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Attempts to eliminate or reduce gender inequality have been made by governments, international organizations, NGOs, policymakers, and private organizations. However, the evidence still shows that the gender gap exists from womb to tomb, from parental treatment to corporate leadership, and even the genders'psychologically different identity for that matter. The question, however, arises with laws and regulations formed on gender disparity, bills becoming acts, society becoming broader in their outlook, and adopting inclusivity in terms of gender in different spheres: Are we still able to claim that we are addressing gender inequality enough? This volume explores the disparity between genders in terms of the labor market and career advancement, child-rearing practices, education, financial literacy, work-life balance, pay gaps, and economic development, to name a few areas. It focuses on the robust themes of the gender gap from a modern perspective to enhance our understanding of gender inequality in today's world.

This book integrates the current research on diversity, equity, and inclusion with corporate practice and describes how these initiatives affect organizations'morale, performance, and output. Academic researchers, corporate executives tasked with implementing Diversity, Equity & Inclusion (DEI), and regulators face the problem of balancing DEI initiatives, which could generate diverse ideas beneficial to the organization, with concerns about diluting meritocracy. Building a diverse workforce could improve both organizational well-being and social harmony. Research has shown that building a diverse workforce often results in communication and coordination issues and unjustified pay and performance gaps, engendering feelings of exclusion among diverse individuals. The book describes how organizations address these issues in various settings ranging from accounting firms to health care providers. It covers settings with gender and racial diversities and clarifies the difference between equality and equity. Its coverage includes dealing with concealable disabilities and promoting equity across diverse populations in organizational and social settings.

Global capitalism is effecting changes in human life as momentous as those that occurred during the Neolithic Revolution, the Axial Age (700-300 BC), and the modern era post-1500, when industrial capitalism, state power, and science reshaped the civilized world. The transformation is paradoxical, however. Science and technology ensure material progress but the market promotes cultural obsolescence and erodes belief in the Enlightenment ideals that inspired the quest for progress. In Western democracies, liberty and equality are proving irreconcilable, citizens becoming demoralized, fraternity fractured; meanwhile despotic Eurasian states are recycling old faiths and concocting neo-imperialist ideologies. These contradictions must be confronted if the cultural values that sustain civilized life are to be conserved.

How rich should the 1% be? And, most importantly, when does the distance in economic resources between the richest citizens and ‘us', the average citizenry, become a concern for justice?This volume explores how excessive economic inequality gives the best-off considerably more political influence than average citizens, thereby violating political equality. It argues that the gap between the best-off and the worst-off should not be reduced because it is good, but rather as an inescapable instrument to protect citizens from the risk of material domination. For this reason, it defends the ‘principle of proportionality': economic inequality should not exceed a certain range or proportion to enable both the best-off and the worst-off to be co-authors of the legal, political, and socioeconomic rules that govern the ‘social'relations in which they are involved.Further, the book discusses material domination and explains how money influences politics and what are the remedies for this phenomenon; how social justice should face and harmonise power, poverty, efficiency, individual merit, and economic liberties; and, most importantly, how to determine income and wealth limit ratios in a liberal democracy.A thoughtful investigation on the interdependencies of money and justice and their influence our socio-political systems, this volume will be of great interest to students and researchers of political theory, political philosophy, economics and development, economics theory and philosophy, and social policy.

Bernés par les prestidigitations des ultrariches, nous regardons ceux-ci, stupéfaits, dilapider les ressources de la planète. Dans son roman Chien blanc, Romain Gary appelle «société de provocation» cet ordre social où l'exhibitionnisme de la richesse érige en vertu la démesure et le luxe ostentatoire tout en privant une part de plus en plus large de la population des moyens de satisfaire ses besoins réels. Ce pamphlet cinglant énumère et analyse les mille façons qu'ont les ultrariches de nous nuire, et invite à rompre avec cette société de provocation.

Take action to promote social justice with help from this practical guide Social justice is about uplifting and empowering underserved and marginalized communities impacted by systems of oppression. While believing in equity and fairness is easy, taking action and doing your part requires work. This book is filled with practical, real-world advice that shows you how to serve and support your community through activism. You'll discover concrete steps you can take in 4 key areas that determine well-being and livelihood for all groups of people: education, economic stability, health, and safety. This standout among social justice books encourages you to: Get involved—Examine your intentions and unconscious biases, take stock of your strengths and interests, and consider important historical contexts when involving yourself in social justice work. See justice in action—Read relatable stories about real-life social justice wins to help inspire your own activism. Engage with others—Social justice is only possible when in community with others. Find tips on involving friends, family, and other community members in respectful and sustainable ways. Promote social justice and help create meaningful change with How to Be a Social Justice Advocate.

Why does Western pandemic policy have support across the political spectrum, when its social impacts conflict with ideology on both right and left? During the pandemic, the Left has agreed that ‘following the science'with hard lockdowns is the best way to preserve life; only irresponsible right-wing populists oppose them. But social science shows that while the rich have got richer, those suffering most under lockdown are the already disadvantaged: the poor, the young, and—most overlooked of all—the Global South. The UN is predicting tens of millions of deaths from hunger and warning that decades of development are being reversed. Equally, why have conservatives backed lockdowns and other major interventions, creating the big state that they usually abhor? These contradictions within the great consensus of Western pandemic response are part of a broader crisis in Western thought. Toby Green peels back the policy paradoxes to reveal irreconcilable beliefs in our societies. These deep divisions are now bursting into the open, with devastating consequences for the global poor.

This second edition of a major textbook uses lively prose and a series of carefully-crafted pedagogical features to both introduce sociology as a discipline and to help students realize how deeply sociological issues impact on their own lives. Over the book's 12 chapters, students discover what sociology is, alongside its historical development and emergent new concerns. They will be led through the theories that underpin the discipline and familiarized with what it takes to undertake good sociological research. Ultimately students will be led and inspired to develop their own sociological imagination – learning to question their own assumptions about the society, the culture and the world around them today.Historically, the majority of introductory sociology textbooks have run to many hundreds of pages, discouraging students from further reading. By contrast, Discovering Sociology has been carefully designed and developed as a true introduction, covering the key ideas and topics that first year undergraduate students need to engage with without sacrificing intellectual rigour.New to this Edition:- Two new chapters adding coverage on crime, deviance and political sociology- Updated examples, Vox Pops and case studies keep this new edition feeling fresh and contemporary and ensure diverse coverage, including from beyond Western sociology- Thoughtfully updated and refreshed layout and visual features.Accompanying online resources for this title can be found at bloomsburyonlineresources.com/discovering-sociology-2e. These resources are designed to support teaching and learning when using this textbook and are available at no extra cost.

With the increased digitisation of society comes an increased concern about who is left behind. From societal causes to the impact of everyday actions, The Digital Disconnect explores the relationship between digital and social inequalities, and the lived consequences of digitisation. Ellen Helsper goes beyond questions of digital divides and who is connected. She asks why and how social and digital inequalities are linked and shows the tangible outcomes of socio-digital inequalities in everyday lives. The book: Introduces the key theories and concepts needed to understand both ‘traditional'and digital inequalities research. Investigates a range of socio-digital inequalities, from digital access and skills, to civic participation, social engagement, and everyday content creation and consumption. Brings research to life with a range of qualitative vignettes, drawing out the personal experiences that lay at the heart of global socio-digital inequalities. The Digital Disconnect is an expert exploration of contemporary theory, research and practice in socio-digital inequalities. It is also an urgent and impassioned call to broaden horizons, expand theoretical and methodological toolkits, and work collectively to help achieve a fairer digital future for all. Ellen J. Helsper is Professor of Digital Inequalities at the Department of Media and Communications at London School of Economics and Political Science.

In The Politics of Inequality, David Pettinicchio has gathered an interdisciplinary team of leading experts to make a valuable contribution to the existing inequalities literature through a political sociology lens. Broad social, political and economic forces associated with neoliberalism and globalization, climate change, migration and immigration, health, global financial crises, and crime and punishment, among others, have manifested themselves in a variety of different ways, in turn influencing the politics of inequality across local, national and international contexts. This volume explores a wide range of topics showcasing the multidimensional nature of the politics of inequality. Some of these topics include inequalities within democratic movements, youth political engagement, environmental justice, the impacts of neoliberal capitalism on reproductive autonomy, the politics of educational inequalities, the effects of different forms of collective action on perceptions of inequality, public health and care work, the intersection of race and LGBTQ status in political representation, and much more.

This book provides international and transdisciplinary perspectives on Hyperprecarity and Social Structural Transformations in European Societies, USA and Russia enforced through other special transformation processes such as digitalisation, migration and demographic change. It has been observed that precarity and social insecurity do not refer any longer only to certain groups of the society such as unemployed people or to those ones who are ‘traditionally'more in need of social benefit etc. but it accompanies and affects greater parts of the society, particularly those sections of the middleclass who conceive their social identity merely via their work ethics. Consequentially new forms of social exclusion are being producing taxing the traditional social cohesion in European societies due to the demand of new forms of flexibility and mobility from the working people. This process can be termed with the notion'Hyperprecarisation'.This book contains contributions from scientists all over Europe, Russia and the USA, who are members of the SUPI network “Social Uncertainty, Prequarity, Inequality”.PD Dr. Rolf Hepp teaches at the Institut for Soziologie at the FU Berlin and coordinates the S.U.P.I.-Network.Dr. David Kergel teaches at Universität Siegen, Medienwissenschaftliches Seminar.Dr. Robert Riesinger, (Prof. a.D., FH Joanneum Graz) is author and researcher for sociology in Steyerberg.

Rising inequalities are a defining challenge of our times and a crucial obstacle to the realization of the SDGs. The need to accelerate steps towards the reduction of growing disparities within and among countries is well realised. Responding to that need, this book aims to understand the types, drivers, consequences and impact of inequalities in broad contexts across groups and individuals, as well as societies and states. Defining inequality as the social, economic and political challenges of our time, the authors examine SDG10 to look ahead at how policy action might engage multiple stakeholders, involve diverse sectors and address gaps between policy and implementation to tackle inequalities and facilitate the advancement of the SDG agenda.

Yvonne Berger untersucht in einer rekonstruktiven Studie die sozialen und räumlichen Bedingungen universitärer Bildungsverläufe im städtischen China. Dabei fokussiert sie eine bislang qualitativ-empirisch wenig beforschte Gruppe, die sogenannten Bildungsaufsteigerinnen und -aufsteiger im Kontext des chinesischen Bildungssystems. Auf der Basis narrativ-biographischer Interviews widmet sich die Autorin insbesondere den biographischen Orientierungen junger Chinesinnen und Chinesen, indem sie die Bildungsstrategien sowie Aneignungs- und Reflexionsprozesse über die Phasen und Bildungsübergänge im Lebensverlauf empirisch in den Blick nimmt.

This book explores the multiform and shifting location of borders and boundaries in social life, related to difference and belonging. It contributes to understanding categories of difference as a building block for forms of belonging and inequality in the world today and as underpinning modern capitalist societies and their forms of governance. Reflecting on the ways in which we might theorise the connections between different social divisions and identities, a translocational lens for addressing modalities of power is developed, stressing relationality, the spatio-temporal and the processual in social relations. The book is organised around contemporary dilemmas of difference and inequality, relating to fixities and fluidities in social life and to current developments in the areas of racialisation, migration, gender, sexuality and class relations, and in theorising the articulations of gender, class and ethnic hierarchies. Rejecting the view that gender, ethnicity, race, class or the more specific categories of migrants or refugees pertain to social groups with certain fixed characteristics, they are treated as interconnected and interdependent places within a landscape of inequality making. This innovative and groundbreaking book constitutes a significant contribution to scholarship on intersectionality.

Status is ubiquitous in modern life, yet our understanding of its role as a driver of inequality is limited. In Status, sociologist and social psychologist Cecilia Ridgeway examines how this ancient and universal form of inequality influences today's ostensibly meritocratic institutions and why it matters. Ridgeway illuminates the complex ways in which status affects human interactions as we work together towards common goals, such as in classroom discussions, family decisions, or workplace deliberations. Ridgeway's research on status has important implications for our understanding of social inequality. Distinct from power or wealth, status is prized because it provides affirmation from others and affords access to valuable resources. Ridgeway demonstrates how the conferral of status inevitably contributes to differing life outcomes for individuals, with impacts on pay, wealth creation, and health and wellbeing. Status beliefs are widely held views about who is better in society than others in terms of esteem, wealth, or competence. These beliefs confer advantages which can exacerbate social inequality. Ridgeway notes that status advantages based on race, gender, and class—such as the belief that white men are more competent than others—are the most likely to increase inequality by facilitating greater social and economic opportunities. Ridgeway argues that status beliefs greatly enhance higher status groups'ability to maintain their advantages in resources and access to positions of power and make lower status groups less likely to challenge the status quo. Many lower status people will accept their lower status when given a baseline level of dignity and respect—being seen, for example, as poor but hardworking. She also shows that people remain willfully blind to status beliefs and their effects because recognizing them can lead to emotional discomfort. Acknowledging the insidious role of status in our lives would require many higher-status individuals to accept that they may not have succeeded based on their own merit; many lower-status individuals would have to acknowledge that they may have been discriminated against. Ridgeway suggests that inequality need not be an inevitable consequence of our status beliefs. She shows how status beliefs can be subverted—as when we reject the idea that all racial and gender traits are fixed at birth, thus refuting the idea that women and people of color are less competent than their male and white counterparts. This important new book demonstrates the pervasive influence of status on social inequality and suggests ways to ensure that it has a less detrimental impact on our lives.

Universal basic income is a controversial policy which is causing a stir amongst academics, politicians, journalists and policy-makers all over the world. The idea of receiving ‘money for nothing', with no strings attached, has for a long time appeared a crazy or radical proposal. But today, this policy is being put into practice. With more and more trials and experiments taking place in different countries, this book provides both the theory and context for making sense of different basic income approaches, examining how the policy can be best implemented. Unlike many other texts written on this topic, the book provides a balanced account of basic income, weighing up the pros and cons from a number of different positions. The book provides a theory chapter, enabling readers to grasp some of the complex philosophical ideas and concepts which underpin universal basic income, such as social justice, equality and freedom. It also provides an examples chapter, which examines both historical and contemporary basic income studies to have taken place from around the globe. The book also features chapters on the environment and the work of women, as well as an ‘against'universal basic income chapter, which specifically draws on the criticisms of the policy. This volume is an essential resource for anyone who wishes to get to grips with universal basic income.

The impetus to write this book grew out of curiosity and frustration. For a research project in which I was involved, I wanted to select an appropriate index to measure inequality, so I searched for a book that comprehensively reviewed the available indexes, identified their operational similarities and differences, and clarified their theoretical undetpinnings. Discovering that no such book existed, I became increasingly frustrated and curious. It became evident that I would have to undertake my own systematic review of the literature, presumably in my own discipline, in order to identify the alternative measures and choose an appropriate one on the basis of proper theoretical and methodological criteria. This effort led to additional frustrating discoveries. First, I encountered a bewildering abundance of inequality indexeswell over ftfty distinguishable measures. Second, my review of the methodological literature on inequality measurement took me through the issues of literally scores of professional journals in five academic disciplines-economics, geography, political science, sociology, and statistics. Third, although I found some cross-disciplinary referencing of inequality measures, by and large each discipline's inequality measurement remained insulated from that of other disciplines.

The essays included in this volume honor a truly gifted teacher and sociologist, John C. Pock. After a brief stint at the University of Illinois, Pock moved in 1955 to Reed College, a highly regarded but very small liberal arts institution (roughly 1,000 students) located in Portland, Oregon. Pock has spent the rest of his career (to date) there. During his forty-year tenure at Reed College, the sociology department usually had only two faculty members. Even so, during this period as many as 104 students graduated with majors in sociology and 69 established professional careers as sociologists. (A listing, which is assuredly incomplete, of Reed students during Pock's tenure who went on to professional careers in sociology is presented in an appendix to this volume.) Many of these sociologists have been extremely successful and influential within the discipline. Reed sociologists have taught or are teaching at the University of California at Berkeley, the University of Chicago, Columbia, Cornell, Duke, Michigan, Northwestern, Stanford, UCLA, Wisconsin, and other leading U.S. academic departments. Others have been employed as researchers in such prominent institutions within and outside the United States as RAND, the National Academy of Sciences, the National Opinion Research Center, the East-West Center, the U.S. Census Bureau and Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Sloan Foundation, and the Australian National University.

Increasing concern has been expressed by Third World leaders and international organizations alike over the growing gap between rich and poor nations. Between 1950 and 1980 alone, the per capita income gap between low-income and industrialized countries grew from $3,677 to $9,648. In addition, within the developing nations themselves, an ever-widening gap separates the rich from the poor.Other evidence suggests that middle-income countries may be gaining on the rich countries. Some research shows that the gap in education and health is narrowing rather rapidly, and studies of domestic inequality have revealed that growth with equity has occurred in a number of developing nations that have committed themselves to such a policy.This volume presents the evidence for both sides of the debate. It begins by stating the conventional wisdom–that international and internal gaps are widening–and goes on to examine the major explanations offered, which focus on culture, urban bias, dependency, and world-system analysis. The book then presents empirical studies on the existence and causes of the gap, as well as key case studies that challenge the conventional wisdom.Unique in its objectivity, this text does not seek to serve either side of the debate, but instead draws upon the best research in the field to highlight major issues and to present studies that have subjected the differing perspectives to rigorous empirical analysis. It will prove especially useful in courses on Third World development, political economy, comparative politics, development economics, the sociology of development, and related topics.

Current understandings of ageing and diversity are impoverished in three main ways. Firstly, with regards to thinking about what inequalities operate in later life there has been an excessive preoccupation with economic resources. On the other hand, less attention has been paid to cultural norms and values, other resources, wider social processes, political participation and community engagement. Secondly, in terms of thinking about the ‘who'of inequality, this has so far been limited to a very narrow range of minority populations. Finally, when considering the ‘how'of inequality, social gerontology's theoretical analyses remain under-developed. The overall effect of these issues is that social gerontology remains deeply embedded in normative assumptions which serve to exclude a wide range of older people. Ageing, Diversity and Equality aims to challenge and provoke the above described normativity and offer an alternative approach which highlights the heterogeneity and diversity of ageing, associated inequalities and their intersections. The Open Access version of this book, available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781351851329, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 licence.

Who really benefits from urban revival? Cities, from trendy coastal areas to the nation's heartland, are seeing levels of growth beyond the wildest visions of only a few decades ago. But vast areas in the same cities house thousands of people living in poverty who see little or no new hope or opportunity. Even as cities revive, they are becoming more unequal and more segregated. What does this mean for these cities—and the people who live in them? In The Divided City, urban practitioner and scholar Alan Mallach shows us what has happened over the past 15 to 20 years in industrial cities like Pittsburgh, Detroit, Cleveland, and Baltimore, as they have undergone unprecedented, unexpected revival. He draws from his decades of experience working in America's cities, and pulls in insightful research and data, to spotlight these changes while placing them in their larger economic, social, and political context. Mallach explores the pervasive significance of race in American cities and looks closely at the successes and failures of city governments, nonprofit entities, and citizens as they have tried to address the challenges of change. The Divided City offers strategies to foster greater equality and opportunity. Mallach makes a compelling case that these strategies must be local in addition to being concrete and focusing on people's needs—education, jobs, housing and quality of life. Change, he argues, will come city by city, not through national plans or utopian schemes. This is the first book to provide a comprehensive, grounded picture of the transformation of America's older industrial cities. It is neither a dystopian narrative nor a one-sided'the cities are back'story, but a balanced picture rooted in the nitty-gritty reality of these cities. The Divided City is imperative for anyone who cares about cities and who wants to understand how to make today's urban revival work for everyone.

Inequality is one of the most burning issues of our time, affecting young people in particular. What causes inequality? And how can actors at the local level combat the causes, not only the symptoms? By seeking to answer these questions, the book will contribute to this growing and transdisciplinary subject area by using mainly qualitative research and a perspective that integrates theory in every phase of the analysis. Drawing on cultural political economy, based on critical realism, the author claims that the most important causes of inequality are the ones inherent as potentials in capitalism and the capitalist type of state. Compared with the first post-war decades, these potential causes have been actualised differently since around 1980. They are also actualised differently across Europe. The book explores these differences concerning growth models and welfare regimes. In general, societies have developed into a new condition of social inclusion, which explains why many young people have become excluded. Societal borders have arisen in the cities, separating the winners and losers of inequality. Positioning itself outside the box of what tends to be the majority of the publications in the field, the book proposes knowledge alliances between young people, policy-makers, civil society and researchers to combat the causes of inequality.

This title was first published in 2000: John Braithwaite is a distinguished criminologist with an international reputation in the study of regulation and globalization. This collection contains his most important and influential essays in criminal justice and business regulation. It has a substantial introduction explaining the thematization of his work around the design of regulatory systems to maximize freedoms as non-domination.

This book provides selections from the seminal works of Karl Marx, Max Weber, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman that reveal some of the reasons why class, race, and gender inequalities have proven very adaptive and can flourish even today in the 21st century.

The book covers the research on economic inequality, including the social construction of racial categories, the uneven and stalled gender revolution, and the role of new educational forms and institutions in generating both equality and inequality.

Conceptual analysis has fallen out of favor in political philosophy. The influence of figures like John Rawls and Ronald Dworkin has led political philosophy to focus on questions about what should be done, and to ignore questions about the usage of words. In this book, Kyle Johannsen calls for renewed attention to the manner in which the word ‘justice'is and should be used. Focusing on the late work of G.A. Cohen, Johannsen argues that debates over both the content and scope of egalitarian justice are, to a large extent, really just conceptual. Whereas some philosophers have been using the term ‘justice'to refer to one among a plurality of values, others have been using it to refer to institutional rightness. Though the latter use of ‘justice'is presently more dominant, he argues that much is to be gained from thinking of justice as one value among many. Doing so sheds light on the nature of both democracy and legitimacy, and, paradoxically, makes better sense of the idea that justice is ‘the first virtue of institutions'.

Raising to the challenge of how to grasp such forms of inequalities that are mediated affectively, Affective Inequalities in Intimate Relationships focuses on subtle inequalities that are shaped in everyday affective encounters. It also seeks to bridge a gap between affect theory and empirical social research by providing ideas and inspiration of how to work with affect in research practice. Presenting cutting-edge empirical studies on affect and intimate relationships, the collection- introduces alternative and novel ways of conceptualizing the workings of affect in intimate relationships- provides tools for tackling the subtle ways in which affectivity connects with power relations in intimate relations- develops innovative methodologies that provide better access to affect as an embodied experienceA fascinating contribution to the interdisciplinary field of affect studies, Affective Inequalities in Intimate Relationships will appeal to advanced undergraduates and postgraduates interested in fields such as gender studies, queer studies and cultural studies.

This book redirects the focus of public debate to issues of gender and racial segregation and suggests that they should be fundamental to thinking about the status of black Americans and the origins of the urban underclass. It is a starting point for students and advanced scholars of inequality.

Redistribution of the world's wealth, not only among nation. states but among cultural, class, and sexual groups, has become increasingly a major issue of concern. This book examines existing inequality in both the domestic and international arenas. Its multidisciplinary approach facilitates an understanding of the complex structure of global distr

Oriented toward the introductory student, The Inequality Reader is the essential textbook for today's undergraduate courses. The editors, David B. Grusky and Szonja Szelenyi, have assembled the most important classic and contemporary readings about how poverty and inequality are generated and how they might be reduced. With thirty new readings, the second edition provides new materials on anti-poverty policies as well as new qualitative readings that make the scholarship more alive, more accessible, and more relevant. Now more than ever, The Inequality Reader is the one-stop compendium of all the must-read pieces, simply the best available introduction to the stratifi cation canon.

Progressive theorists and activists insist that contemporary capitalism is deeply flawed from a normative point of view. However, most accept the liberal egalitarian thesis that the serious shortcomings of market societies (financial excess, inequality, and so on) could be overcome with proper political regulation. Building on Marx's legacy, Tony Smith argues in Beyond Liberal Egalitarianism that advocates of this thesis (Rawls, Habermas, Stiglitz, et al.) lack an adequate concept of capital and the state. These theorists also fail to comprehend new developments in world history ensuring that the'destructive'aspects of capitalism increasingly outweigh whatever'creative'elements it might continue to possess. Smith concludes that a normative social theory adequate to the twenty-first century must explicitly and unequivocally embrace socialism.

This book draws on a wealth of evidence including young people's own stories, to document how they are now faring in increasingly unequal societies like America, Britain, Australia, France and Spain. It points to systematic generational inequality as those born since 1980 become the first generation to have a lower standard of living than previous generations. While governments and experts typically explain this by referring to globalization, new technologies, or young people's deficits, the authors of this book offer a new political economy of generations, which identifies the central role played by governments promoting neoliberal policies that exacerbate existing social inequalities based on age, ethnicity, gender and class. The book is a must read for social science students, human service workers and policy-makers and indeed for anyone interested in understanding the impact of government policy over the last 40 years on young people.

Democracy promises rule by all, not by the few. Yet, electoral democracies limit decision-making to representatives and have always had a weakness for inequality. How might democracy serve all rather than the few? Democracy Beyond the Nation State: Practicing Equality examines communities that govern their own lives without elites or centralized structures through assemblies and consensus. Rather than claiming equality by abstract rights or citizenship, these groups put equality into practice by reducing wealth and health divides, or landlessness or homelessness, and equalizing workloads. These practices are found in rural India and Brazil, in Buenos Aires, London, and New York, and among the Iroquois, the Zapatistas, and the global networks of La Via Campesina farmers and the World Social Forum. Readable accounts of these horizontal democracies document multiple political frames that prevent democracy from being frozen into entrenched electoral systems producing modern inequalities. Using practice to rewrite political theory, Parker draws on collective politics in Spivak and Derrida and embodied relations from Povinelli and Foucault to show that equal relations are not a utopian dream, not nostalgia, and not impossible.This book provides many practical solutions to inequality. It will be useful to students and scholars of political theory and social movements and to those who are willing to work together for equality.

Wussten Sie, dass eine nachmittägliche Spritztour mit einer Wally-Superyacht auf dem Mittelmeer schon einmal 10.000 Liter Sprit verbraucht und der Umwelt mehr Schaden zufügt als ein durchschnittlicher Afrikaner in seinem ganzen Leben? Oder dass in Bishops Avenue, der zweitteuersten Straße Londons, ein Drittel der Häuser leer steht? Diese Häuser gehören reichen Ausländern, die damit zuhause Steuern sparen und zufrieden zuschauen, wie in London die Immobilienpreise durch die Decke gehen.Während die soziale Ungleichheit immer größer wird, ist der Reichtum der Reichen weltweit förmlich explodiert. Die Ursache dafür sind dysfunktionale Mechanismen des Marktes, die es den 1 Prozent Superreichen ermöglichen, durch die Kontrolle von Eigentum und Kapital jenen Wohlstand abzuschöpfen, den andere produziert haben. Andrew Sayer zeigt in seinem provokanten Buch, wie das funktioniert und warum sich eine gerechte Gesellschaft diese Art von Reichtum nicht länger leisten kann.

For over twenty-five years, Charles C. Ragin has developed Qualitative Comparative Analysis and related set-analytic techniques as a means of bridging qualitative and quantitative methods of research. Now, with Peer C. Fiss, Ragin uses these impressive new tools to unravel the varied conditions affecting life chances. Ragin and Fiss begin by taking up the controversy regarding the relative importance of test scores versus socioeconomic background on life chances, a debate that has raged since the 1994 publication of Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray's TheBell Curve. In contrast to prior work, Ragin and Fiss bring an intersectional approach to the evidence, analyzing the different ways that advantages and disadvantages combine in their impact on life chances. Moving beyond controversy and fixed policy positions, the authors propose sophisticated new methods of analysis to underscore the importance of attending to configurations of race, gender, family background, educational achievement, and related conditions when addressing social inequality in America today.

This volume sheds new light on how today's peripheries are made, lived, imagined and mobilized in a context of rapidly advancing globalization. Focusing on peripheral spaces, mobilities and aesthetics, it presents critical readings of, among others, Indian caste quarters, the Sahara, the South African backyard and European migration, as well as films, novels and artworks about marginalized communities and repressed histories. Together, these readings insist that the peripheral not only needs more visibility in political, economic and cultural terms, but is also invaluable for creating alternative perspectives on the globalizing present. Peripheral Visions combines sociological, cultural, literary and philosophical perspectives on the periphery, and highlights peripheral innovation and futurity to counter the lingering association of the peripheral with stagnation and backwardness.

Ageing, Gender and Sexuality focuses on the experiences of older lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) individuals, in order to analyse how ageing, gender and sexuality intersect to produce particular inequalities relating to resources, recognition and representation in later life. The book adopts a feminist socio-legal perspective to propose that these inequalities are informed by and play out in relation to temporal, spatial and regulatory contexts. Discussing topics such as ageing sexual subjectivities, ageing kinship formations, classed trajectories and anticipated care futures, this book provides a new perspective on older individuals in same-sex relationships, including those who choose not to label their sexualities.Drawing upon recent empirical data, the book offers new theoretical approaches for understanding the intersectionality of ageing, gender and sexuality, as well as analysing the social policy implications of these findings. With an emphasis on the accounts of individuals who have experienced the dramatically changing socio-legal landscape for LGB people first-hand, this book is essential reading for students, scholars and policymakers working in the areas of: gender and sexuality studies; ageing studies and gerontology; gender, sexuality and law; equality and human rights; sociology; socio-legal studies; and social policy.Ageing, Gender and Sexuality won the Socio-Legal Studies Association (SLSA) Hart Prize for Early Career Academics for 2017.

De nos jours, il n'y a pas plus de prise de position favorable à la traite des êtres humains à des fins d'exploitation sexuelle qu'il y a de prise de position publique pour l'esclavage. Il est également très difficile de trouver des partisanes déclarées de l'inégalité… Ce n'est pourtant pas le cas de la prostitution. Certaines personnes sont pour la prostitution. Plus nombreuses sont celles qui considèrent politiquement correct de la tolérer. La plupart présument que, même si elle n'est pas réellement souhaitable, la prostitution est nécessaire, inévitable et sans dommage. Est-ce que la décriminalisation du proxénétisme et la légalisation des maisons closes assureront une plus grande sécurité physique aux personnes prostituées? Contrairement à la Cour suprême du Canada, la juriste de réputation mondiale, Catharine A. Mac- Kinnon, répond négativement à cette question. Elle soutient que « loin de rendre la vie des prostituées plus sûre, la décriminalisation totale de la prostitution peut même la rendre encore plus dangereuse ». Pour cela, elle s'appuie sur les expériences des pays qui ont légalisé la prostitution et le proxénétisme et sur celles des pays, de plus en plus nombreux, qui décriminalisent les personnes prostituées et pénalisent les clients-prostitueurs ; la stigmatisation liée à l'activité Prostitutionnelle se retourne désormais contre ceux qui en profitent : les prostitueurs et les proxénètes.

The black-white divide has long haunted the United States as a driving force behind social inequality. Yet, the civil rights movement, the increase in immigration, and the restructuring of the economy in favor of the rich over the last several decades have begun to alter the contours of inequality. Spheres of Influence, co-authored by noted social scientists Douglas S. Massey and Stefanie Brodmann, presents a rigorous new study of the intersections of racial and class disparities today. Massey and Brodmann argue that despite the persistence of potent racial inequality, class effects are drastically transforming social stratification in America. This data-intensive volume examines the differences in access to material, symbolic, and emotional resources across major racial groups. The authors find that the effects of racial inequality are exacerbated by the class differences within racial groups. For example, when measuring family incomes solely according to race, Massey and Brodmann found that black families'average income measured $28,400, compared to Hispanic families'$35,200. But this gap was amplified significantly when class differences within each group were taken into account. With class factored in, inequality across blacks'and Hispanics'family incomes increased by a factor of almost four, with lower class black families earning an average income of only $9,300 compared to $97,000 for upper class Hispanics. Massey and Brodmann found similar interactions between class and racial effects on the distribution of symbolic resources, such as occupational status, and emotional resources, such as the presence of a biological father—across racial groups. Although there are racial differences in each group's access to these resources, like income, these disparities are even more pronounced once class is factored in. The complex interactions between race and class are apparent in other social spheres, such as health and education. In looking at health disparities across groups, Massey and Brodmann observed no single class effect on the propensity to smoke cigarettes. Among whites, cigarette smoking declined with rising class standing, whereas among Hispanics it increased as class rose. Among Asians and blacks, there was no class difference at all. Similarly, the authors found no single effect of race alone on health: Health differences between whites, Asians, Hispanics, and blacks were small and non-significant in the upper class, but among those in the lower class, intergroup differences were pronounced. As Massey and Brodmann show, in the United States, a growing kaleidoscope of race-class interactions has replaced pure racial and class disadvantages. By advancing an ecological model of human development that considers the dynamics of race and class across multiple social spheres, Spheres of Influence sheds important light on the factors that are currently driving inequality today.

Dans la plupart des démocraties avancées, les inégalités ont augmenté depuis le milieu des années 1980. Le ­Québec a en partie résisté à cette tendance, mais la pression demeure forte. Nos sociétés, en effet, tolèrent de plus en plus l'existence d'inégalités. Cette évolution est-elle inéluctable? Devrait-on au contraire favoriser davantage l'égalité? Miser sur l'égalité, c'est offrir à tous les mêmes possibilités de jouir de la vie et de contribuer à la société, et poser les bases d'une démocratie saine. Cet ouvrage présente des arguments étoffés en faveur d'une société juste et équilibrée, où ensemble les citoyens choisissent de miser sur l'égalité. Avec des textes de : Christopher P. Barrington-Leigh Axel van den Berg Bea Cantillon Jean-Michel Cousineau Julien Damon Miriam Fahmy Jane Jenson Vivian Labrie Pierre Lapointe Éloi Laurent Henry Milner Christian Nadeau Alain Noël Stéphane Paquin Hicham Raïq Marie-France Raynault Michel Venne Nicolas Zorn

'Deutschland ist kein Einwanderungsland'- diesem Dogma folgte die Aus­ länder- und Asylpolitik der konservativ-liberalen Bundesregierungen seit 1982. Ausländer- und asylrechtliche Verordnungen, Gesetzes- oder Verfas­ sungsänderungen durften auf keinen Fall dazu beitragen, dass die Jahrzehnte alte Tatsache der längst nach Millionen zählenden Einwanderung akzeptiert, legitimiert oder gar juristisch kodifiziert wurde. Die politische Absurdität der Lebenslüge eines an völkischen Homoge­ nitätsmythen orientierten Nationalstaates wurde immer wieder kritisiert. Kirchen, Gewerkschaften, Parteien, Wohlfahrtsverbände, Flüchtlings- und Menschenrechtsinitiativen, UN-Organisationen und Wissenschaftler/innen wiesen darauf hin, dass die Leugnung des Fakts der Einwanderung in das Bundesgebiet nicht nur jedes Realitätssinns entbehrt, sondern darüber hinaus Migrant(inn)en auf unabsehbare Zeit als Randständige stigmatisiert. Die nötige Integration von Menschen, die hier zum Teil bereits in der dritten Generation leben, ist nicht oder nur in einem unzureichenden Maße möglich, solange die Bundesrepublik das Land der verleugneten Einwanderung bleibt. Nach dem Regierungswechsel 1998 ist die Debatte über Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Zuwanderung voll entbrannt. Den entscheidenden Anstoß dafiir gab die Feststellung, dass'die Deutschen'längerfristig wenn nicht aussterben, so doch als Volk zunehmend'vergreisen'und dass'unserer'Wirtschaft schon heute Fachkräfte fehlen. Nach einer entsprechenden An­ kündigung von Bundeskanzler Gerhard Schröder auf der Computermesse CeBIT und einer Diskussion über Vor-und Nachteile seiner Initiative trat am 1. August 2000 die Green-Card-Verordnung in Kraft, wonach zunächst 10.000 ausländische IT-Spezialist(inn)en eine befristeteArbeitsgenehmigung und Aufenthaltserlaubnis bekommen sollen.

Das Buch untersucht die Entwicklungschancen und -grenzen für nationales und internationales Fernsehen in Europa unter medienpolitischen, ökonomischen und publizistischen Gesichtspunkten. Die Autorin analysiert die einzelnen Fernsehprogrammsparten (Unterhaltung, Sport, Information und Kultur) und ihre Programmanbieter auf die Entwicklungsfähigkeit im europäischen Fernsehmarkt hin. Sie weist nach, daß Fernsehen in Europa eher durch Tendenzen der Kommerzialisierung, Nutzungsindividualisierung, durch kulturelle Differenzierungen und Programmsegmentierung geprägt ist als durch Integration in europäischer Dimension.

Society consists of sharply divided people with different lives and distinct identities. Written by leading sociologists, the new edition covers a range of social inequalities, with new chapters on work, social identity and global social divisions. It continues to be an invaluable, up-to-date introduction for social science students.

Der Arbeitsbereich DDR-Forschung und -Archiv unseres Zentralinstituts freut sich, ein knappes Jahr nach Er­ scheinen des ersten Bandes dieser systematischen Bibliographie, in dem Veröffentlichungen zur Geschichte, zum politischen System der DDR, zum Verhältnis der DDR zu den nichtkommunistischen Ländern und zur deut­ schen Frage nachgewiesen wurden, nunmehr den zweiten vorlegen zu können. Er enthält Monographien, Auf­ sätze aus Sammelbänden und aus Wissenschaftlichen Zeitschriften der Universitäten und Hochschulen zur wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung der SBZlDDR sowie Veröffentlichungen zu Aufgabe und Inhalt der marxistisch-le­ ninistischen Wirtschaftswissenschaften. - Die Erfahrungen, die die Bearbeiter mit dem ersten Band gemacht haben, sind dem jetzt vorgelegten zugute gekommen: Die zeitliche Verkürzung der Satzarbeiten wurde genutzt, um in die Bibliographie Veröffentlichungen bis in das Jahr 1986 hinein aufzunehmen. Weiter konnten kleinere Verbesserungen bei der Präsentation des Materials (z. B. Beginn der ersten Kolumne jeder Seite mit dem Auto­ rennamen auch dann, wenn dieser bereits auf der voraufgegangenen Seite mit Arbeiten genannt wird) vorge­ nommen sowie beispielsweise die Benutzerhinweise leserfreundlicher gestaltet werden. Über die Konzeption der Bibliographie, ihre Ein-bzw. Zuordnung zu anderen bibliographischen Nachschla­ gewerken, die sich mit der DDR-Entwicklung, den Beziehungen zwischen beiden deutschen Staaten usw. be­ fassen, über das'Profil'der Sammlungen, die dieser Bibliographie zugrunde liegen, ist bereits ausführlich im Vorwort zum ersten Band berichtet worden. Da diese Aussagen unverändert gelten, sollen sie an dieser Stelle nicht wiederholt werden. Es mag jedoch sinnvoll sein, einen Aspekt nochmals ausdrücklichhervorzuheben.

The belief in equality as the basis of a just society is fundamental to the dominant western, liberal viewpoint. Yet, the standard individualist justification for it is weak and contradictory. This book provides a radically new communitarian account of the value of equality and establishes it's proper limits.