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• Human resources development aided the developing space program of the Philippines. • Most of the selected personnel for training came from the academia. • Trainees taken from the industry followed later to support the push for space. • Most of trained personnel opted to stay in the country to support the space program. The Philippines has experienced a shift of interest in space technology development and utilization over the past decade, culminating with the establishment of its national space agency in 2019. In cooperation with different universities in Japan, the Philippines successfully developed and launched two microsatellites, DIWATA-1 and DIWATA-2, and six nanosatellites, MAYA-1 to MAYA-6. By sending personnel to Japan and other space-faring countries, the country was able to rapidly ramp up its satellite development and utilization capabilities. In this paper, we examine and evaluate the complex human resources development efforts conducted by the country to support the creation of a local space ecosystem and ensure its long-term sustainability. Through a careful review, we identify how many people benefited from training programs, studies abroad or other forms of capacity building, and how these skilled individuals were retained in the budding Filipino space sector. Precisely, we looked at the backgrounds of the different people trained by the country, what type of training they received (funding, location, and duration), and how they are supporting the local space ecosystem at the time of writing this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper aims to explain the role of GEE in seismic anomalies detection. • Two recent powerful earthquakes in Japan (13 February and 20 March 2021) were discussed. • Time series of AOT, Chlorophyll and Ozone precursors deduced from GEE platform. • They were investigated using Median and LSTM methods. • Our satisfactory results show that we will see a significant leap forward in studies of earthquake precursors. Nowadays, satellite data is an appropriate and undeniable source for studying earthquake precursors due to their diversity, wide coverage, being up to date and low cost. Time series analysis of satellite data plays an important role in the process of detecting seismic anomalies in earthquake warning systems. But in order to reduce uncertainty during the seismic anomalies detection, it is necessary the use a variety of satellite data, although it leads to increase of data size and processing time. This paper aims to explain the role of Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform in considerable progress of seismo-Lithospheric Atmospheric Ionospheric (LAI) anomalies detection in earthquake early warning systems. Among the different studied earthquakes, for example two recent powerful earthquakes in Japan (13 February and 20 March 2021) have been discussed. Deduced time series of three precursors (i.e. Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT), Chlorophyll and Ozone) from GEE platform were investigated using Median method and a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network to detect potentially seismo-LAI anomalies. Our satisfactory results show that with the addition of other various satellite data and also known predictors intelligent algorithms such as deep learning to GEE platform, we will see a significant leap forward in studies of earthquake precursors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) is a science mission led by the European Space Agency, being developed for launch in 2023. The Ganymede Laser Altimeter (GALA) is an instrument onboard JUICE, whose main scientific goals are to understand ice tectonics based on topographic data, the subsurface structure by measuring tidal response, and small-scale roughness and albedo of the surface. In addition, from the perspective of astrobiology, it is imperative to study the subsurface ocean scientifically. The development of GALA has proceeded through an international collaboration between Germany (the lead), Japan, Switzerland, and Spain. Within this framework, the Japanese team (GALA-J) is responsible for developing three receiver modules: the Backend Optics (BEO), the Focal Plane Assembly (FPA), and the Analog Electronics Module (AEM). Like the German team, GALA-J also developed software to simulate the performance of the entire GALA system (performance model). In July 2020, the Proto-Flight Models of BEO, FPA, and AEM were delivered from Japan to Germany. This paper presents an overview of JUICE/GALA and its scientific objectives and describes the instrumentation, mainly focusing on Japan's contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The operational period of the first generation of dedicated Space VLBI (SVLBI) missions commenced in 1997 with the launch of the Japan-led mission VSOP/HALCA and is coming to closure in 2019 with the completion of in-flight operations of the Russia-led mission RadioAstron. They were preceded by the SVLBI demonstration experiment with the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) in 1986–1988. While the comprehensive lessons learned from the first demonstration experiment and two dedicated SVLBI missions are still awaiting thorough attention, several preliminary conclusions can be made. This paper addresses some issues of implementation of these missions as they progressed over four decades from the original SVLBI concepts to the operational status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]