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In Confidence Culture, Shani Orgad and Rosalind Gill argue that imperatives directed at women to “love your body” and “believe in yourself” imply that psychological blocks rather than entrenched social injustices hold women back. Interrogating the prominence of confidence in contemporary discourse about body image, workplace, relationships, motherhood, and international development, Orgad and Gill draw on Foucault's notion of technologies of self to demonstrate how “confidence culture” demands of women near-constant introspection and vigilance in the service of self-improvement. They argue that while confidence messaging may feel good, it does not address structural and systemic oppression. Rather, confidence culture suggests that women—along with people of color, the disabled, and other marginalized groups—are responsible for their own conditions. Rejecting confidence culture's remaking of feminism along individualistic and neoliberal lines, Orgad and Gill explore alternative articulations of feminism that go beyond the confidence imperative.

Branko Woischwill entwickelt ein von wechselseitigen Austauschprozessen geprägtes praxisrelevantes Konzept, das eine neue Theorie der Vertrauenskommunikation im Taxifahreralltag darstellt. Durch eine empirische Untersuchung in Deutschland und den USA belegt der Autor, dass Taxifahrer durch einen Interaktionsprozess (hauptsächlich verbal) mit den Fahrgästen deren Vertrauenswürdigkeit verlässlich beurteilen können. Gleichzeitig besteht hierbei die Chance, positiv auf das Entstehen von Vertrauen einzuwirken. Der Autor zeigt, wie wichtig eine professionelle Auseinandersetzung mit dem zentralen Faktor Dienstleistungskommunikation innerhalb der thematisierten Vertrauensproblematik ist.

Dieses Buch befasst sich mit der Frage, inwieweit die übliche Dualität von Vertrauen und Misstrauen im Hinblick auf die Komplexitätsreduktion in Unternehmen greift. Die Autorin zeigt, dass sich die (Bertriebs-)Realität durch die Begriffe Vertrauen und Misstrauen alleine nicht treffend abbilden und beschreiben lässt. In vielen Situationen ist vielmehr eine Art Nicht-Vertrauen und zugleich Nicht-Misstrauen zu identifizieren. Mindestens ein weiteres handlungsstabilisierendes Phänomen ist somit für das organisationale Geschehen von Bedeutung.

Even though several branches of philosophy meet in the notion of trust, it has nevertheless been largely neglected by mainstream philosophy. Arguably, most existing analyses fail to give a just account of the reality of human experience. The author believes that this is not a coincidence but symptomatic of the irrelevance of received ideas of rationality for crucial areas of human agency. `Individualist'approaches, he argues, can be accused precisely of ignoring fundamental questions about the nature of the individual. Expanding on the works of Wittgenstein, Winch, and others, in Trust: The Tacit Demand the author demonstrates the conceptual significance of our dependence on others. The discussion stretches over philosophical psychology, epistemology, political philosophy and moral philosophy. The book may be of interest to anyone in philosophy, psychology or the social sciences.

Trust, as Simmel noted, is a hypothesis regarding future behavior that is certain enough to serve as a basis for practical conduct. To trust another person (or collectivity or institution) is intermediate between knowledge and ignorance. Simmel was one of many social scientists (e.g., Tonnies, Durkheim, Parsons) who have contended that trust is one of the most important integrative forces within society. Modernization and its attendant social isolation, in the face of massive global changes, underscore the need to reexamine trust in all its multivariate and multidisciplinary character. This anthology presents twelve studies of trust. Some are conceptual, theoretical analyses, while others use historical data on societies, national surveys or cross-national comparative studies to test hypotheses.

A philosophical investigation into the connections between trust and violenceThe limiting of violence through state powers is one of the central projects of the modern age. Why then have recent centuries been so bloody? In Trust and Violence, acclaimed German intellectual and public figure Jan Philipp Reemtsma demonstrates that the aim of decreasing and deterring violence has gone hand in hand with the misleading idea that violence is abnormal and beyond comprehension. We would be far better off, Reemtsma argues, if we acknowledged the disturbing fact that violence is normal. At the same time, Reemtsma contends that violence cannot be fully understood without delving into the concept of trust. Not in violence, but in trust, rests the foundation of true power.Reemtsma makes his case with a wide-ranging history of ideas about violence, from ancient philosophy through Shakespeare and Schiller to Michel Foucault, and by considering specific cases of extreme violence from medieval torture to the Holocaust and beyond. In the midst of this gloomy account of human tendencies, Reemtsma shrewdly observes that even dictators have to sleep at night and cannot rely on violence alone to ensure their safety. These authoritarian leaders must trust others while, by means other than violence, they must convince others to trust them. The history of violence is therefore a history of the peculiar relationship between violence and trust, and a recognition of trust's crucial place in humanity.A broad and insightful book that touches on philosophy, sociology, and political theory, Trust and Violence sheds new, and at times disquieting, light on two integral aspects of our society.

On the part of the patient, healthcare demands unconditional trust in the professional. But what is the nature of this trust, and to what extent is it justified? How significant is the fallout when it is abused?Incorporating sociological, psychological and philosophical approaches, this book examines notions of trust in the self, others and systems inthe field of healthcare. The text explores:- Rational and emotional aspects of trust power balances between the patient and healthcare professional- Historical crises of trust in healthcare, considering the impacts and- The lessons learned means of strengthening public trust in the healthcare system and its workforce- Distinctive in its breadth and coverage, Examining Trust in Healthcare- Provides a multidisciplinary perspective of a key element of patient care. This makes the book fundamental reading for students, academics and professionals across all branches of healthcare, as well as an important resource for those with professional and academic interests in the psychology and sociology of health.

Social capital has taken the social sciences by storm yet remains fraught with controversy. Despite its complexity and conceptual difficulties, the persistent interest in social capital arises from the fact that it helps us make sense of why people do what they do. This book showcases new innovative research in economics, politics, sociology, and management regarding the topic. Leading scholars from a variety of disciplines present ground-breaking new research exploring the still-undiscovered value of social capital. The book employs a self-consciously multi-disciplinary approach to address two objectives: reaching out and reaching in. Through theoretical and empirical scholarship, the authors explore the many contexts in which the phenomenon can have impact. In effect, social capital research reaches out to issues of economic well-being, civic participation, educational achievement, knowledge and norm formation, and competitive advantage. Further, the authors investigate the many connections between the core themes of social capital and the pillars on which it rests, including structural networks, cognition, relationships and trust. This book is fundamentally about bridging - bridging across disciplines, units of analysis, and themes.Scholars, students, and other interested readers from the social sciences and management will find this book challenging and illuminating.

There is one thing that moves online consumers to click'add to cart,'that allows sellers to accept certain forms of online payment, and that makes online product reviews meaningful: trust. Without trust, online interactions can't advance. But how is trust among strangers established on the Internet? What role does reputation play in the formation of online trust? In eTrust, editors Karen Cook, Chris Snijders, Vincent Buskens, and Coye Cheshire explore the unmapped territory where trust, reputation, and online relationships intersect, with major implications for online commerce and social networking. eTrust uses experimental studies and field research to examine how trust in anonymous online exchanges can create or diminish cooperation between people. The first part of the volume looks at how feedback affects online auctions using trust experiments. Gary Bolton and Axel Ockenfels find that the availability of feedback leads to more trust among one-time buyers, while Davide Barrera and Vincent Buskens demonstrate that, in investment transactions, the buyer's own experience guides decision making about future transactions with sellers. The field studies in Part II of the book examine the degree to which reputation facilitates trust in online exchanges. Andreas Diekmann, Ben Jann, and David Wyder identify a'reputation premium'in mobile phone auctions, which not only drives future transactions between buyers and sellers but also payment modes and starting bids. Chris Snijders and Jeroen Weesie shift focus to the market for online programmers, where tough competition among programmers allows buyers to shop around. The book's third section reveals how the quality and quantity of available information influences actual marketplace participants. Sonja Utz finds that even when unforeseen accidents hinder transactions—lost packages, computer crashes—the seller is still less likely to overcome repercussions from the negative feedback of dissatisfied buyers. So much of our lives are becoming enmeshed with the Internet, where ordinary social cues and reputational networks that support trust in the real world simply don't apply. eTrust breaks new ground by articulating the conditions under which trust can evolve and grow online, providing both theoretical and practical insights for anyone interested in how online relationships influence our decisions. A Volume in the Russell Sage Foundation Series on Trust

Employing a range of empirical and theoretical approaches, contributors to this volume examine the nature and function of trust from within the framework of social capital theory. The empirically oriented chapters focus on post-Communist countries, including Serbia and Montenegro, Romania and, especially, the Czech Republic. Indeed, the collection contains an entire section devoted to analyzing trust and transition in the wake of the “velvet revolution.” The theoretical chapters engage the work of Tocqueville, Putnam, and Uslaner, among others, as they seek to clarify and rethink what in fact trust is, where trust originates, the causal relevance of trust for successful marketization and democratization, and the extent to which existing conceptions of social capital can be adequately deployed in diverse contexts. With contributions from noted American and Central European political scientists, sociologists, and philosophers, this book presents an illuminating set of contemporary perspectives on the complex role of trust in times of transition.

What makes trust such a powerful concept? Is it merely that in trust the whole range of social forces that we know play together? Or is it that trust involves a peculiar element beyond those we can account for? While trust is an attractive and evocative concept that has gained increasing popularity across the social sciences, it remains elusive, its many facets and applications obscuring a clear overall vision of its essence. In this book, Guido Mollering reviews a broad range of trust research and extracts three main perspectives adopted in the literature for understanding trust. Accordingly, trust is presented as a matter of reason, routine or reflexivity. While all these perspectives contribute something to our understanding of trust, Mollering shows that they imply, but cannot explain, suspension the leap of faith that is typical of trust. He, therefore, proposes a new direction in trust research that builds on existing perspectives but places the suspension of uncertainty and vulnerability at the heart of the concept of trust. Beyond a purely theoretical line of argument, the author discusses implications for empirical studies of trust and presents original case material that captures the experience of trust in terms of reason, routine, reflexivity and suspension. Mollering concludes by suggesting how the new approach can enhance the relevance of trust research and its contributions to broader research agendas concerning the constitution of positive expectations in the face of prevalent uncertainty and change at various levels in our economies and societies. The book is essential reading for anyone who wants to gain a thorough understanding of trust. It can serve as a general introduction for advanced students and scholars in the social sciences, especially in economics, sociology, psychology and management. For more experienced researchers, it is a challenging and provocative critique of the field and a new approach to understanding trust. It provides a detailed examination of trust as a social concept; argues that trust can be a matter of reason, routine, or reflexivity; and discusses theoretical aspects of trust but addresses practical applications as well.

Surveillance, privacy and public trust form a burgeoning presence within debates surrounding technological developments, particularly in the current'war on terror'environment. Many issues are invoked in monitoring everyday activities of the population. This is a timely and detailed study of CCTV.

The themes'trust','risk'and'uncertainty'seem especially pertinent in the context of the post-9/11 world. This book brings together a range of new research with a focus on the'risk society'debate and on the themes of'trust','uncertainty'and'ambivalence'. Where much of the work within these crucial debates in the social sciences has been theory-based and theory-driven, Trust, Risk and Uncertainty combines theoretical sophistication with empirical analysis and research in the fields of philosophy, education, social policy, government, health and social care, sociology, and media and cultural studies.

This is one of the first systematic discussions of the nature of trust as a means of social cohesion, discussing the works of leading social theorists on the issue of social solidarity.

Why do constituents sometimes defer to their representative's judgment, rewarding her for acting as she thinks best, even when she ignores their demands? By making decisions about trust, constituents determine whether their representative is rewarded for implementing their demands or for using her judgment. These decisions shape legislator behavior and, through behavior, policy outcomes. Therefore, any attempt to explain or evaluate representative institutions such as the modern Congress requires an answer to a simple question: When do constituents trust their representative, and what is the basis of that trust? This book is the first systematic analysis of constituent trust. It assumes that elected officials and ordinary citizens are rational actors. However, the book moves beyond the standard rational choice framework in three ways. It avoids narrow, unrealistic assumptions about motivations and information. It shows that many kinds of behavior not usually thought of as rational choices, such as a voter's desire to be represented by'someone like them,'are the product of a systematic, predictable calculus---a calculus aimed at securing favorable policy outcomes. Finally, the book uses interviews with ninety-three members of the U.S. House of Representatives to test its predictions about trust.