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This book includes recent articles with new findings in Mathematics and Computer Science, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Environmental Science and Oceanography, Physics and Physical Chemistry, Chemistry, and Biochemistry. Also, it contains some articles on the state of the art. The books shows the interaction of the different disciplines of basic sciences and their roles to achieve the green environment and sustainable development via the application of green sciences. Also, the data and information in this book include solving problems in the statistic statistical and computer analysis of many experimental data; broaden the understanding for of many environmental phenomena; broaden the understanding on of how many green synthetic materials could be achieved and examples of their application in biochemistry and microbiology fields; explain how the basic sciences can help in the sustainable development; and explain how deep learning could be used in predicting some phenomena. Additionally, the book enriches understanding of many microbiological and biochemical phenomena and provides complete instructions for many biotechnological aspects. It provides complete instructions for representative waste treatment; enriches understanding of how some biochemical compounds could be tested for representative disease management; case studies that illustrate newly developed equation equations in physics; and summarizes the latest studies in the completeness between basic sciences and climate changes.

This book provides readers with an introductory overview of art from the perspective of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. The author utilizes well-known and important works of art to demonstrate how STEM concepts apply to them. The book's examples include a structural analysis of Michelangelo's David. The author covers major breakthroughs in art history, such as the discovery of perspective. The book also discusses other important elements of art, such as color, from a scientific point of view. The author ensures that readers will understand the art terms used by comparing them with terms used in STEM fields of study.

This book is for individuals with a scientific background who aspire to apply machine learning within various natural science disciplines—such as physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, psychology and many more. It elucidates core mathematical concepts in an accessible and straightforward manner, maintaining rigorous mathematical integrity. For readers more versed in mathematics, the book includes advanced sections that are not prerequisites for the initial reading. It ensures concepts are clearly defined and theorems are proven where it's pertinent. Machine learning transcends the mere implementation and training of algorithms; it encompasses the broader challenges of constructing robust datasets, model validation, addressing imbalanced datasets, and fine-tuning hyperparameters. These topics are thoroughly examined within the text, along with the theoretical foundations underlying these methods. Rather than concentrating on particular algorithms this book focuses on the comprehensive concepts and theories essential for their application. It stands as an indispensable resource for any scientist keen on integrating machine learning effectively into their research. Numerous texts delve into the technical execution of machine learning algorithms, often overlooking the foundational concepts vital for fully grasping these methods. This leads to a gap in using these algorithms effectively across diverse disciplines. For instance, a firm grasp of calculus is imperative to comprehend the training processes of algorithms and neural networks, while linear algebra is essential for the application and efficient training of various algorithms, including neural networks. Absent a solid mathematical base, machine learning applications may be, at best, cursory, or at worst, fundamentally flawed. This book lays the foundation for a comprehensive understanding of machine learning algorithms and approaches.

This book presents carefully curated works from the 10th Conference on Biomechanics, where 135 researchers converged to explore the forefront of biomechanical inquiry. The chapters cover research spanning biomaterials, clinical biomechanics, sports biomechanics, experimental biomechanics, and teaching biomechanics. Each contribution was selected through a rigorous peer-review process and encapsulates the essence of contemporary biomechanics, offering critical insights into innovative materials, diagnostic strategies, performance optimization techniques, empirical investigations, and pedagogical approaches.

This book explores advanced recycling and optimization techniques, offering a blend of practical case studies and theoretical models that push the boundaries of traditional water management practices. Each chapter covers various aspects of sustainable water management, from the reuse of wastewater in residential complexes to the design of eco-industrial parks. By integrating environmental engineering, economics, and urban planning, the book addresses the pressing need for sustainable water solutions, presenting cutting-edge optimization models and economic analyses crucial for professionals and decision-makers. The incorporation of dynamic and strategic planning in the context of environmental constraints and uncertainties makes it an essential resource for navigating the complexities of modern water systems. Providing innovative strategies for a sustainable future, this book stands as a pivotal work in the field of water resource management.

This new volume reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the goals of biotechnology engineering and provides a firm foundation in the science and engineering of biological processes. The book discusses the combination of both engineering and science of biological processes from wastewater treatment to tissue engineering. The first part of this book discusses experimental and theoretical solutions for environmental pollution. The second part covers new frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology. Part 3 illustrates the use of biotechnology and bio-based routes to sustainable composites, and finally, case studies with detailed information are presented in the last section.

In this book, we study decision trees for fault diagnosis in circuits and switching networks, which are among the most fundamental models for computing Boolean functions. We consider two main cases: when the scheme (circuit or switching network) has the same mode of operation for both calculation and diagnostics, and when the scheme has two modes of operation—normal for calculation and special for diagnostics. In the former case, we get mostly negative results, including superpolynomial lower bounds on the minimum depth of diagnostic decision trees depending on scheme complexity and the NP-hardness of construction diagnostic decision trees. In the latter case, we describe classes of schemes and types of faults for which decision trees can be effectively used to diagnose schemes, when they are transformed into so-called iteration-free schemes. The tools and results discussed in this book help to understand both the possibilities and challenges of using decision trees to diagnosefaults in various schemes. The book is useful to specialists both in the field of theoretical and technical diagnostics.It can also be used for the creation of courses for graduate students.

This book focuses on bioinformatics, the study of the management and analysis of information used in biological systems. Particular emphasis explains to the reader how to study and extract useful information, such as relatedness of species, function of specific sequences, and genome organization from genomic sequences. This book focuses on the algorithmic aspects of bioinformatics and not on databases and software packages. There are two important discriminating characteristics that sets the book apart. It connects the algorithmic aspects and approaches to bioinformatics with the biological context while maintaining a user friendly and accessible description of the algorithms. The authors have curated the content for use a stand alone reference or the book will fit a one semester course on the subject.

Patente und Gebrauchsmuster sind unverzichtbare Instrumente in der täglichen Arbeit von Ingenieuren und Naturwissenschaftlern. Sie spielen eine wichtige Rolle beim Schutz technischer Innovationen und veröffentlichen technisches Wissen.Dieses Buch gibt einen Einblick in die spannende Welt der technischen Schutzrechte. Nach einer kurzen Einführung erklärt es dem Leser die Struktur von Patentschriften. Dies befähigt ihn diese zielgerichtet zu lesen und in kurzer Zeit zu bewerten. Weiterführende Themen richten sich an Personen die zusätzliches Wissen im Patentwesen erwerben möchten, um z.B. in einer Fachabteilung oder einem Unternehmen ohne Patentabteilung weiterführende Aufgaben zu übernehmen oder um schutzrechtsbezogene Entscheidungen treffen zu können.

Das Standardwerk HÜTTE erscheint in der 35., aktualisierten Auflage in der Reihe Springer Reference Technik. Diese Reihe bietet allen Ingenieurinnen und Ingenieuren – ob im Studium oder in allen Formen des Berufslebens – zielführendes Fachwissen in aktueller, kompakter und verständlicher Form. Die HÜTTE enthält in drei Bänden die Grundlagen des Ingenieurwissens sowie ökonomisch-gesellschaftliche Kapitel, die das Ingenieurwissen ergänzen. Band 3 umfasst Elektro- und informationstechnische Grundlagen: Elektrotechnik Messtechnik Regelungs- und Steuerungstechnik Informatik InformationsmanagementBand 1 Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche und allgemeine GrundlagenBand 2 Grundlagen des Maschinenbaus und ergänzende Fächer

This book investigates the physical effects of a lightning flash on a person near the down conductor of a lightning protection system. These effects are the touch voltage, the step voltage and the side flash. For this purpose, a full-scale simulation model of the human body with a resistance of 1000 ohms was first created. In the simulation model, the body can touch the down conductor or be placed close to it. Furthermore, the specific resistance of the earth is varied. Likewise, insulating layers such as asphalt can be incorporated into the simulation model. Also, special cases like water permeable layers or water layers on an asphalt layer can be calculated. In post-processing, all relevant values can be determined, such as the energy converted in the body, the charge, the current and the voltage applied to the body. A comparison with the permissible limit values then shows for the lightning protection classes whether there is danger or not and provides information on necessary measures. There is a risk for death and injury if the down conductor is touched. However, there is also a risk of a side flash if a person is standing next to a discharge. Site isolation with dry asphalt is effective, but there is a residual risk of surface discharges. In real situations with wet asphalt, water-permeable layers or asphalt with a water layer, however, there is a great risk of death or injury. Equipotential bonding with an earthing grid is a necessary but not sufficient solution with regard to the induced voltage at negative subsequent stroke. Therefore, the situation must always be examined on a case-by-case basis with regard to the safety requirements. The only effective measure to prevent injury and death due to touch voltage is an insulating down conductor in conjunction with equipotential bonding. The measures for reducing the touch voltage, such as site insulation and equipotential bonding, basically also apply to limiting the step voltage. A risk calculation according to IEC 62305-2 gives the mean time between two events of injury and death MG = 1/RA. The tolerable risk is: RA = 0,0001 or MT = 10.000 years, equivalent to one death in 10.000 years.

This book introduces novel purification technology for the complex oligonucleotide libraries. Since the concept of synthesizing oligonucleotides (oligos) has been proposed, research fields such as nucleic acid-based therapies (CRISPR-Cas9, DNA/RNA vaccines, RNAi), synthetic biology, protein engineering, and DNA-based data storage have bloomed. The COVID-19 pandemic underscores the potential of nucleic acid-based technologies, such as vaccines or diagnostics. As they emerge as the most promising weapons against the current pandemic, increasing need for highly accessible nucleic acid purification technologies is expected. To meet this demand, an oligo purification technology that can be applied to complex oligo libraries and can purify oligos with single-base resolution is developed. In addition, the purification technology can be applied to highly complex oligo libraries of different lengths, enabling the simultaneous purification of complex oligo libraries with different lengths. The proposed technology can be easily accessed by users and would help accelerate numerous research fields that utilize oligos as fundamental building blocks.

Das Standardwerk HÜTTE erscheint in der 35., aktualisierten Auflage in der Reihe Springer Reference Technik. Diese Reihe bietet allen Ingenieurinnen und Ingenieuren – ob im Studium oder in allen Formen des Berufslebens – zielführendes Fachwissen in aktueller, kompakter und verständlicher Form. Die HÜTTE enthält in drei Bänden die Grundlagen des Ingenieurwissens sowie ökonomisch-gesellschaftliche Kapitel, die das Ingenieurwissen ergänzen. Band 2 umfasst Grundlagen des Maschinenbaus und ergänzende Fächer: Werkstoffe Technische Mechanik Technische Thermodynamik Entwicklung Konstruktion Produktion Logistik Betriebswirtschaft Management NormungBand 1 Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche und allgemeine GrundlagenBand 3 Elektro- und informationstechnische Grundlagen

This book describes the development of novel protein–RNA-binding assays and their applications in a high-throughput manner for the identification of small-molecule modulators of protein–RNA interactions to treat cancer and COVID-19. Modulating protein–RNA interactions with small molecules is expected to provide novel biological insights of the interrelation of diseases with the protein–RNA interactome. The modulations may also be exploited therapeutically. For these reasons, the development of a simple, reliable, and sensitive protein–RNA-binding assay is necessary for high-throughput screening to discover new effective chemical entities capable of acting on diverse protein–RNA interactions. This book discusses the discovery of small-molecule modulators targeting protein–RNA interactions that are potentially valuable to treat cancer and COVID-19 by constructing novel high-throughput screening methods. The results of this dissertation provide valuable insights into the regulation of protein–RNA interactions in chemical biology and drug development.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a member of the family of non-coding RNA molecules, and consist of small conserved sequences between 19–25 nucleotides in length that are responsible for regulating many cellular functions by affecting a wide range of messenger RNAs in a sequence specific manner. Fundamental biological processes like cell proliferation and growth, stress resistance, tumorigenesis, fat metabolism, and neural development have all been shown to be governed by miRNAs. miRNAs carry out the post-transcriptional silencing of gene expression via targeting the 30-untranslated region (UTR) of the complementary mRNA sequence. The dysregulation of the expression levels of various miRNAs is typical of tumor cells, and has been associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. Many miRNAs are up-regulated in cancer, where they can silence tumor suppressor genes such as apoptosis and immune response associated genes. Therefore, it is possible to profile the expression levels of miRNAs as biomarkers, in order to diagnose cancer and noncancerous diseases. Moreover, cancer detection in the early stages is crucial in clinical situations. Characterization of miRNAs in serum, plasma, and other bodily fluids, and understanding their stability against RNase degradation, is important to assess their suitability as biomarkers and diagnostic tools. Exosomes play an important role in inter-cellular communications, and these nanosized particles have various functions in diverse physiological pathways, in normal as well as abnormal cells. Exosomes can carry diverse cargos such as mRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins that transfer information between donor and recipient cells. Furthermore, uptake of exosomes and their cargos may promote or suppress various molecular and cellular pathways, which alter the cellular behavior. Many reports have discussed the role of exosomes released from cancer cells on the progression of cancer at various stages. Exosomes and their cargos may affect the growth ofthe tumor, metastasis, drug resistance, immune system function, as well as angiogenesis. Therefore, exosomes have been explored as diagnostic biomarkers in many cancers. Moreover, exosomes can be used as biological vehicles to deliver different drugs and agents like doxorubicin (DOX), miRNAs, and siRNAs. The present book covers the role of exosomes and micro-RNAs in the pathogenesis and treatment of various diseases.

Das Standardwerk HÜTTE erscheint in der 35., aktualisierten Auflage in der Reihe Springer Reference Technik. Diese Reihe bietet allen Ingenieurinnen und Ingenieuren – ob im Studium oder in allen Formen des Berufslebens – zielführendes Fachwissen in aktueller, kompakter und verständlicher Form. Die HÜTTE enthält in drei Bänden die Grundlagen des Ingenieurwissens sowie ökonomisch-gesellschaftliche Kapitel, die das Ingenieurwissen ergänzen. Band 1 umfasst Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche und allgemeine Grundlagen: Mathematik Physik Chemie Recht Patente Technik- und RisikokommunikationBand 2 Grundlagen des Maschinenbaus und ergänzendeFächerBand 3 Elektro- und informationstechnische Grundlagen

This volume focuses on practical applications of the principles that can be transferred from nature to our design space. It is thereby supported by the regulation and control systems as described by the science of cybernetics.

Dieser Ratgeber erklärt, wie Forschungsergebnisse aus Universitäten und Hochschulen patentiert und lizenziert oder verkauft werden können. Wichtige Aspekte des Erfindungs-, Patent- und Lizenzrechts werden anhand von Beispielen erläutert.Im ersten Teil werden Fragen beantwortet, was eine patentierbare Erfindung ist und welche Erfindervergütung Forschenden an Hochschulen zusteht. Ausführlich behandelt wird u.a. das Thema, wie Forschungsergebnisse publiziert und trotzdem patentiert werden können.Im zweiten Teil, speziell zum Patentieren, wird gezeigt, wie eine Patentanmeldung aufgebaut ist, wie Patentprüfverfahren ablaufen und was sie kosten. Mit vielen Praxistipps wird erklärt, wie man eine Patentrecherche durchführt und ermittelt, ob ein Patent noch aktiv ist. Zudem wird erläutert, welche Besonderheiten beim Schutz von Erfindungen für medizinische Anwendungen zu beachten sind.Im dritten Teil werden verschiedene vertragliche Lösungen zur Anbahnung sowie zum Abschluss von Lizenz- und anderen Verwertungsvereinbarungen vorgestellt. Häufige Probleme bei der Finanzierung der Weiterentwicklung von Projekten werden adressiert und Lösungen aufgezeigt. Der Schlussteil ist speziell dem Thema der Gründung von akademischen Spin-off-Unternehmen gewidmet. Die aktualisierte und erweiterte 2. Auflage enthält neue Beiträge zu den Themen Software-Schutz und -Lizenzierung und zu den Möglichkeiten, patentgeschützte Technologien weiterzuentwickeln. Neue Beispiele sowie verlinkte Interviews mit Experten illustrieren Best-practice-Fälle.Das Buch eignet sich sowohl als Übersicht für Einsteiger als auch zum gelegentlichen Nachschlagen für gestandene Erfinder. Es richtet sich grundsätzlich an alle Forschenden in den Naturwissenschaften und der Medizin sowie Mitarbeitende des Technologietransfers an Universitäten, Universitätskliniken und Hochschulen. Videos per App: einfach die SN More Media App kostenfrei herunterladen, einBild oder einen Link mit dem Play-Button scannen und sofort das Video auf Smartphone oder Tablet ausspielen.

This edited book explores the use of technology to enable us to visualise the life sciences in a more meaningful and engaging way. It will enable those interested in visualisation techniques to gain a better understanding of the applications that can be used in visualisation, imaging and analysis, education, engagement and training.The reader will be able to explore the utilisation of technologies from a number of fields to enable an engaging and meaningful visual representation of the biomedical sciences, with a focus in this volume related to anatomy, and clinically applied scenarios. The first six chapters in this volume show the wide variety of tools and methodologies that digital technologies and visualisation techniques can be utilised and adopted in the educational setting. This ranges from body painting, clinical neuroanatomy, histology and veterinary anatomy through to real time visualisations and the uses of digital and social media for anatomical education. The last four chapters represent the diversity that technology has to be able to use differing realities and 3D capture in medical visualisation, and how remote visualisation techniques have developed. Finally, it concludes with an analysis of image overlays and augmented reality and what the wider literature says about this rapidly evolving field.

Biomimetic approaches in design and creation of robots, biomechanics and wide use of modeling and simulation in practice of the biomedical research, biosensors and modern biomaterials are the topics of this volume of'Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering'. Many researchers and engineers (not only from area of Biomedical Engineering) will be able to find many useful ideas and solutions for their activity.

This volume of the'Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering'covers topical issue of biomimetic approach to the development of modern means of a wide range of industrial applications, the new solutions in the field of biomedical engineering and of pharmacological practice and also illuminates the results of the latest solutions in the field of development of biomaterials and their application.

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON 2015), March 18-20, 2015, Phuket, Thailand

Periodical edition of the peer-reviewed papers as results of modern scientific research and engineering solutions in the various sectors of engineering sciences.

Selected Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Waste Management and Technology, October 29-30, 2014, Beijing, China

Märchenhaft und bildend zugleich: Das weltweit allererste Biotechnologie-Buch im lustigen lockeren Cartoon-Stil! Die Story: Eine Sternschnuppe fällt auf die Erde in das Königreich Makronesien. Als König Richard VIII. den Sternenstaub unter dem Super-Mikroskop untersucht, entdeckt er ein nanoskopisch kleines intelligentes Wesen in einem Mikro-Raumschiff... Professor Nanoroo ist vom Planeten Nano zur Erde gekommen, um die menschliche Biotechnologie zu verstehen. Neugierig kommuniziert er mit den Menschen, fragt allen ein Loch in den Bauch. Nanoroo begegnet brotbackenden und bierbrauenden Hefen; krank- und gesundmachenden Bakterien; Pilzen, die Medikamente gegen Bakterien produzieren. Er erlebt viele Abenteuer, unter anderem rettet er des Königs Bruder vor dem Herzinfarkt, misst den Zuckerspiegel Richards und die Fitness von Rennpferden, sieht Pflanzen bei der Raupenabwehr und kostet vitaminreichen Goldenen Reis. Die wissenschaftlichen Hintergründe der Cartoons werden jeweils sachlich kurz in Boxen erklärt. Wenn Nanoroo am glücklichen Ende von der Erde abfliegt mit dem Versprechen wiederzukommen, haben junge und alte Cartoon-Fans bereits stillvergnügt und spielend die Grundlagen der Biotechnologie begriffen.

This volume of the'Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering'covers topical issue of biomimetic approach to the development of modern means of a wide range of industrial applications, the new solutions in the field of biomedical engineering and of pharmacological practice and also illuminates the results of the latest solutions in the field of development of biomaterials and their application.

Selected peer reviewed papers related to Mechanic and Materials from the 4th International Malaysia-Ireland Joint Symposium on Engineering, Science and Business (IMiEJS 2014), June 25-26, 2014, Penang, Malaysia

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2014 4th International Conference on Intelligent System and Applied Material (GSAM 2014), August 23-24, 2014, Taiyuan, China

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2014 4th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, Industry and Manufacturing Engineering (MEIME 2014), October 25-26, 2014, Beijing, China

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2014 International Conference on Green Materials and Environmental Engineering (GMEE 2014), September 21-22, 2014, Hong Kong

This volume of the'Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering'covers topical issue of biomimetic approach to the development of modern means of a wide range of industrial applications, the new solutions in the field of biomedical engineering and of pharmacological practice and also illuminates the results of the latest solutions in the field of development of biomaterials and their application.

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2013 International Conference on Advanced Engineering Materials and Architecture Science (ICAEMAS 2013), July 27-28, 2013, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2013 4th International Conference on Information Technology for Manufacturing Systems (ITMS 2013), August 28-29, 2013, Auckland, New Zealand

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2013 International Conference on Vehicle & Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology (VMEIT 2013), August 17-18, 2013, Zhengzhou, Henan, China

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2012 International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering (ICSEEE 2012), December 29-30, 2012, Guangzhou, China

This book represents the first in a two-volume set on biological rhythms. This volume focuses on supporting the claim that biological rhythms are universal and essential characteristics of living organisms, critical for proper functioning of any living system. The author begins by examining the potential reasons for the evolution of biological rhythms: (1) the need for complex, goal-oriented devices to control the timing of their activities; (2) the inherent tendency of feedback control systems to oscillate; and (3) the existence of stable and powerful geophysical cycles to which all organisms must adapt. To investigate the second reason, the author enlists the help of biomedical engineering students to develop mathematical models of various biological systems. One such model involves a typical endocrine feedback system. By adjusting various model parameters, it was found that creating a oscillation in any component of the model generated a rhythmic cascade that made the entire systemoscillate. This same approach was used to show how daily light/dark cycles could cascade rhythmic patterns throughout ecosystems and within organisms. Following up on these results, the author discusses how the twin requirements of internal synchronization (precise temporal order necessary for the proper functioning of organisms as complex, goal-oriented devices) and external synchronization (aligning organisms'behavior and physiology with geophysical cycles) supported the evolution of biological clocks. The author then investigates the clock systems that evolved using both conceptual and mathematical models, with the assistance of Dr. Bahrad Sokhansanj, who contributes a chapter on mathematical formulations and models of rhythmic phenomena. With the ubiquity of biological rhythms established, the author suggests a new classification system: the F4LM approach (Function; Frequency; waveForm; Flexibility; Level of biological system expressing rhythms; and Mode of rhythm generation) to investigate biological rhythms. This approach is first used on the more familiar cardiac cycle and then on neural rhythms as exemplified and measured by the electroencephalogram. During the process of investigating neural cycles, the author finds yet another reason for the evolution of biological rhythms: physical constraints, such as those imposed upon long distance neural signaling. In addition, a common theme emerges of a select number of autorhythmic biological oscillators imposing coherent rhythmicity on a larger network or system. During the course of the volume, the author uses a variety of observations, models, experimental results, and arguments to support the original claim of the importance and universality of biological rhythms. In Volume 2, the author will move from the establishment of the critical nature of biological rhythms to how these phenomena may be used to improve human health, well-being, and productivity. In a sense, Volume 1 focuses on the chronobio aspect of chronobioengineering while Volume 2 investigates methods of translating this knowledge into applications, the engineering aspect of chronobioengineering. Table of Contents: Time and Time Again / Walking on Air: An Empirical Proof-of-Concept / Clock Tech, Part 1 / Clock Tech II From External to Internal Timers / Clock Tech III Rise of the CircaRhythms / The Circle Game: Mathematics, Models, and Rhythms / The Power of Circular Reasoning

Neural interfaces are one of the most exciting emerging technologies to impact bioengineering and neuroscience because they enable an alternate communication channel linking directly the nervous system with man-made devices. This book reveals the essential engineering principles and signal processing tools for deriving control commands from bioelectric signals in large ensembles of neurons. The topics featured include analysis techniques for determining neural representation, modeling in motor systems, computing with neural spikes, and hardware implementation of neural interfaces. Beginning with an exploration of the historical developments that have led to the decoding of information from neural interfaces, this book compares the theory and performance of new neural engineering approaches for BMIs. Contents: Introduction to Neural Interfaces / Foundations of Neuronal Representations / Input-Outpur BMI Models / Regularization Techniques for BMI Models / Neural Decoding Using GenerativeBMI Models / Adaptive Algorithms for Point Processes / BMI Systems

This volume examines the convergence of biotechnology and communication systems and explores how this convergence directly influences our understanding of the nature of communication. Editor Sandra Braman brings together scholars to examine this convergence in three areas: genetic information and'facticity'; social issues and implications; and the economic and legal issues raised by the production and ownership of information. The work highlights the sophisticated processes taking place as biotechnology and information technology systems continue to evolve. The chapters in this book approach the complex history of this topic and the issues it raises from a number of directions. It begins by examining the shared features and spaces of biotechnology and digital information technologies as meta-technologies--qualitatively distinct from both the tools first used in the premodern era and the industrial technologies that characterized modernity. Next, the book explores what is and is not useful in treating the types of information processed by the two meta-technologies through a shared conceptual lens and looks at issues raised by the ownership of genetic and digital information. The final chapters are concerned with relationships between information and power. Defining a future research agenda for communication scholarship, this work is beneficial to scholars and students in science communication, cultural studies, information technologies, and sociology.