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With the growth of global energy demand and the pressure of environmental protection, ocean energy has received widespread attention as a clean and sustainable form of energy. The purpose of this paper is to analyze various forms of ocean energy, explore its working principles, power generation technologies and application potential, and evaluate its research progress on a global scale. This paper details the working principle and power generation technology of ocean current, tidal, wave, temperature difference and salt difference energy. Especially in terms of salt differential energy, this paper analyzes the key role of permeable membrane technology and the large-scale production of low-cost special membranes. The analysis shows that countries have made significant progress in research in the field of ocean energy, especially in ocean current energy and tidal energy. China has also made breakthroughs in ocean current, wave and temperature difference energy. In short, ocean energy has great potential for development as a clean and sustainable energy source. Future development trends will focus on improving power generation efficiency, reducing costs, and reducing ecological environmental impact. As technology advances and costs fall, ocean energy is expected to occupy a more important position in the global energy system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the rising cost of petroleum products and the widespread demand for clean and renewable energy to lower carbon dioxide pollution to meet global emissions targets in developed and developing countries. For this reason, alternative energy sources such as solar, wind, and thermal have become crucial. This energy must be cheaper, and safer, and contribute significantly to energy development. Nigeria is faced with the problem of poor access to power supply, which contributes to retarded industrial growth, insecurity, and mass unemployment. Alternative sources, such as solar energy, bio-energy, etc are capable of solving the energy crisis in Nigeria with average solar insolation of 7.0KWℎ∕m2 per day in the north and 3.5KWℎ∕m2 per day) in the south. Biofuels such as bioethanol and biodiesel produced from biomass are also promising alternatives. They can reduce harmful emissions and give Nigeria hope for energy security and sustainable development. This paper reviews the potential of various renewable sources for energy generation in Nigeria. Presently, Nigeria requires thermal power plants from renewable sources capable of providing 13000MW, to meet the daily energy needs in Nigeria compared to the available 4000MW which is insufficient for over two hundred (200) million Nigerians. This study identifies biofuels as a major energy innovation for car engines, gas turbines, power plants, etc. In Nigeria and throughout sub-Saharan Africa, the use of biofuels could prevent energy shortages and promote more sustainable development. Challenges to widespread biofuel adoption in developing countries include deforestation, land scarcity, and the conflict between energy production and food security. It concludes that significant spending on energy research and the right institutional and governmental frameworks are needed to overcome the difficulties in order to realize the potential of alternative energy for sustainable development [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the vehicles uses fossil fuel or gasoline for transportation. Usage of fossil fuel contaminates the air due to emission of nitrous oxides and particulates. It also causes the depletion of ozone layer. These fossil fuels are non-renewal and hence will be deplete from the earth in near future dueto increased demand. Moreover, due to scarcity, its cost is also increasing rapidly. In order to deal with this, an electric vehicle can be good alternative for transportation. With usage of electricvehicle, demand for fossil fuel can be greatly reduced. All the electric vehicle (EVs) are refer to BEV (battery electric vehicles) and they are equipped with the battery to store power. With increasing usage of renewable energy sources, clean power can be generated which can be supplied for charging of the electric vehicle. In this paper, review of electric vehicle is carried. Itinvolves various features of EV like its tractive effort, efficiencyof motor and battery necessities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]