle

The recent tragedy in the Gulf of Mexico and resultant ethical consequences for the engineering profession are introduced and discussed. The need for a new engineering ethic is identified and introduced based upon advancements in science, complex systems and eco-philosophy. Motivations for introducing a new ethic rather than modifying existing ethics are also discussed. Table of Contents: Tragedy in the Gulf / Tragedy Unfolding / Engineering Ethics / Complex Systems / Quantum Mechanics / Evolving Principles of the Universe / A New Engineering Ethic / Epilogue

Needs and Feasibility: A Guide for Engineers in Community Projects -- The Case of Waste for Life is the story of Waste for Life (WFL). WFL is a not-for-profit organization that works to promote poverty-reducing solutions to environmental problems, and its educational branch is an international consortium of universities in six countries, involving students in support of community development projects. WFL currently works in Lesotho and Argentina. We present the story of the development of WFL in each country as a case-based guide to engineers, professors and students interested in community development work, particularly in contexts very different from their own. We focus mainly on the set-up stages, framing the projects to ensure that community needs are adequately articulated and acted upon. We begin with needs assessment, what is it that needs to be done -- for whom and why? How feasible is this, technically, economically, and can we guarantee sustainability? Before we can decide any of this, we need to understand and map the territory -- who are the key players, who have the most influence, and who will be most impacted by what we are doing? What is the role of the local government? If the groups are working as cooperatives, what does this mean, and what are these groups looking for? What is the technical solution going to look like? If it is a product, how will it be marketed? What other social, environmental, and economic impacts will it have and on whom? Once these have all been negotiated, and it is clear that all parties are working towards a mutually acceptable goal, how do we move forward so that any dependence on external partners is removed? When do we bring students into the work? What role can they play? Should they stay at home and support the project from there or is it better to do work in the field? This guide will be useful for the student engineer or the experienced engineer or professor who is interested in moving towards socially just engineering development work but has no idea where to begin. The real difficulties and on the ground issues encountered by the Waste for Life team are presented honestly and with the knowledge that we must learn from our mistakes. Only then can we hope to gain a better understanding of our potential role in supporting community development and move towards a better future. Table of Contents: An Introduction / Assessing the Need in Lesotho / Feasibility of WFL Lesotho / Mapping the Territory in Buenos Aires / Stakeholder Focus: The Local Government / Stakeholder Focus: Cooperatives / Sustainability: Economic, Environmental, and Social / Student Involvement / Summary Thoughts

In this book we explore a sea change occurring in leadership for academic women in the sciences and engineering. Our approach is a two-pronged one: On the one hand, we outline the nature of the changes and their sources, both in various literatures and from program research results. On the other hand, we specify and provide detail about the persistent problems and obstacles that remain as barriers to women's full participation in academic science and engineering, their career advancement and success, and, most important, their role as leaders in making change. At the heart of this book is our goal to give some shape to the research, practice, and programs developed by women academic leaders making institutional change in the sciences and engineering. Table of Contents: Women in a New Era of Academic Leadership / Background: Academic Leadership for Women in Science and Engineering / Gender and Leadership: Theories and Applications / Women in Engineering Leadership Institute: Critical Issues for Women Academic Engineers as Leaders / From Success Stories to Success Strategies: Leadership for Promoting Diversity in Academic Science and Engineering / Conclusion

Water and energy are fundamental elements of community well-being and economic development, and a key focus of engineering efforts the world over. As such, they offer outstanding opportunities for the development of socially just engineering practices. This work examines the engineering of water and energy systems with a focus on issues of social justice and sustainability. A key theme running through the work is engaging community on water and energy engineering projects: How is this achieved in diverse contexts? And, what can we learn from past failures and successes in water and energy engineering? The book includes a detailed case study of issues involved in the provision of water and energy, among other needs, in a developing and newly independent nation, East Timor.

Mining has been entangled with the development of communities in all continents since the beginning of large-scale resource extraction. It has brought great wealth and prosperity, as well as great misery and environmental destruction. Today, there is a greater awareness of the urgent need for engineers to meet the challenge of extracting declining mineral resources more efficiently, with positive and equitable social impact and minimal environmental impact. Many engineering disciplines—from software to civil engineering—play a role in the life of a mine, from its inception and planning to its operation and final closure. The companies that employ these engineers are expected to uphold human rights, address community needs, and be socially responsible. While many believe it is possible for mines to make a profit and achieve these goals simultaneously, others believe that these are contradictory aims. This book narrates the social experience of mining in two very different settings—Papua New Guinea and Western Australia—to illustrate how political, economic, and cultural contexts can complicate the simple idea of'community engagement.'Table of Contents: Preface / Mining in History / The Ok Tedi Mine in Papua New Guinea / Mining and Society in Western Australia / Acting on Knowledge / References / Author Biographies

A response of the engineering profession to the challenges of security, poverty and underdevelopment, environmental sustainability, and native cultures is described. Ethical codes, which govern the behavior of engineers, are examined from a historical perspective linking the prevailing codes to models of the natural world. A new ethical code based on a recently introduced model of Nature as an integral community is provided and discussed. Applications of the new code are described using a case study approach. With the ethical code based on an integral community in place, new design algorithms are developed and also explored using case studies. Implications of the proposed changes in ethics and design on engineering education are considered. Table of Contents: Preface / Acknowledgments / Introduction / Engineering Ethics / Models of the Earth / Engineering in a Morally Deep World / Engineering Design in a Morally Deep World / Implications for Engineering Education / Final Thoughts / References / Author's Biography

This book will focus on'Waste Management,'a serious global issue and engineers'responsibility towards finding better solutions for its sustainable management. Solid waste management is one of the major environmental burdens in both developed and developing countries alike. An alarming rate of solid waste generation trends can be seen as a result of globalization, industrialization, and rapid economic development. However, low-income and marginalized sectors in society suffer most from the unfavorable conditions deriving from poor waste management. Solid waste management is not a mere technical challenge. The environmental impact, socio-economic, cultural, institutional, legal, and political aspects are fundamental in planning, designing, and maintaining a sustainable waste management system in any country. Engineers have a major role to play in designing proper systems that integrate stakeholders, waste system elements, and sustainability aspects of waste management. This book is part of a focused collection from a project on Engineering and Education for Social and Environmental Justice. It takes an explicitly social and environmental justice stance on waste and attempts to assess the social impact of waste management on those who are also the most economically vulnerable and least powerful in the society. We hope that this book will assist our readers to think critically and understand the framework of socially and environmentally just waste management. Table of Contents: Introduction / Towards a Just Politics of Waste Management / Expertise, Indigenous People, and the Site 41 Landfill / Waste Management in the Global North / Waste Management in the Global South: A Sri Lankan Case Study / Assessing the Feasibility of Waste for Life in the Western Province of Sri Lanka

Sustainable development is one of the key challenges of the twenty-first century. The engineering profession is central to achieving sustainable development. To date, engineering contributions to sustainability have focused on reducing the environmental impacts of development and improving the efficiency of resource use. This approach is consistent with dominant policy responses to environmental problems, which have been characterised as ecological modernisation. Ecological modernisation assumes that sustainability can be addressed by reforming modern society and developing environmental technologies. Environmental philosophers have questioned these assumptions and call into question the very nature of modern society as underlying the destruction of nature and the persistence of social inequality. Central to the crises of ecology and human development are patterns of domination and the separation of nature and culture. Engineering has a clear role to play in ecological modernisation, but its role in more radical visions of sustainability is uncertain. Actor-network theory provides an analysis of socio-technical systems which does not require the separation of nature and culture, and it provides a way of thinking about how engineers are involved in shaping society and its relationship to the environment. It describes the world in terms of relationships between human and non-human actors. It shows that social relationships are mediated by technologies and non-human nature, and that assumptions about society and behaviour are''baked-in''to technological systems. Modern infrastructure systems are particularly important in shaping society and have significant environmental impacts. Modern infrastructure has allowed the consumption of resources far beyond basic human needs in developed countries. Failure to deliver infrastructure services has resulted in billions of the world's poorest people missing out on the benefits of modern development. Engineers have an important role to play in developing new infrastructure systems which acknowledge the relationships between technology and society in shaping demand for resources and environmental impacts, as well as alleviating poverty. Engineers have an important role in mediating between the values of society, clients, the environment and the possibilities of technology. Constructive Technology Assessment and Value Sensitive Design are two methodologies which engineers are using to better account for the social and ethical implications of their work. Understanding engineering as a hybrid, socio-technical profession can help develop new ways of working that acknowledge the importance of technology and infrastructure in shaping social relationships that are central to achieving sustainability. Table of Contents: The Origins of Sustainability / Ecological Modernisation / Environmental Ethics / Society and Technology / Engineering Consumption / Sustainable Urban Water Systems / Engineering, Technology and Ethics / Conclusion

In this book we consider ways in which mining companies do and can/should respect the human rights of communities affected by mining operations. We examine what'can and should'means and to whom, in a variety of mostly Peruvian contexts, and how engineers engage in'normative'practices that may interfere with the communities'best interests. We hope to raise awareness of the complexity of issues at stake and begin the necessary process of critique—of self and of the industry in which an engineer chooses to work. This book aims to alert engineering students to the price paid not only by vulnerable communities but also by the natural environment when mining companies engage in irresponsible and, often, illegal mining practices. If mining is to be in our future, and if we are to have a future which is sustainable, engineering students must learn to mine and support mining, in new ways—ways which are fairer, more equitable, and cleaner than today.

Climate change is reshaping the planet, its ecosystems, and the evolution of human societies. Related impacts and disasters are triggering significant shifts in the inextricably interconnected human and ecological systems with unprecedented potential implications. These shifts not only threaten survival at species and community levels, but are also emerging drivers of conflicts, human insecurity, and displacement both within and across national borders. Taking these shifting dynamics into account, particularly in the Anthropocene era, this book provides an analysis of the climate-conflict-migration nexus from human security and resilience perspectives. The core approach of the volume consists of unpacking the key dynamics of the nexus between climate change, conflict, and displacement and exploring the various local and global response mechanisms to address the nexus, assess their effectiveness, and identify their implications for the nexus itself. It includes both conceptual researchand empirical studies reporting lessons learned from many geographical, environmental, social, and policy settings.

A response of the engineering profession to the challenges of security, poverty and under-development, and environmental sustainability is described. Ethical codes, which govern the behavior of engineers, are examined from a historical perspective linking the prevailing codes to models of the natural world.Anewethical code based on a recently introduced model of Nature as an integral community is provided and discussed. Applications of the new code are described using a case study approach. With the ethical code based on an integral community in place, a new design algorithm is developed and also explored using case studies. Implications of the proposed changes in ethics and design on engineering education are considered.