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Various limitation on the direct use of essential oil has stimulate encapsulation technology studies in the recent year. The study aimed to analyze the scope of essential oil encapsulation through a bibliometric analysis. This paper used Scopus database to collecting data about the subjects. VOSviewer was used for network visualization and map constructing. Started from 1988, a total of 1336 publications were collected for analysis. Over the last ten years, the number of articles published has increased significantly. Iran, China, and Brazil are most productive countries, while Indonesia published 26 articles in this topics. Based on VOSviewer visualization, the most influential topics are related to essential oil encapsulation method. However, overlay map showed new emerged author keywords related to the application of essential oil encapsulation for food packaging and microemulsion novel technique by pickering emulsion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus diseases 2021 (COVID-19) on going situation in Iraq is characterized in this paper. The pandemic handling by the government and the difficulties of public health measures enforcement in Iraq. Estimation of the COVID-19 data set was performed. Iraq is endangered to the pandemic, like the rest of the world besides sharing borders with hotspot neighbouring country Iran. The government of Iraq launched proactive measures in an attempt to prevent the viral spread. Nevertheless, reports of new cases keep escalating leaving the public health officials racing to take more firm constriction to face the pandemic. The paper bring forth the current COVID-19 scenario in Iraq, the government measures towards the public health challenges, and the future potential health risks that may emerge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is a powerful technique used for measuring and monitoring surface deformation due to natural hazards. It combines Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) with interferometry and is used to detect small changes in surface deformation over time, regardless of weather or time of day. InSAR is extensively used to monitor and measure earthquakes, volcanoes, and land subsidence. This paper reviews the application of InSAR in earthquake monitoring and deformation analysis. The reviewed studies demonstrate the effectiveness of InSAR in detecting and monitoring ground deformation caused by earthquakes. The use of advanced remote sensing technology and data processing techniques have enabled the detection of deformation at increasingly high spatial and temporal resolutions. Additionally, the paper provides a case study of a 6.3 Mw earthquake event in 2018, discussing the fault type and displacement map generated through InSAR technology. In conclusion, InSAR is a valuable tool in natural hazard monitoring and has wide-ranging applications from structural engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One primary step in preserving historical heritage against climate change is finding how this phenomenon affects the building material's hygrothermal performance. To study the such impact, a high-resolution and reliable climate model is required. The effect of the climate model's uncertainties on hygrothermal modelling is not well understood. This paper aims to evaluate two regional climate models, ALARO-0 and REMO2015, over northeastern Iran, employing HAM simulations to obtain more knowledge about the impact of the climate model uncertainties on hygrothermal modelling. The processing of the simulation results indicates that, despite the high accuracy of the analysed models for ambient temperature and precipitation, the outputs based on historical observations are significantly inconsistent with the model-based results due to the large bias of both models for wind-based parameters. The analysis recommends that a climate model evaluation using HAM simulations should be undertaken to avoid making incorrect predictions of future climate effects on building material degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of culture in architecture is based on the idea that architectural elements, shapes, and structures reflect the lifestyle of the peoples or groups that produced them. Culture is reflected in certain elements or shapes, as in domes. The domes after the Islamic conquest were highly associated with the architecture of mosques, mausoleums and palaces in Islamic architecture. The focus will be on the eastern part of the Islamic world, which includes a number of different ancient civilizations in which Islam spread on its lands, including the region of Iran and Central Asia on the one hand, and the Indian subcontinent on the other. These regions are considered to have a cultural stockpile that contributed to the development of Islamic architecture styles. The juxtaposition of the regions in this place made it subject to the successive Islamic conquest, which transferred the culture of the Arabs to it. It was also subjected to the Mongol invasions. Therefore, the problem of the research paper is to identify the impact of cultural diversity in the formation of domes in the countries that underwent the Islamic conquest, through the interaction that took place between the culture of the place and the teachings imposed by the new religion. The temporal limits of the study from the period of the Islamic conquest to the nineteenth century. The aim of the research paper is to study the stages of development of the dome to describe the most prominent formal transformations that occurred in the morphology of the domes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofluids are suspensions of nanoparticles with a minimum size of 100 nanometers or less. A decade of investigation into this composite material's wet-spreading properties, antibacterial activity, and other unique characteristics has attracted scientific interest. Nanofluids' enhanced features and behavior may benefit many industries such as chemical and process, transportation, electronics, medicine, energy and the environment. This includes device optimization and continuous improvements. Nanofluids have recently acquired prominence due to their ability to increase heat and mass transfer. The reported enhancements in nanofluids' mass diffusion and convective mass transfer coefficients are considerably larger than those observed in heat transfer research. This research concentrates on the most significant advancements in nanofluids and their fluid flow properties and their applicability in a variety of engineering fields. This investigation focuses on current nanofluid applications in chemical engineering, biomedical engineering, mechanical engineering, solar energy, sustainable architectural design, wastewater treatment, transportation, and industrial cooling. In addition, the importance of clinical imaging including the use of nanofluids in it were investigated and the colloidal drug administration and nanofluids are covered as well. Furthermore, to further examine and evaluate the term "nanofluids" and its engineering applications in different countries worldwide from 1997 to 2022, this article analyzed Scopus publications to do a statistical representation of published works in this field. According to the results, nanofluids applications are of particular importance to India and Iran, as shown by the 2476 and 2131 published papers, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demarcation of international borders is an essential issue. Although this can manage between neighboring countries, sometimes disputes may lead to many wars and problems. However, this can be solved officially by negotiation between the two sides; the actual solution required the determination of the exact borderline with pillars' positions. Consequently, a series of positioning computations are required, followed by field works to fixing these locations practically. This procedure can be achieved efficiently by geomatics techniques. This paper analyses the delimitation of the Iraq-Iran borders according to the 1975 Treaty. To highlight the borders demarcation problems and their solutions, the case study is the Shalamcha Border crossing area at Basrah, south of Iraq. In this area, a new proposed railroad connects the two countries, which required identifying the exact locations of borderline and frontiers pillars. The available data were extracted by modern geomatics techniques based on aerial photos taken in 1975 and approval maps of the Treaty. Thus, digital aerial triangulation was used (i.e. Bundle Adjustment based on Leica photogrammetry system) to produce orthorectified images. The derived positions on these images were checked by the observations of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The final results show differences between the existing borderline and the derived one. This means that the positions of existing borderline and marker pillars do not match the delimitation in the 1975 Treaty. Consequently, there is a 220m of Iranian overstepping towards Iraq, which means the existing borderline required shifting and reconsideration in the railroad locations at border crossing points. Finally, the whole borderline is required checking and re- demarcations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In social science, semi-parametric and parametric survival models are used for event history analysis, as classical models. However, due to growing technology nowadays, collecting big data are available in this field, and classical methods are not applicable for analyzing such data. In this situation, machine learning techniques must be used. In this study, 788 individuals who referred to divorce offices in all provinces in Iran during 2017 and 2018 were selected in a cross sectional study. The main aim of this paper is finding the most important covariates in analyzing Marriage Tolerance Survival (MTS), the year which couple problem starts till divorce year, by applying Random Survival Forests (RSF) as a non-parametric complementary machine learning techniques, and Cox model using R-language packages. random survival forest with log-rank split rule (RSF1) was appropriate for analyzing MTS According to the prediction error rates (23.71 percent). According to VIMP and minimal depth of RSF1 only 7 out of 41 covariates were selected to study MTS. By fitting Cox model on selected covariates, age, CEB, marriage turn, and using social media hours had significant effects on MTS; By increasing age and CEB the hazard of divorce decreases, though by increasing marriage turn and using social media hours the hazard of divorce increases and also MTS decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, due to the geographical location of Iran, which is a seismic region, the importance of lightening buildings to reduce earthquake damage is felt more than ever. Also, this lightening and reducing the dead load in the structure reduces the dimensions of the foundation, beams and columns. The aim of this study was to compare the compressive strength of lightweight concrete containing Leca and lightweight concrete containing Scoria. In this paper, the results of 12 cubic samples of 10×10×10 cm3 cubes are analysed. The ratio of water to cement and the use of lightweight aggregates are considered fixed in both designs. Before mixing, both light grains were placed in water for 24 hours to saturate. The test results show that the use of Scoria lightweight aggregate brings the average 28-day compressive strength of concrete to about 800Kg/m2, However, due to the relatively high specific gravity of Scoria, which is about 1823 Kg/m2, the specific gravity of the resulting concrete exceeds the allowable range set for lightweight structural concretes. In contrast to the use of lightweight Leca, concrete with a strength of about 373 Kg/m2 and a specific weight within the defined range of lightweight structural concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stagnation and inflation has been the big challenge in recent Iranian economy. How the path to economic growth could be found? Regarding different models presented in the field of economic growth, the development of the financial sector is an important factor affecting economic growth. Banking sector is one of the most important sectors of financial development. The main aim in this paper is to estimate the effects of efficient bank system performance on economic growth in Iran. The data reflecting the Bank efficiency is available for a relatively short period of time from 2006 to 2014. Fortunately this data has been available concerning all 30 Provinces in Iran. So, we have used Panel Data approach to consider the effect of banks efficiency on the economic growth in terms of provinces in Iran during the period from 2006 to 2014. The results of the study, using the static effects method show that the Loans to Deposits Ratio as banks efficiency index has a positive and significant effect on economic growth in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trade plays an important role in dynamism and economic growth of countries. Most countries seek to develop trade with other countries and produce goods on the basis of comparative advantage in order to enhance economic growth. Various factors are effective on export value of Iran that it seems leading institutional indexes which can provide suitable conditions to develop export markets in Iran are highly important. In this paper, the effect of political institutions on Iran's export to trading partners in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations is explored and analyzed empirically during the time period 2000-2015 via spatial econometric approach. The research model is a regression model with panel data based on various product groups at HS-6 Digit Level of Iranian trade with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. According to research findings, a decreased limitation of exchange of goods that illustrates facilitator political institutions of exportation has positive and significant effects on Iran's export. Countries with better institutional quality have fewer limitations for export; this characteristic reduces transaction costs and provides better conditions for increased export. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the major factors influencing the rise in the cost of banking services and facilities paid by banks is the cost of the money in the banking system, which, of course, is also increasing due to a large number of reasons. Over the past years, due to the expensive banking facilities, one of the reasons for it is the rise in the price of money in banks by experts and bankers. The fluctuations in oil prices and its effects on economic growth after the oil crisis of the 1970s and recent crises are considered by many researchers. This paper examines the relationship between oil prices and the cost of money in Sepah Bank with data dating back to 1390-1381 in Iran. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient show that there is a significant relationship between the two variables of the finished price of the bank and the price of oil. At the end, appropriate strategies are presented with research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tehran tower is a 56 story reinforced concrete tall building consisting of three wings with identical plan dimensions each approximately 48 meters by 22 meters. The three wings are at 120 degree from each other and have no expansions/seismic Joints. This paper contains the consideration of the retrofitting of the Tehran tower based on the findings of an exhaustive investigation of the nonlinear performance evaluation efforts. It has tried to show the procedure followed, methodologies utilized, and the results obtained for life-safety and collapse-prevention evaluation of the building. More over the weak zones of the structure due to analysis results are introduced and appropriate retrofit technique for satisfaction related life-safety and collapse-prevention criteria is presented. Actually in this project to improve the local behavior of coupling panels which are located regularly in main walls and definitely have been recognized as the most vulnerable structural elements, making use of steel plates which are connected to concrete members by chemical anchors has been used as the best retrofitting method for this case. Therefore in the final section of this paper it has been tried to explain the professional practical method utilized to perform the mentioned retrofitting project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reinforced concrete cooling towers of hyperbolic shell configuration find widespread application in utilities engaged in the production of electric power. In design of critical civil infrastructure of this type, it is imperative to consider all the possible loading conditions that the cooling tower may experience, an important loading condition in many countries is that of the earthquake excitation, whose influence on the integrity and stability of cooling towers is profound. Previous researches have shown that the columns supporting a cooling tower are sensitive to earthquake forces, as they are heavily loaded elements that do not possess high ductility, and understanding the behavior of columns under earthquake excitation is vital in structural design because they provide the load path for the self weight of the tower shell. This paper presents the results of a finite element investigation of a representative “dry” cooling tower, using realistic horizontal and vertical acceleration data obtained from the recent and widely-reported Tabas, Naghan and Bam earthquakes in Iran. The results of both linear and nonlinear analyses are reported in the paper, the locations of plastic hinges within the supporting columns are identified and the ramifications of the plastic hinges on the stability of the cooling tower are assessed. It is concluded that for the (typical) cooling tower configuration analyzed, the columns that are instrumental in providing a load path are influenced greatly by earthquake loading, and for the earthquake data used in this study the representative cooling tower would be rendered unstable and would collapse under the earthquake forces considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A full three dimensional Navier - Stokes numerical simulation has been performed for performance analysis of a Kaplan turbine which is installed in one of the Irans south dams. No simplifications have been enforced in the simulation. The numerical results have been evaluated using some integral parameters such as the turbine efficiency via comparing the results with existing experimental data from the prototype Hill chart. In part of this study the numerical simulations were performed in order to calculate the prototype turbine efficiencies in some specific points which comes from the scaling up of the model efficiency that are available in the model experimental Hill chart. The results are very promising which shows the good ability of the numerical techniques for resolving the flow characteristics in these kind of complex geometries. A parametric study regarding the evaluation of turbine performance in three different runner angles of the prototype is also performed and the results are cited in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Any plan for modeling the components of transmission service costs should be able to consider congestion as well as loss cost. Assessing the real value of congestion and loss costs in each network has a substantial contribution to analyze the grid's weaknesses in order to release capacity of power network. As much as the amount of congestion and loss costs in the transmission grid reduces the amount of power passing through transmission lines increases. Therefore, the transmission service cost will be optimized and revenues of the regional electricity company from transmission services will be increased. In this paper, a new power flow algorithm with congestion and loss considerations of a power network is presented. Thus, optimal power flow and a multi-objectives optimization algorithm, called NSGA-II, is used in this work. The real data of Khuzestan regional power grid is implemented to confirm the efficiency of proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper probabilistic seismic hazard assessment of Tehran for Arias intensity parameter is done. Tehran is capital and most populated city of Iran. From economical, political and social points of view, Tehran is the most significant city of Iran. Since in the previous centuries, catastrophic earthquakes have occurred in Tehran and its vicinity, probabilistic seismic hazard assessment of this city for Arias intensity parameter is useful. Iso-intensity contour lines maps of Tehran on the basis of different attenuation relationships for different earthquake periods are plotted. Maps of iso-intensity points in the Tehran region are presented using proportional attenuation relationships for rock and soil beds for 2 hazard levels of 10% and 2% in 50 years. Seismicity parameters on the basis of historical and instrumental earthquakes for a time period that initiate from 4th century BC and ends in the present time are calculated using Tow methods. For calculation of seismicity parameters, the earthquake catalogue with a radius of 200 km around Tehran has been used. SEISRISKIII Software has been employed. Effects of different parameters such as seismicity parameters, length of fault rupture relationships and attenuation relationships are considered using Logic Tree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents probabilistic horizontal seismic hazard assessment of Shahrekord, Iran. It displays the probabilistic estimate of Peak Ground Horizontal Acceleration (PGHA) for the return period of 75, 225, 475 and 2475 years. The output of the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis is based on peak ground acceleration (PGA), which is the most common criterion in designing of buildings. A catalogue of seismic events that includes both historical and instrumental events was developed and covers the period from 840 to 2007. The seismic sources that affect the hazard in Shahrekord were identified within the radius of 150 km and the recurrence relationships of these sources were generated. Finally four maps have been prepared to indicate the earthquake hazard of Shahrekord in the form of iso-acceleration contour lines for different hazard levels by using SEISRISK III software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]