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This book discusses AI's applications in sustainability, exploring its potential in sectors such as energy, healthcare, agriculture, transportation, and waste management. Discusses applications and innovations in Green Initiatives such as energy, finance, and drug discovery. Highlights the ethical challenges and benefits of integrating AI into sustainability initiatives

Dieses Buch ist speziell für Forscher sowie Lehrende konzipiert, die einen Fortgeschrittenen-Fertigungs-Kurs in ihren Klassen unterrichten oder einführen. Es präsentiert den aktuellen Forschungsstand in diesem Forschungsbereich und die bisher identifizierten Hauptprobleme für die Integration der additiven Fertigung in chemische Prozesse. Die einzigartige Fähigkeit, Materialien mithilfe aufkommender additiver Fertigungstechnologien in funktionale Bauteile mit spezifischer Geometrie zu verwandeln, hat in Biologie, Ingenieurwissenschaften und Materialwissenschaften erhebliches Interesse geweckt, um maßgeschneiderte Designs für spezifische Anwendungen zu erstellen. Die Anwendungen dieses aufstrebenden Fertigungsverfahren im Bereich der chemischen Wissenschaften und des Ingenieurwesens sind im Anfangssdtadium. Daher liegt der Hauptfokus dieses Buches darauf, die grundlegenden Prinzipien der additiven Fertigungsverfahren sowie den Einsatz in konventionelle chemische Prozesse und verschiedeneVerfahrenstechniken einzuführen. Der potenzielle Vorteil der Anwendung dieser additiven Fertigungstechnologien besteht darin, großtechnisch chemische Prozesse herunterzuskalieren, was mehrere Vorteile bietet, darunter eine geringere Flächenbedarf, Abfallreduktion, effiziente Wärmeintegration und dezentrale chemische Fertigung. Was ist Additive Fertigung? Additive Fertigung (engl.: additive manufacturing, AM) – weitgehend auch als 3D-Druck bezeichnet – ist ein aufstrebendes und innovatives Fertigungsverfahren, das sich grundlegend von konventionellen Herstellungsprozessen unterscheidet und der Forschung und Industrie zu völlig neuen Möglichkeiten verhilft. Bauteile werden Schicht für Schicht aufgebaut und entstehen nicht wie bei herkömmlichen Verfahren durch Abtrag von Material (zum Beispiel durch fräsende Bearbeitung). Dadurch ergibt sich eine enorme Flexibilität und Designfreiheit beispielsweise bei der Herstellung von Prototypen und auch zunehmend in der Serienfertigung. Die Zukunft der additiven Fertigung Die additive Fertigung zählt zu den starken Wachstumsfeldern innerhalb der Produktion. Führende Marktberichte sagen ein durchschnittliches jährliches Wachstum von ca. 20 Prozent für die nächsten fünf Jahre voraus. Das Fraunhofer IGCV geht dabei davon aus, dass dieses Branchenwachstum der additiven Fertigung nicht nur in einem spezifischen Industriezweig zu beobachten sein wird. Vielmehr ist davon auszugehen, dass in allen Industriezweigen der Einsatz additiver Fertigungsverfahren zunehmen wird. Im Jahr 2022 wurden zur Zukunft der additiven Fertigung zwei Studien (An Additive Manufacturing Breakthrough & The Futures of Metal Additive Manufacturing 2030) veröffentlicht, bei denen das Fraunhofer IGCV Zuarbeiten geleistet hat. Die additive Fertigung zählt zu den starken Wachstumsfeldern innerhalb der Produktion. Führende Marktberichte sagen ein durchschnittliches jährliches Wachstum von ca. 20 Prozent für die nächsten fünf Jahre voraus. Das Fraunhofer IGCV geht dabei davon aus, dass dieses Branchenwachstum der additiven Fertigung nicht nur in einem spezifischen Industriezweig zu beobachten sein wird. Vielmehr ist davon auszugehen, dass in allen Industriezweigen der Einsatz additiver Fertigungsverfahren zunehmen wird. Im Jahr 2022 wurden zur Zukunft der additiven Fertigung zwei Studien (An Additive Manufacturing Breakthrough & The Futures of Metal Additive Manufacturing 2030) veröffentlicht, bei denen das Fraunhofer IGCV Zuarbeiten geleistet hat.

This book examines biomass mixture modeling and optimization. The book discusses anaerobic digestion and related fermentative processes and explains their compositional dynamics. Early chapter examine macromolecules, elemental fractions, and their direct influence on methane production. Supported by an extensive data bank of substrates obtained from research, the book points out correlations that enable the estimation of global methane production for diverse biomass mixtures. Furthermore, it provides valuable insights into discerning the optimal composition capable of yielding the utmost methane output.The book integrates cutting-edge machine learning techniques and shows how the programming language Python and Julia can be used for analysis and to optimize processes. It has many graphs, figures, and visuals.

Der hier vorliegende dritte Band des dreiteiligen Standardwerks zur Energiegewinnung aus Biomasse widmet sich der bio-chemischen und der physikalisch-chemischen Konversion biogener Ausgangsstoffe.Damit beinhaltet dieser Band Grundlagen zur stofflichen Klassifizierung von Biomasse (einschließlich funktionaler Gruppen), die Behandlung und den Aufschluss sowie Verfahren zur Umwandlung in flüssige bzw. gasförmige Energieträger und Basischemikalien; dabei liegt der Schwerpunkt der Darstellungen auf der Ethanolerzeugung, der Biogasgewinnung und der Pflanzenölherstellung und -weiterverarbeitung, da dies die Optionen sind, die global die größte Marktbedeutung haben.Ressourcen und Bereitstellung sowie die Prozesse der thermo-chemischen Konversion werden im Band 1 und Band 2 der Reihe „Energie aus Biomasse“ beschrieben.Die drei Bücher dieser Reihe bieten einen umfassenden Überblick der biologischen, physikalischen und chemischen sowie technischen Grundlagen einer Energiegewinnung aus Biomasse. Auch stellen sie den aktuellen Stand der jeweiligen Anlagentechnik bzw. der entsprechenden Konversionsverfahren dar. Den Herausgebern ist es gelungen, unter Mitarbeit einer Vielzahl kompetenter Fachleute aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum ein umfassendes Werk mit allen wesentlichen Möglichkeiten einer Energiegewinnung aus organischen Stoffen zu erarbeiten.

This informative book offers a comprehensive exploration of critical reservoir parameters, including quantification techniques and interpretations for evaluating these reservoirs. Readers will also gain insight into the fundamental principles of simulating gas production from coal and shale reservoirs, as well as the key input parameters for building the best-fit reservoir model. Additionally, the book explores various aspects of storing captured CO2 in these reservoirs and their potential role in preventing global temperature increases beyond pre-industrial levels.Energy from conventional petroleum reservoirs and coal has been the backbone of global energy needs for a long time. However, depletion of these fossil fuel reserves, as well as their contribution to rising greenhouse emissions, has prompted a shift to renewable energy sources. Natural gas found in unconventional coal and shale reservoirs is increasingly seen as a greener energy option, emitting approximately 45% less CO2 than conventional sources. Furthermore, due to their vast availability and capacity to sequester atmospheric CO2, unconventional coal and shale reservoirs can facilitate the transition to renewable energy resources.With a focus on achieving temperature stabilization at 1.5°C, this book offers a valuable resource for those interested in renewable energy and mitigating climate change.

This book provides a comprehensive exploration of nanomaterials, offering insights into their diverse morphologies and applications. Chapters delve into the industrial potential of nanocellulose-based aerogels, the future of light-driven and UV-photodetector materials, and the use of functionalized nanomaterials for wastewater restoration. It explores the pivotal role of nanobiotechnology in water purification and introduces nanopharmaceuticals as a promising frontier in clinical medicine. The book addresses safety concerns related to occupational exposure to nanomaterials, highlighting hazards and toxicity. Additionally, it discusses the environmental effects of nanotechnology innovation. This multifaceted approach caters to professionals, researchers, and enthusiasts navigating the evolving landscape of nanomaterials.

Anaerobic digestion is a core technology for sustainable waste(water) management and renewable energy recovery from waste sources. This book introduces and brings readers up to date with anaerobic digestion and its applications. It refreshes readers on the fundamentals of anaerobic digestion processes for normal and stressed scenarios, introduces techniques for stable system operation and predication, and explains the innovation in technology applications for waste valorization. By providing scientific and engineering fundamentals, the book equips professionals with the knowledge of knowing why and how to solve the problems in the application of anaerobic digestion.

This proceedings book contains the full papers of the 10th edition of the International Conference on Energy and Environment Research, ICEER 2023, that took place in Madrid, Spain during October 7–9, 2023. ICEER 2023 is a joint organization of the School of Engineering (ISEP) of the Polytechnic of Porto (P.Porto) and the SCIEI, with collaboration of the Dipartimento di Ingegneria of the Università degli studi'Roma Tre', CIETI and LEPABE research groups. This book includes all the well prepared full papers presented at ICEER 2023.

This textbook is designed for a one-semester course on Food Engineering, and it offers a concise, in-depth and integrated introduction to the fundamental engineering and physicochemical principles and practices of utility in food processing and manufacturing operations. The textbook includes topics mandated by the Institute of Food Technologists for accreditation of Food Science curricula and helps prepare the students better for taking advance courses related to unit operations in food manufacturing. It is also relevant for Food Process Engineering courses, containing materials that most instructors can cover in three semester hours of instruction. In the first three chapters, readers will find an overview of the basic knowledge of physics and chemistry and an introduction to the engineering language needed to eliminate confusion going forward. In the following chapters, the author covers the main concepts of food thermodynamics, heat transfer–radiation in foodmaterials, mass transfer and fluid dynamics in food, along with real-life examples and exercises to help students relate better to the topics. The author also gives a brief introduction to the main mathematical and analytical concepts required in food engineering.This textbook equips readers to understand a diversity of food engineering related topics and each chapter is enriched with practical examples and Check Your Understanding sections, as well as several problems. The textbook is aimed at undergraduate food science students in their first required introductory food engineering course, but practitioners involved in designing, optimizing, and managing the processing of food products will also find it a useful account.

Introduction to Chemical Engineering An accessible introduction to chemical engineering for specialists in adjacent fields Chemical engineering plays a vital role in numerous industries, including chemical manufacturing, oil and gas refining and processing, food processing, biofuels, pharmaceutical manufacturing, plastics production and use, and new energy recovery and generation technologies. Many people working in these fields, however, are nonspecialists: management, other kinds of engineers (mechanical, civil, electrical, software, computer, safety, etc.), and scientists of all varieties. Introduction to Chemical Engineering is an ideal resource for those looking to fill the gaps in their education so that they can fully engage with matters relating to chemical engineering. Based on an introductory course designed to assist chemists becoming familiar with aspects of chemical plants, this book examines the fundamentals of chemical processing. The book specifically focuses on transport phenomena, mixing and stirring, chemical reactors, and separation processes. Readers will also find: A hands-on approach to the material with many practical examples Calculus is the only type of advanced mathematics used A wide range of unit operations including distillation, liquid extraction, absorption of gases, membrane separation, crystallization, liquid/solid separation, drying, and gas/solid separation Introduction to Chemical Engineering is a great help for chemists, biologists, physicists, and non-chemical engineers looking to round out their education for the workplace.

Aimed at students and professionals, this book provides an overview of the science and technology of the downstream sector of the oil and gas industry. Topics include the refining of crude oil and other feedstocks – including renewables – into fuels and lubricants. They also describe the conversion of simple chemicals into solvents, polymers, fibers, rubbers, coatings, and myriad other products, including pharmaceuticals.In addition to drawing on the authors'previous books, it includes teaching material from several courses. These include workshops provided for top refining companies and a highly rated course taught at the Florida A&M University/Florida State University (USA).

This book gives an overview of the latest technologies in the conversion of wastes products to biofuel or chemicals which are more eco-friendly and sustainable as compared to the ordinary petroleum derivatives. It describes a variety of technology such as combustion, gasification, paralysis, anaerobic digestion, and fermentation, which are used in the processing of solid/liquid waste produced by the different residential and industrial sectors into more economically useful by-products. The content of this book resonates with researchers, industrial practitioners, and government policymakers who are looking into developing more sustainable practices in dealing with waste products and looking into waste to energy technologies.

This book mainly focuses on the recent trends and sustainability challenges in the valorization of agro-wastes, emphasizing the role of microbial biotechnology. Processing of various kinds of agro-wastes such as lignocellulosic materials, food industry wastes, dairy wastes, etc., into several bioactive compounds, enzymes, biofuels, biogas, biofertilizers, nutraceuticals, nanoparticles, etc., will be discussed elaborately in more detail. This book investigates the theoretical and practical aspects of modern research regarding the valorization of agro-wastes through microbial technology. Moreover, the role of valorization research in circular bio-economy will also be addressed in this book.

This book discusses the recent advancements in chemical engineering and their role in achieving the United Nations'2030 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Addressing these goals involves tackling intricate and interdisciplinary challenges.Chemical engineers have been diligently addressing a diverse array of issues across academia, society, and industry, with the aim of positively impacting these goals.The book offers essential insights and detailed analyses for each SDG. It explores the challenges encountered within various applications and proposes solutions based on foundational engineering principles. The book's content is tailored to professionals, students, and researchers across diverse fields, including engineering, environmental science, and biotechnology.

This book delves into the realm of Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) by showcasing the practical application of multiple-reaction stoichiometry. The authors critically assess various approaches commonly taught in undergraduate CRE courses to establish the relationships between changes in chemical species. In doing so, they propose an innovative conceptual alternative that is specifically tailored for undergraduate lectures. The book carefully selects composition measures that effectively harness the power of stoichiometric relationships in elementary reacting systems and models, which are typically covered in these courses. Going beyond the basics, it also offers a profound discussion on the value of chemical stoichiometry for tackling more intricate reaction systems and detailed models. Moreover, the book presents a simplified procedure that minimizes the reliance on complex linear algebra techniques, making the book accessible to a wider range of readers.

This book offers selected papers presented at the 3rd International Conference on Industrial Applications of Adhesives, held in Cascais, Portugal, March 7-8, 2024. The goal of the conference was to provide a unique opportunity to exchange information, present the latest results as well as to discuss issues relevant to industrial applications of adhesives. Special contributions on formulation of adhesives, pressure sensitive adhesives, adhesive properties, design of adhesive joints, and durability of adhesive joints have been selected for this volume. This work will appeal to a wide readership, from practitioners through graduate students to researchers working in this field.

This book presents the recent research on sulfur-containing heterocyclic scaffolds that are crucial for biological processes. The numerous synthetic techniques utilized for the design and synthesis of different sized S-heterocycles, particularly biologically active frameworks with their pharmacological significance, are discussed in this book. This book is a useful reference for students, researchers and professionals working in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries.

This book presents short papers of participants of the 9th International Scientific Conference-School for Young Scientists «Physical and Mathematical Modeling of Earth and Environment Processes. A special focus is given to the extraction of hydrocarbon resources, including from unconventional sources. An alternative to the use of hydrocarbons as a main source of energy on the Planet in the coming decades is unlikely to be found. At the same time, the resource base of hydrocarbons is quickly depleted, in particularly, large and accessible oil and gas fields. The shale oil and gas, Arctic hydrocarbon stocks, gas hydrates, coal bed methane, oil and gas from deep horizons can become new sources.'Deep oil'may be the most promising source of expanding the resource base of hydrocarbons according to many experts. New technologies are required to their development. Efficient low-cost technologies can be created on the basis of geomechanical approach, i.e., through the use of a huge elastic energy stored in the rock massif due to rock pressure. The creation of new breakthrough approaches to the development of hydrocarbon fields is very important in today's geopolitical conditions and requires the involvement of young minds and strength. International activities, including the youth scientific schools, can become an effective tool for exchange of information and the organizing of interdisciplinary research of processes in geo-environment. The book presents the new results of the experimental and theoretical modeling of deformation, fracture, and filtration processes in the rocks in connection to issues of creating scientific fundamentals for new hydrocarbon production technologies. The investigations of the dependence of well stability and permeability of rocks on the stress-strain state in conditions of deep horizons and high rock pressure are also represented.

The range of problems that can be solved with the use of powerful radiation installations is determined: generation of nanosecond ultrahigh-frequency (microwave) pulses, collective acceleration of charged particles, the implementation of a controlled fusion reaction, and the creation of high-power lasers. In this edition, the questions posed for the SCM were solved using the example of single crystals of magnesium oxide. By the beginning of the authors'work, the structure of the color centers induced by radiation in magnesium oxide, the positions of the maxima of the optical absorption and luminescence bands, as well as the values of their half-widths and the temperature range of stability, were sufficiently established. There is practically no information about the location of internode ions in magnesium oxide crystals, and methods for their registration have not been worked out. These data are particularly important since the efficiency of the accumulation of radiation defects depends to a certain extent on the efficiency of fixing displaced of in the crystal lattice. However, all studies confirming this point of view were carried out using low and medium levels of arousal. The effect of high absorbed radiation energy capacities on the formation and accumulation of radiation defects in magnesium oxide crystals has not been practically studied.

This book is a compilation of selected papers from the Fifth International Technical Symposium on Deepwater Oil and Gas Engineering and the Fourth International Youth Forum on Gas Hydrate (DWOG-Hyd 2023), held in Qingdao, China, in October 2023. The book focuses on the advancement of techniques for the deepwater oil and gas exploitation and natural gas hydrate exploitation. The book introduces new ideas for exploring deepwater oil, gas and hydrate in a safe and efficient way. Advances of the deepwater oil, gas and hydrate drilling and production in South China Sea, in oil and gas flow assurance and emerging technologies based on clathrate hydrate will be presented. It is a valuable resource for both practitioners and academics working in the field of deepwater oil and gas engineering.

The book describes the clean coal technology of chemical looping combustion (CLC) for power generation with pure CO2 capture. The focus of the book is on the modeling and simulation of CLC. It includes fundamental concepts behind CLC and considers all categories of fluidized beds and reactors, including a variety of oxygen carriers. The book includes process simulations with Aspen Plus® software using coal, natural gas, and biomass and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using both the Eulerian and Lagrangian methods. It describes various drag models, turbulence models, and kinetics models required for CFD simulations of CLC and covers single reactor, partial, and full-simulations, single/multi-stage as well as single-particle simulations, and CLC with reverse flow. A large number of examples for both process simulations using Aspen Plus and CFD simulations using a variety of fluidized beds/reactors employing both the two-fluid and Computational Fluid Dynamics / Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) model are provided. Modeling and Simulation of Fluidized Bed Reactors for Chemical Looping Combustion will be an invaluable reference for industry practitioners and researchers in academic and industrial R&D currently working on clean energy technologies and power generation with carbon capture.

​Aimed at students and professionals, this book provides an overview of the science and technology of the upstream/midstream sectors of the oil and gas industry. Topics include the origin of fossil hydrocarbons and their chemical/physical properties; discovering hydrocarbon reserves; recovering oil, gas and bitumen; and purifying natural gas and process offgas. The chapter on safety and the environment convers safety regulations and environmental laws. It highlights learnings from major accidents. In addition to drawing on the authors'previous books, it includes teaching material from several courses. These include workshops provided for top petroleum companies and a highly rated course taught at the Florida A&M University/Florida State University (USA).

Industrial Inorganic Chemistry adds to the previously published graduate level textbooks on Industrial Chemistry by Mark A. Benvenuto. It focuses specifically on inorganic processes, from the largest industrial process for the production of major inorganic chemicals and metals, down to and including smaller niche processes that have become extremely important in maintaining the current quality of life. The book provides a survey on the production of essential elements and compounds, such as sulfuric acid, calcium carbonate, fertilizers as well as numerous metals and alloys. In addition to the fundamental scientific principles each chapter includes discussions on the environmental impacts: mining of raw materials, creation of by-products, pollution, and waste generation, all of which have become key factors for the potential implementation of greener methods. The author also highlights ways in which industry has begun to make industrial inorganic processes more environmentally benign. Examines major inorganic chemistry processes, their effect on every-day life and current efforts to improve processes or adapt „green'chemical production. Provides didactic links between theoretical lecture contents and current, largescale chemical processes. Valuable for students of Inorganic Chemistry, Industrial Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science.

Using classic thermodynamic principles as the point of departure, this new edition of a popular resource supplies the understanding and tools required to measure process ef ciency and sustainability with much improved accuracy. Exploring the driving forces in the chemical and power industries, Efficiency and Sustainability in the Energy and Chemical Industries: Scientific Principles and Case Studies, Third Edition investigates why losses occur and explains how to reduce them. It focuses on the changing roles of refining and chemicals in industry and how the industry is transforming itself, and considers economics as a key enabler to look at technology choices and whether shareholder returns will be there. Includes new chapters on plastics recycling technologies and challenges, low carbon energy sources, the changing energy mix, and project economics, taxes, and subsidies Illustrates techniques with wide-ranging case studies related to energy conversion, mining, and the chemical industries as well as examples and problems Considers engineering layouts that reduce the environmental impact of chemical operations Explains how to use energy analysis to accurately assess the quality and performance of chemical processes Supplies quantitative tools for analyzing sustainability and efficiency Investigates the challenges of the hydrogen economy and CO2 and low carbon Discusses plastics recycling, economics, and a changing energy mix Complete with the keys to quantification of process efficiency and sustainability, this cutting-edge book is the ideal guide for those engaged in the transition from fossil-based fuels to renewable and sustainable energy sources using low-waste procedures.

This brief provides a comprehensive review of the rapidly expanding field of cavitation and bubble dynamics, covering the discussion of bubble dynamics equations, bubble oscillation dynamics, theoretical prediction models of jets, and high-speed photography technology. Among them, the core formulas, important research methods, and typical results related to bubble oscillation and collapse dynamics are systematically and comprehensively introduced. Specifically, in terms of the bubble dynamics equations, several classical dynamic equations utilized to describe the radial motion of the spherical bubble, cylindrical bubble, and the bubble in a droplet are derived and compared. In terms of the bubble oscillation dynamics, based on the perturbation method, multi-scale method, and Laplace transform method, the nonlinear oscillation characteristics of the bubble in free oscillation and driven oscillation are analyzed. In terms of the jet prediction theory, the Kelvin impulse model and various boundary treatment methods are given in detail, and the jet direction, intensity, and spatial sensitivity caused by the bubble collapse near various boundaries are discussed. In terms of the bubble collapse visualization based on the high-speed photography, taking the laser-induced bubble as an example, the system composition, operation process and experimental layout of the high-speed photography experimental platform are introduced, and a large number of typical bubble collapse deformation, jet evolution and shock wave propagation characteristics obtained from experiments are demonstrated. This book is intended for academic researchers and graduate students in fluid dynamics, aiming to consolidate the basic theory, physical mechanism, and latest progress in the field of bubble dynamics.

This book examines the growing interest in gasification technology, which has become the primary route for effectively utilizing solid carbonaceous material for energy generation and syngas production. The thermochemical conversion of solids, including pyrolysis, combustion, and gasification, has become a primary method for extracting energy and value-added chemicals. However, gasification technology is the most efficient and economical way to utilize solid fuel. Understanding the gasification process and its diversified applications is essential for making gasification technology sustainable in the future. This book provides readers with an in-depth understanding of gasification technology, covering its past use, present scenario, and future outlook. Specifically, in an emerging world with the rapid advancement of science and technology, this book offers knowledge on the fundamentals, applications, and sustainable advancement of gasification technology covering a wide range of solid fuels. Gasification Technology: Transforming Waste Into Clean Energy provides early career researchers, engineers, and research and development scientists with a solid knowledge base on the fundamentals, industrial applications, and commercialization of gasification. The first book to cover all aspects of gasification technology; Examines the role and importance of gasification technology and the rise in global energy demand; Integrates insights into engineering applications and the advancement of gasification as a sustainable technology.

This book explores the opportunities and challenges of hydrogen transport through different carriers (i.e., liquefied hydrogen, ammonia, toluene, and dibenzyltoluene). Each value chain analyzed includes: renewable H2 conversion to the carrier, storage of the hydrogenated carrier, its seaborne transport, reconversion of the carrier to produce H2 and hydrogen distribution. The conversion and reconversion processes are the cost drivers of the whole value chain. These stages are investigated through an in-depth techno-economic assessment, to highlight the critical issues and the need for further investigation (low TRL). The alternatives are examined considering: different H2 applications (industrial and mobility sector); different costs of utilities (present and future scenarios); and different distances from the loading to the unloading terminal. All these scenarios are discussed and compared by means of the levelized cost method, to understand which is the most cost-effective choice for each case study. As a result, H2 application to the industrial sector shows the lowest costs, with ammonia being the best alternative for transporting and storing hydrogen in this case. Liquefied hydrogen is the most expensive H2 carrier for the industrial application, as a consequence of the high liquefaction costs while holding promises for the mobility sector.

The book tells the story of the coal gasification technology from its early days 230 years ago to the present. Before the end of WWII, gasification had been extensively used to produce both fuel gas and gaseous feedstock from coal. But things have changed when natural gas became readily available, and coal gasification received little attention, especially in recent years when the trend is to move away from fossil energy. Compared to conventional coal combustion, gasification-based processes for power production typically result in much lower emissions of pollutants. So, coal gasification technology became relevant again during the transition of energy production to cleaner sources, in an effort to fight climate change. Taking another look at gasification technology to better understand its potential benefits including carbon capture and management and use the process, seems to make sense during the challenging time of the transition of energy production. Professionalsand policy makers in the energy field will benefit from this writing.

The complexity of food chemistry makes it a challenging subject for students studying in a food science course. Although there are excellent food chemistry books available in the market they have two major flaws: they are either encyclopedic or they are not pitched correctly to undergraduate food science students. The first problem creates difficulties for students to identify what is important and how much they need to know. The second problem arises when the book is written by authors that are not food scientists (e.g., chemists), they are not academics that are engaged with teaching or they are not sufficiently qualified to teach. In this case, it is difficult to find links between the chemistry of foods and its relevance to applications or, quite frequently, future employment prospects of the student. Introduction to Food Chemistry, 2nd Edition bridges this gap in the relevant literature, as it employs the latest pedagogical theories in textbook writing to present the subject to students with broad range of cognitive skills. This book presents specific learning objectives for each chapter and is self-contained so students will not need to search for essential information outside the textbook. This new edition has been expanded to include chapters on sweeteners, glass transition, amino acids, proteins for major food commodities and food additives. All of the original chapters have been updated and expanded to include new research and technologies. To support learning, the book has:Didactic elements with information being conveyed with 3D-figures, color-coded schemes and graphs, annotations on figures that link it to the text descriptionsBuilt-in pedagogy and learning activities at the end of each chapter that are linked to the learning objectives.Keywords and concepts for online search to instigate curiosity for further studies.Conversational writing style without losing academic rigorTo support lecturers, the book has:Helps focus teaching preparation on key aspects of food chemistry relevant to both industry and modern research.Aids the preparation of exams, assignments and other types of assessment or learning activities.For lecturers in search of a singular source to aid in their introductory food chemistry courses, look no further than this expanded new edition of Introduction to Food Chemistry.

This book addresses the problems involved in the modelling and simulation of shale gas reservoirs at pore scale, and details recent advances in the field. It presents the construction of simulation methods, mainly using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), that describe sorption, flow, and transport in nanoporous shale with some case studies. This book highlights the nanoscale effects, ascribed to the large surface-to-volume ratio, on fluids occurrence and transport physics. It discusses some interesting phenomena occurs at nanoporous shale, such as absorbed water film, water condensation, sorption hysteresis, surface excess adsorption, Knudsen diffusion, surface diffusion, structural fluid density, no-slip boundary, etc. The key techniques and methods introduced in this book provide the basis for accurate prediction of gas-well productivity. The basic principles and modeling methods are also relevant to many other nanoporous applications in science and engineering. The book aims to provide a valuable reference resource for researchers and professional scientists and engineers working on shale gas development and nanoporous media research.

This book comprises the select peer-reviewed proceedings of the International Conference on Hydro and Renewable Energy (ICHRE 2022). It aims to provide a comprehensive and broad-spectrum picture of the state-of-the-art research and development in the area of renewable energy technologies, grid integration challenges and opportunities, negative emission technologies, role of distributed energy resources in net zero energy carbon systems, role of hydro energy and pumped storage hydro in power sector decarbonization, policies, and regulations in achieving net zero carbon energy systems, among others. This book provides a valuable resource for those in academia and industry working in the fields of renewable energy, civil engineering, mechanical engineering, among others.

The field of resources and environmental research has seen a surge in interest and development. To compile the latest findings, this book presents peer-reviewed abstracts and papers from the 2023 5th International Conference on Resources and Environmental Research (ICRER 2023). This comprehensive collection offers insight into various areas including natural resource management, water resources and river basin management, solid waste management, soil, water, and air pollution control, climatic changes, ecosystem management, and sustainable development. This book provides professionals and researchers in the area of natural resources and environmental sciences with an up-to-date reference.

This best-selling introductory chemical engineering guide has been thoroughly revised, streamlined, and updated to reflect today's sweeping changes in chemical engineering curricula. It provides students with fundamental knowledge of processes that chemical engineers utilize in the refining and chemical industries as well as the bioengineering, nanoengineering, and microelectronics industries. Like previous editions, Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering, 9th Edition, Global Edition offers a strong foundation of skills and knowledge for successful study and practice, guiding students through formulating and solving material and energy balance problems, as well as describing gases, liquids, and vapors. Throughout, it introduces efficient, consistent, student-friendly methods for solving problems, analyzing data, and gaining a conceptual, application-based understanding of modern chemical engineering processes. Coverage in previous editions has been condensed and streamlined to serve today's students and faculty more effectively. Two entirely new chapters have been added, presenting complete introductions to dynamic material and energy balances, and to Psychrometric Charts. Additionally, MATLAB® and Python™ codes have been integrated into the text.

This book offers background material, reviews, and researched findings into the realms of minerals, mining, metallurgy, and engineering. Firstly, it elucidates fundamental mineral concepts, mining techniques, and mineral processing methods; secondly, it unveils cutting-edge insights on fine and coarse particle flotation, unveiling breakthrough technologies for enhanced efficiency; and thirdly, it explores the innovative applications of ultrasound and thermoluminescence in mineral processing, offering a holistic view of the latest advancements. This book sheds light on the versatile uses of silicones, the intricacies of bentonite clay, and the production pathways, properties, and applications of hydroxyapatite. Furthermore, the book provides invaluable insights into biomimetic biomineralization, the synthesis of low-carbon bio-cements, and the pioneering strides in mineral-based phase change materials.

The textbook book discusses the basics required to understand various application of solar energy. It covers basic mathematical tools required to analyze any solar thermal (ST), photo-voltaic (PV), and photo-voltaic thermal (PVT) system. The book provides a platform for undergraduate, postgraduate, researchers, and entrepreneurs to optimize the basic parameters for best performance of any system based on solar energy. The book includes about 500 examples that the reader can use to better understand the subject.

Enzymes in Oil Processing: Recent Developments and Applications provides solid, quantitative descriptions and reliable guidelines surrounding the development of enzyme technology for oil processing. This book provides comprehensive understanding of topics such as enzymatic degumming, enzymatic interesterification and enzymatic biodiesel production, focusing on the different enzyme assisted extraction methods used in oil in various sources such as soybean, canola, corn, olive, etc. The book also highlights the most exciting enzymatic transesterification of cooking oil and bioremediation of cooking oil waste by lipases. This book will be of interest to researchers working in the fields of enzymes, oil processing, applied science and bio-wastes. It will also be useful to scientists working on the processing of oil by enzymes and students in the development of green and sustainable methods for the processing of oil in chemistry, biotechnology and chemical engineering. - Includes an introduction to oil processing - Describes various enzyme assisted extraction techniques - Includes coverage on the production of biodiesel - Describes the transesterification process

This book includes the proceedings of the 3rd International Congress on Engineering and Sustainability in the XXI CEntury, INCREaSE 2023. INCREaSE is a congress with the aim to bring together valuable and novel scientific contributions that address the critical issues of renewable energy, sustainable building, sustainable manufacturing, sustainable food production and other sustainability science and engineering topics that have an impact in this diverse and fast-changing research area, both in academia and industry. This 3rd edition of INCREaSE was held during July 5-7, 2023, in Faro, Portugal, organized by the Institute of Engineering and hosted by University of Algarve. The areas to be covered were:• Big data and data analytics applied to sustainability;• Climate change and mitigation, carbon reduction;• Combined heat and power and district heating systems;• Control and optimization of renewable energy systems;• Energy and environmental assessment in buildings and cities;• Food loss and food waste solutions;• Food safety and quality engineering;• Information technology and artificial intelligence applied to sustainability;• Nanoelectronic, nanomachining, and new nanomaterials;• Smart buildings, smart cities, smart districts, smart countryside;• Sustainability in water management;• Sustainable building technologies;• Sustainable development and circular economy;• Sustainable energy generation and management;• Sustainable food processing and packaging;• Sustainable manufacturing and maintenance processes and technology;• Sustainable technologies for risk mitigations;• Sustainable transport, smart vehicles and smart roads; and• Thermo fluids modelling and experiments for sustainability. High quality and unpublished content is an essential feature for all included papers. Moreover, the Organizing Committee of the conference guarantees that contributions were subjected to an appropriate level of reviewing process.

Introductory Elements of Analysis and Design in Chemical Engineering introduces readers to how chemical engineers think. It explains the application of analytical methods to phenomena important in chemical engineering and teaches analytical skills in the context of engineering design. A principle goal is to help readers reinforce their understanding of mathematics (especially calculus) and science as they are introduced to engineering thinking.Key Features: Emphasizes basic principles, methods, and problem solving at an elementary level Presents concepts in calculus, chemistry, and physics and methods of analysis on the basis of experiment and observation Connects experimental results to mathematical representations Provides numerous illustrative examples and builds on them to introduce processing and process flow diagrams and to place chemical engineering in an historical context Includes problems at the end of each chapter Aimed at readers beginning their studies in chemical engineering, this textbook offers an approachable introduction to the principles of analysis and design in chemical engineering to help readers learn to think quantitatively and with a foundation of chemical engineering concepts.

This book describes cutting edge technology using supercritical fluids for the production of foodstuffs, medicals, and polymers. It illustrates the importance and use of basic data for design and operation at industrial scale units. The book's authors have several decades of experience of applied research on how to develop large scale industrial units. It provides readers complete insight in design and operation of industrial high pressure process plants. The book is written so it may be understood for people (with?) little or no background on high pressure process technology. It will provide information on how some foodstuffs, medicals, polymers are produced using high pressure technologies. The book demonstrates the importance of fundamental data, how to measure them and how to apply them to design industrial plants. At the same time, it also serves as a textbook for students.

This book sheds new light on component surfaces and the scientific fundamentals of their creation, characterization, and application. The book also provides a new interdisciplinary perspective on the topic, studying component surfaces with a multiscale approach and linking fundamental and applied research. The book builds on the success of the coordinated research project funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) from 2011 – 2023: the CollaborativeResearch Center CRC 926 “Microscale Morphology of Component Surfaces (MI-COS)”, in which, over the years, 100+ researchers have co-operated at the University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, and affiliated institutes, yielding 500+ scientific papers in journals from different fields of science and engineering. Divided into 2 main parts, the book starts with an introduction to the concept of Manufacturing-Morphology-Property (MMP) Relationships and dives into the fundamentals and technologies, including topics such as the geometrical, microstructural, and chemical characterization, indentation, and scratching on the nanoscale, micro milling and micro grinding, cryogenic machining, cold spraying, and additive manufacturing. In the first part, readers discover more about the interactions between particles and surfaces, the interrelationship of manufacturing, surface morphology and properties of titanium, the influence of manufacturing and load conditions on the phase transformation and fatigue of austenitic stainless steels, and the influence of surface morphology on fatigue and tribological behavior of Transformation-Induced-Plasticity (TRIP)/Twinning-Induced Plasticity (TWIP) Steels. The second part of this book is devoted to the applications of component surfaces, covering topics like the manufacturing of areal material measures, MMP relationships for rotating shaft sealing systems, the influence of the surface morphology on rolling bearing life under mixed lubrication, MMP relationships for chain joints, and MMP for biofilms. Scientists and engineers who deal with the influence of surfaces on macroscopic properties of components and who are interested in designing and manufacturing these surfaces to obtain desired component properties will understand the appeal of this work. Given its interdisciplinary breadth, the book also appeals to scholars and professionals in the fields of mechanical engineering, process engineering, and physics.

This textbook, supported by the Textbook Publishing Center of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, provides a fundamental introduction to advanced diagnostics techniques for graduate students majoring in combustion science, chemistry, and chemical engineering-related subjects. The textbook provides an overview with respect to the spectroscopic methods in advanced diagnostics techniques such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, thermochemical analysis, Raman scattering, and nuclear magnetic resonance. It then describes the comprehensive basic theory, equipment structure, and testing methods of diagnostic techniques and summarizes the analysis methods commonly used in combustion chemical reaction processes. This can provide graduate students with important guidance and comprehensive understanding of diagnostics techniques before performing physics and chemistry experiments. In addition, it provides an introduction into using common mathematical and graphics packages for students to acquire and practice the tools to comply with international standards. The textbook is concise and illustrative and includes hot issues and current progress of diagnostics. In addition, exercises and questions are included at the end of each chapter for students to practice and gain hands-on experience. Given its scope, the textbook is of great benefit to graduate students in combustion chemistry and engineering and other related areas such as environmental science, optical engineering, and thermal science and is also beneficial for researchers with interdisciplinary backgrounds.

Chemical Product Formulation Design and Optimization Explore the cutting-edge in chemical product formulation and design In Chemical Product Formulation Design and Optimization: Methods, Techniques, and Case Studies, a team of renowned technologists and engineers delivers a practice guide to chemical product design. Offering real-world case studies for disinfectant formulation, the optimization of defined media, and the formulation of biocomposites, the book contains introduction to the current product design process. In addition to the background of related statistical techniques, readers will find: Clear illustrations, figures, and tables that improve understanding and retention of critical topics Thorough introductions to the mathematical principles of chemical product design A complete examination of intellectual property considerations in the chemical product design process Ideal for process and chemical engineers, Chemical Product Formulation Design and Optimization: Methods, Techniques, and Case Studies is a must-read resource for professionals in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry as well as chemical engineers working in the food, paint, and dye industries who seek a one-stop resource that includes the latest advances in chemical product formulation.

This book explores the potential of advanced microwave techniques, specifically microwave-assisted pyrolysis, for the production, adsorption, and regeneration of activated carbon (AC) as a promising solution to address wastewater pollution caused by dyes. The author begins with a chapter devoted to the environmental implications of water pollution and emphasizes the characteristics of dyes and various treatment techniques for their removal. The advantages and disadvantages of commercially available activated carbon are also discussed, along with the determinants for effective adsorption using high-quality activated carbon. Additionally, the chapter delves into the different types of adsorbents, including agricultural and industrial waste, as well as bioadsorbents such as microorganisms. In Chapter 2, readers will find the latest trends in using microwave techniques for the activation process. In this chapter, the author elucidates the characteristics and mechanism of microwave heating and compares it with conventional heating methods. The advantages of microwave techniques, such as improved activation procedures and the influence of different factors, are explored. Various modeling and optimization approaches for adsorption and different techniques for analyzing the surface chemistry of activated carbons are also discussed. Furthermore, the chapter showcases the applications of microwave-assisted activated carbon for dye removal. The book closes with a chapter devoted to the recycling and regeneration of spent activated carbon (SAC) using microwave techniques. In this chapter, the author examines the procedures for SAC regeneration through microwave-assisted pyrolysis and highlights the advantages over conventional heating methods. The applications of microwave-assisted activated carbon regeneration and other miscellaneous technologies utilizing microwave heating for AC production and SAC regeneration are also explored. Given its breadth, this book is a valuable resource for researchers, professionals, and policymakers in the field of environmental science and engineering.

This book presents the state of the art on the weathering of polymers and plastic materials in outdoor applications, comprising natural weathering, accelerated climatic weathering, laboratory artificial accelerated weathering, and lifetime prediction methodology. It summarizes the most suitable methods of instrumental analysis to access and quantify (when possible) degradation caused by weathering, while also covering the degradation and stabilization of polymers based on environmental and artificially induced factors. Innovative polymer additives and some developments in polymeric materials designed for outdoor applications are also included, emphasizing a few selected cases. the book intends to be an important reference source for those involved in the study of the durability of polymers and plastics, production of plastics for exterior applications, chemists responsible for quality control of plastic products, and researchers and students across plastics engineering, polymer science, polymer chemistry and environmental science.

This book introduces the synthesis of functional mesoporous carbon-based films and their applications in energy systems. In the last decades, the consumption of fossil fuels has led to many problems such as the energy crisis and climate change. The rapidly increasing energy demands and environmental issues have attracted lots of attention to develop new functional materials for sustainable energy technology. Mesoporous carbon-based films show unique properties and have been regarded as a promising material applied in highly efficient energy storage and conversion systems. Interfacial assembly strategies are usually employed to construct such film devices. In this book, recent developments in synthesis of mesoporous carbon-based film devices through interfacial assembly strategies are illustrated. Additionally, the applications of mesoporous carbon-based film devices for electrochemical energy systems including batteries and electrocatalysis are introduced to demonstrate their potential, as well as describing the mechanisms to enhance the performance of these systems. Finally, some challenges and future outlooks are presented to inspire better development and contributions to this field in coming years. Given its scope, this book appeals to undergraduate students, graduate students, engineers, and researchers involved in related fields.

The ever-increasing population and the associated anthropogenic activities have imparted an adverse impact on the environment, resulting in an escalating pollution crisis and forcing the advancement of sustainable, green, and eco-friendly technologies. There is an expanding and flourishing activity in environmental research, specifically focusing on environmentally responsive approaches to combat xenobiotics, pollutants, and emerging contaminants discharged into the environment due to various anthropogenic activities. Bioremediation is an approach that can facilitate sustainable practices to mitigate various environmental pollutants. Alternative eco-friendly technologies involving the utilization of various industrial and agricultural residues could be sourced as economically viable sources for harnessing various tools and value-added products during their appliances in environmental remediation. This book focuses on the perception of the existing trends and recent developmentsin bioremediation and green technology usage in waste minimization, and pollution mitigation has been focused through research and review-type chapters. The encouraging conclusions of these research contributions could be incorporated for commercial-scale appliances on sustainable environmental solutions. This book appeals to scientists, academicians, and research scholars to gain inspiration and guidance for pursuing research on sustainable environmental applications.

This book comprehensively reviews the phytochemistry, functional properties, and health-promoting effects of bioactive compounds found in oil processing by-products, and it also explores the food and non-food applications of these by-products. Several oilseeds, vegetables, and fruits are cultivated for their oils and fats, wherein the oil extraction industry generates a huge amount of waste (meal or cake). The valorisation of this waste would be very beneficial not only from the economic and environmental perspectives, but also for the potential applications in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries, in which phytochemicals derived from vegetable oil and oilseed processing by-products play an important role in, for instance, extending the shelf life of several products and providing added-value properties with their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. In this work, expert contributors discuss about the added-value of biowaste from common and non-traditional vegetable oils and oilseeds processing, as well as fruit oils processing, and offer an extensive overview of the different bioactive compounds found in extracts from oil processing by-products and their chemical composition. The book also collects several examples in which oil processing by-products are integrated into industrial activities such as food production, livestock production and in pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. Professionals and scholars alike interested in the recycling of agro-industrial wastes derived from vegetable oil and oilseed processing by-products will find this book a handy reference tool.

This book perfects the theoretical system of fracture mechanics of nonhomogeneous materials through the establishment of the piecewise exponential model and expands the fracture research scope to nonhomogeneous materials containing complex interfaces through proposing the domain-independent interaction integral concept. The piecewise exponential model has overcome the problem of fracture mechanics of nonhomogeneous materials and clarified the doubt of traditional exponential models in recent 30 years. The domain-independent interaction integral method is not affected by material nonhomogeneity and discontinuity, which greatly facilitates its numerical implementation in the investigation of fracture behaviors of nonhomogeneous materials with complex interfaces.

Coulson and Richardson's Chemical Engineering: Volume 2B, Separation Processes, Sixth Edition, covers distillation and gas absorption, illustrating applications of the fundamental principles of mass transfer. Several techniques, including adsorption, ion exchange, chromatographic membrane separations and process intensification are comprehensively covered and explored. - Presents content converted from textbooks into fully revised reference material - Provides content that ranges from foundational to technical - Includes new additions, such as emerging applications, numerical methods, and computational tools

This book highlights the importance of Facilitated Transport Membranes (FTMs) for the application of carbon capture, covering its introduction, gas transport phenomena and models, reaction mechanisms, industrial applications such as bio-gas upgradation, flue gas separation, hydrogen gas and natural gas purification, fabrication methods of both FTMs and their carrier mediums, testing/characterization techniques, techno-analysis with up-to-date trends and the future outlooks. Climate change and environmental impacts are resulted due to greenhouse gases, particularly CO2. The industrial revolution is currently causing the augmented emission of greenhouse gases. Therefore, various technologies are being looked at to overcome these problems. In which, membrane technology is key among them and is envisaged for many industrial applications, especially for gas separations and carbon capture. Considering this, FTMs are being actively investigated due to their remarkable gas separation performance.This book describes the working principle of FTMs and includes case studies to explore their impact on different industrial applications. Also, the book highlights how FTMs are reshaping science to capture CO2 for reducing climate and environmental impacts.