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People build and maintain emotional bonds throughout their entire life cycle. Their way of bonding, i.e. their style of attachment, is a consequence of the mental relationship models constructed during their affective experiences. Individuals with insecure attachment report high anxiety and/or high avoidance when establishing interpersonal relationships. These people could benefit above all from learning appropriate strategies for regulating their emotions, and thus increase their level of well-being. This paper studies the relationship between attachment and subjective well-being in Spanish young people, considering emotion regulation as a mediating variable. Participants were 126 young people (61.9% female) aged between 19 and 26 (MAge = 24.16; SDAge = 3.54). The Experiences in Close Relationships questionnaire (ECR-S), the Spanish Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24), the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) were used. Correlation and mediation analyses were performed using SPSS version 24.0 and PROCESS. The results indicate that emotion regulation mediates the relationship between attachment anxiety and well-being. Avoidance of intimacy is not related to emotion regulation or well-being. The importance of enhancing well-being in youth through emotional education is remarkable, especially among young people with anxious attachment traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to develop a "Strength-based proactive approach for building resilience in school children" under political crisis to be used by counsellors within Gaza schools to advance social and emotional learning programmes that enhance students' resilience and wellbeing. A mixed-methodological approach was used to collect and analyse the data. The qualitative methods included the data collection using literature review, (12) interviews with school principals and psychologists and (12) focus groups with parents, counsellors and teachers. The quantitative method included data collection using (619) students' self-administered questionnaires. The study population consisted of all the students of basic education grades in Gaza city. The study sample was random and consisted of (619) students. Statistical analysis was used to analyse the questionnaire and the content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. Findings obtained in this study reflected that both qualitative and quantitative methods highlighted similar strength factors that support building resilience among school children in Gaza. They define children's ability to adapt and succeed despite the difficult conditions surrounding them, child positive thinking, providing care, creating a supportive school environment, incorporating resilience topics in curriculum, engaging children in resiliency workshops, building strong relationships between school and family, joining peer groups and building good relationship with neighbours and relatives. In conclusion, this study comes as the first effort to develop Conceptual Strength-Based Proactive Approach model for counsellors in Gaza city and other cities experiencing similar political instability to apply effective approaches for fostering academic learning, resilience and wellbeing of school children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

in this study, the aim was to analyze the relationships between individuals' motivation for to participate in volunteering, personality traits and subjective well-being. Data collection was conducted through paper-and-pencil and on-line tests. A total of 153 adults, aged 17-65 years old, completed the instruments. The results showed that previous motivations differed between the two groups of volunteers. Correlational analyzes indicated that motivations, as requested by the organization, personal circumstances or life experiences, were associated with life satisfaction and negative affect in on-line volunteers; whereas that to do something useful or feelings of peace were the motives associated to well-being for volunteers who completed the test in paper and pencil. Personality traits, mainly neuroticism, showed more consistent relationships with well-being that the motivations in both groups of volunteers. Regression analyzes indicated that the facets of extraversion, gregariousness, warmth and activity were the strongest predictors of well-being for the volunteers who made the tests on paper and pencil; whereas that the facet of conscientiousness discipline and the emotional stability predicted well-being for the volunteers who completed the test on-line. These findings suggest that there are different profiles of volunteers that could be determining their participation in various activities or collectives. In addition, personal traits have shown to have a greater effect on well-being that the motivations to participate in volunteering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the psychological discourse about the subject pro-vided both by positive psychology and by self-help literature is compared. To specify the object of analysis we define a set of psychological categories and subcategories, to which we have dubbed as "positive" individualism and which cultural and historical back-ground has been analyzed in previ-ous works. Besides these categories, we analyze other aspects such as the kind of vocabulary and the type of rhetoric deployed by both kind of litera-ture to defend their arguments. To carry out these analyses we used a mixed methodology, combining the word-count technique, the ANOVA, the correspondences analysis, and key-words in context. We added a critic discussion of the texts to the data obtained. The hypothesis set out here postulate that both positive psychology and self-help literature share com-mon psychological roots: they defend the same idea of happiness in a simi-lar way psychological concepts in order to describe and explain the individ-ual, and develop analogous psychological practices and techniques aiming to help the individual to search his own well-being. We also postulate that this commonality is not shared by other psychological models, although they have a comparable interventional and practical vein, such as cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy, which we also analyze in this paper. The results obtained are congruent with the set of hypothesis here suggested. Key words: positive psychology; self-help; word-count; "positive" [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is focused on the study of body image and excess weight and obesity in Spanish children and adolescents. This investigation involved 1082 children and adolescents (541 males and 541 females) from the Region of Murcia, aged between 3 and 18 years (11.85±2.82). The instrument used was Stunkard’s silhouettes. 34% of men and 17.9% of women were classified as overweight/obese, χ2(1)=26.936, p=.001, d=0.65. Regarding body image, 61.2% were dissatisfied with their body, highlighting those who would like to be thinner (men 44.7% and women 46%). Therefore, the psychological problem of body dissatisfaction had a higher prevalence than the physiological problem of obesity. It is recommended to implement physical activity programs to improve body image and body composition of children and adolescents in the Region of Murcia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper gathers firstly, the study of psychometric validation of the Scale of Harmonic Development (SHD) (Abellán, 2011). 218 children between the ages of 0-12 years were participated in the study. The exploratory factorial analysis showed the one-dimensional nature of the scale as a whole and all its subscales; as well as the internal consistency of the measurements and the adequacy of the items, revealing the scale's usefulness as a screening test for prevention of children's development. Secondly, a first approach to the scale's validation process is presented in this dissertation, for which another 67 six-year-old children were evaluated. The concurrent validation with the scales IDB (Fundació Catalana per a la Síndrome de Down, 1998) and BLOC Screening (Puyuelo, Renom, Selanas & Wiig, 2002) conducted through analysis of correlations provided contradictory data that will be contrasted in future studies with a broader sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim was to study a new scoring procedure for the CREA Test, complementary to the traditional, that considers the originality of the productions. The new procedure and corresponding analyzes were defined for three groups (children, adolescents and adults) and for the three stimuli of the CREA. The sample included 505 participants (188 children, 108 adolescents and 209 adults) living in Cordoba, Argentina. The new procedure included three categories of questions: very frequent, frequent and unique, each categories had different scoring. A descriptive analysis of typologies and a correlational analysis of the scores were performed according to the two procedures. Also, the paper presented a case study of people asking unique questions. The results showed very high consistency of measurements and correlations between two procedures for the three groups and the three stimuli. There were significant associations between the levels of creativity defined by both procedures. The unique questions represented between 1 and 4% of the total, stimulus A is the one that most promotes the formulation of unique questions. The authors proposed to use of the alternative system in groups that obtain low scores with the traditional system and when a differential analysis of the originality is required. Authors discussed theoretically relations between quantity and originality and proposed future lines of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents CANUM, a new numerical and manual version of the Stroop interference task. The stimulus used replaces the classical color-word conflict with a quantity-number conflict, considering the interference that is also generated between the symbolic value of the number and the amount of times it is repeated. CANUM also replaces the vocal answer with a simple right-left keyboard response. The aim was twofold: firstly, to ensure a general measure of attentional control capacity not linked to the verbal factor and secondly, to widen the population to whom the test might be applied, avoiding the restrictions on reading ability inherent to the classical Stroop task. The results obtained in a sample of school children reveal a level of high reliability in terms of internal consistency, as well as a significant predictive validity in relation to two criterial measures: general intelligence and working memory capacity. This supports its usefulness as an instrument for the assessment of executive function and controlled attention applicable across a wide age range, both for research purposes as well as for clinical and educational goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an updated review of the main contributions of Psychosomatic Medicine to clinical and preventive medicine. Metaanalyses, comprehensive reviews and controlled studies were selected. Current advances in the field indicate that health care can be improved by using a psychosomatic approach that takes into account psychosocial factors affecting individual vulnerability, the holistic consideration of patient care, and the integration of psychological interventions in medicine. Consolidated evidence in Psychosomatic Medicine provides the ideal background for dealing with new needs emerging in medical practice, including chronic illness management, somatic unexplained symptoms, the shift in the role of patients from health consumers to actively health producers, primary earlylife prevention, and the appraisal of health outcomes beyond the biomedical reductionism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of the Internet has been progressively integrated into our daily lives. This has also been true for all levels of education, where virtual learning environments have been the means by which teachers, students and educational institutions managed and distributed educational experiences. However, the present design of these systems make students have difficulties in deploying their meta-cognitive skills, in addition to producing a cognitive overload due to an inadequate content organization and navigation. Thus, it is necessary to provide learning platforms with a process that allows for the adaptation of these systems to students' characteristics, needs and context in order to enhance the teaching-learning process. This paper describes an adaptive model for Learning Management Systems (LMSs) that using variables central to the learning process allows for the application of adaptive rules to the different types of contents and knowledge to be transferred and acquired. In practice, the resulting model allows to develop adaptive courses that support and promote learning and self-regulation in virtual learning environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the empirical evidence pointing that customers are primarily responsible for the results is reviewed. Two types of data are presented: (a) those which demonstrate that people successfully face problems without help: studies on resilience, spontaneous recovery, self-help or placebo effect; and (b) those which show that the users of a psychotherapy are acdve agents throughout the therapeutic process. Finally, suggestions are made on how to adapt the therapeutic practices to this new vision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thought styles have been traditionally classified as convergent or logical, and divergent or no-structured. The case of these two opposite thought styles in the design activity is studied in the present paper, with the aim of analyse their influence in the level of design creative ideas. A practical experience has been carried out, in which subjects that present a thinking style strongly logical or strongly non-structured have been selected from a group of designers. These subjects have been required to solve a design problem by using a lateral thinking design method, with the aim to determine which of these thought styles provides with better creative outcomes. Results show the values of creativity of the solutions presented by the two groups. They are analyzed by means of the AHP with ratings technique. The conclusion of the experiment is that both individuals with logical and non-structured thinking style have generated ideas with similar creative level. So, this work demonstrates in a practical way the theorization of Kirton (1978), who defended that individuals of both typologies, logic and no structured, present the same creative potential. So, the importance falls on the method and not on the individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of mood on memory for simple stimuli has been observed frequently. This paper examines the effect of mood on autobiographical memory, going to analyze (1) the presence of the mood-congruent memory effect in school memories and (2) the typical anomalies of the effect. We intend to study the biases that may affect, during retrieval, the subjective rating of relevant events in school history. We used a sample of college students assigned to different groups of mood induction. Three states (happy, sad or neutral mood) were induced by film material having emotional scenes. Memories intensity was recorded by the LIM method. The mood-congruent memory effect has been partial and asymmetric. Our results indicate that participants with happy mood tend to a greater rating of positive and negative events, whereas sad participants tend to more conservative valuations. Neutral-mood participants rated the positive events with a higher level than negative. These data suggest that the mood generates a preferred processing style which modulates the valuation of memories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper assesses the strategies for coping with health problems in advanced old age and their contribution in terms of several performance results. 159 people aged 75 or over and living at home identified their most recent health problem, the strategies used to deal with it, their perception of self-efficacy in handling the problem and their degree of satisfaction with life. The results confirm the use of a range of strategies, with the active-behavioural approach to solving the problem being the one most widely used. In addition, together with active coping strategies of both a cognitive and behavioural nature, correlational analyses indicate that very old people resort to passive and avoidance coping methods. Furthermore, multiple regression analyses highlight the fact that the use of direct and rational actions tor solving health problems predicts self-efficacy in dealing with the problem and protects satisfaction with life at this stage. These results confirm that very old people retain the ability to deal effectively with their health problems and, at the same time, uphold their well-being, providing evidence of the adaptive role of coping in very old age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overall purpose of this research was to test the possible psychological effects of the practice of Pilates and, in particular, the effect on the degree of anxiety experienced. This is a method of physical training aimed at improving postural hygiene and psychological well-being, highly recommended today by health professionals, both for people with diagnosed diseases and for prevenuve level. So far, the physical and psychological benefits associated with regular physical activity practice have already been demonstrated. However, only a few studies have investigated the specific effects of the Pilates Method. This paper examined the anxiety (state and trait) in a sedentary group and in another group of usual practitioners of this method (staff, students, and users of sports facilities at the University of Murcia, Spain). The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) of Spielberger, Gorsuch and Lushene (2002) was used to assess anxiety. The implications that the results of this work can have from the perspective of health promotion in the university are discussed, as well as its contribution to public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to determine the relationship between climate and job satisfaction in the context of a public university. Data were collected from 318 administrative and technical employees. Multilevel analyses were conducted to test the cross level effects of climate --occurring at a level of administrative areas- and individual job satisfaction. Kopelman, Brief and Guzzo's (1990) model provides a theoretical framework to show the relationships between climate and cognitive and affective states, such as job satisfaction. Results show that climate in administrative areas has a significant and possitive effect on job satisfaction, which has important implications for the development of innovative practices of human resources that encourage the welfare and commitment of employees on the building of a healthy and socially responsible organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the relationship between homework behavior and academic achievement using a sample of students from the last three years of primary education. The variables associated with student involvement in homework were the amount of homework completed, the time spent on homework, and homework time optimization, while academic achievement was estimated based on the grades in mathematics and foreign language (english). The possible effect of the course and gender when calculating the level of predictive variables concerning the homework on academic achievement was analyzed. The results indicated that the amount of homework done and the optimization of the time dedicated at homework significantly and positively predicted academic performance in both subjects. However, the amount of time spent on homework was not relevant. Finally, while gender was not statistically significant in predicting academic achievement, the course itself was statistically significant: as the course advances the mathematics achievement tends to diminish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes how the differences between father and mother in affection, promotion of autonomy, disclosure, solicitation and knowledge influence on substance use (tobacco, alcohol and cannabis) and psychological well-being (health-related quality of life and life satisfaction). The sample was composed of 10170 boys and girls aged 13 to 18 years from two-parent families who participated in 2006 edition of Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. Results indicated that adolescents whose both parents had high values for the different family dimensions used less substance and scored higher in psychological well-being. In contrast, the adjustment of adolescents whose both parents had low values for the different family dimensions was worse. Specifically, the most important dimension for substance use was parental knowledge and for psychological well-being was parental affection; adolescent disclosure was only relevant for alcohol use and quality of life, and parental promotion of autonomy for quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to test the psychometric validity and reliability of a measure of first-year university students' expectations, based on a multidimensional conception of expectations. The sample consisted of 759 first-year students, attending various academic degrees at the Universities of Vigo - Ourense and University of Minho. The value Mdn age was 19, with only 5.3% with ages above 23 years. Participants answered a set of 56 items based on seven different dimensions of expectations. Results of confirmatory factor analysis, were carried out with LISREL. Factorial validity, and factors' convergent and discriminant validity were assured. These results, along with evidences reliability, suggest that the Academic Perceptions Questionnaire presents a final structure composed of seven expectation dimensions, including 42 items: Training for employment! carter, Personal and social development, Student mobility, Political and citizenship involvement, Social pressure, Quality of education, and Social interaction. The equivalence of measurement model in the two languages and in two groups randomly derived from the full sample was also verified. The results of this structural validity study support the assessment of the expectations of first-year students in Higher Education with the questionnaire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the development of an instrument to assess the perceived quality in Early Intervention Centers (CAIT). The sample consisted of 672 users (508 women and 162 men) aged between 20 and 60 years, from 14 of the 16 centres that existed in the province of Malaga at the time of data collection. The exploratory factor analysis results shows a structure of ten factors. The obtained results are satisfactory in reliability. We conclude that the developed tool called Quality Inventory in Early Intervention Centres (ICCAIT), is an instrument with strong evidence of validity and reliability that allows evaluation, especially in CAIT, the quality perceived by users same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inclusion of people with disabilities is a priority in advanced societies. To get it, education is one of the best tools. In this paper, we have studied the support for the inclusion of students with disabilities in the university environment. Our work is related to the theoretical model proposed by the Theory of Planned Behavior and was performed by using data obtained through a survey conducted at the University of A Coruña (Spain) during the 2010-2011 academic year, to 621 students from all degrees in Education Science. The results show the importance of gender as a differentiating factor, revealing a greater involvement of women compared to men, in the stimulus of the inclusion of their university peers suffering disability. The relevance of these results increases if we consider the social impact of this higher involvement of this group (women), that is majority in the primary education, when the formation of attitudes is developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this instrumental paper, the aim was the adaptation and test-ing (if the psychometric properties of the Achievement Goals Questionnaire (. ICO) in Spanish. To this end, we conducted two independent studies. The aim of the first was to present the first preliminary psychometric data (pilot sample of 247 students). Explained the process of translation, adap-tation and content validity of items, we carried out a statistical analysis of these, an exploration of dimensional structure and analysis of the reliability of the instrument. In the second study (sample of 2168 students), the aim was to analyze the internal structure of the instrument with confirmatory procedures in three Spanish-speaking countries: Spain, Mexico, and Costa Rica. 'Hie Spanish version of the AGQ showed acceptable levels of internal consistency, temporal stability, correlation score between the items and the total score in each of the components. We also provides evidences of con-struct validity. Sex differences were obtained. These findings support the use of the Spanish version of the AGQ to assess achievement goal orienta-tions with students in physical education classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper three alternative theoretical streams to cognitivism, with particular emphasis on enactivism are discussed in order to explain the sport skill acquisition process and human control of movement. In the first part, main concepts of ecological psychology are outlined, like movement regulation, direct perception or mutual interdependence between percep-tion and action. Afterwards, using dynamical model as background, some concepts of motor skill coordination are explained (i.e., constraints or movement emergency). The next section will be focused on enactive ap-proach as a conceptual extension from cognitive science that transcends the other paradigms. From this orientation, it calls for a mind-body fusion of the athlete, which is inseparable to the environment and opposing the prevailing dualism and reductionism. Finally, some guidelines and applica-tions enactive research that are currendy being developed are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers and institutions have shown an increasing concern about how adolescents might misuse the Internet. Its psychological and behavioral impact often translate into the emergence of risk behaviors, school failure and family problems. Given the interest that this issue has generated on an increasingly wider scale, the aim of this paper is twofold: (1) to provide data to determine, from a descriptive point of view, what ex-acdy are the attitudes, perceptions and habits of adolescent Internet and social networks use and (2) a deeper understanding of the issue, contrib-uting to the design of prevention and control strategies which will encour-age a more rational and healthy Net use. On the basis of a survey of Com-pulsory Secondary School students from Galicia, which involved a total of 2339 individuals, the results obtained demonstrate the high level of Inter-net use penetration among die studied population and make it possible to gauge the magnitude of the problem with empirical data. Although the ob-tained numbers do not justify an alarmist attitude, they do indicate the need to implement specific action plans immediately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-efficacy is a personal competence stressors acts against in-creasing or decreasing the psychological discomfort they may generate, meanwhile workplace bullying or mobbing is one of the psychosocial work environment factors more damaging to the health of workers. Using as a framework the theoretical JD-R, this paper's main objective is to analyze the moderating role of professional self-efficacy between workplace bully-ing and perceived health status in a multi-occupational sample of 772 workers (379 men and 383 women). An anonymous questionnaire to workers was administered in active-duty after analyzing the data provided by the scale of workplace mobbing NAQ, Questionnaire GHQ-12 for the evaluation of the health and professional self-efficacy of the MBI. The re-sult highlights the moderating role of self-efficacy on health in workplace bullying situations. To these work results of and its possible implication in the organizations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Body image disturbance is a significant maintenance and prog-nosis factor in eating disorders. Hence, existing eating disorder treatments can benefit from direct intervention in patients' body image. This paper in-cludes a controlled study comparing cognitive behavioural treatment for eating disorders with and without a component for body image treatment using virtual reality techniques. The objective of this work was to check if both types of treatment produced a change clinically significant at the end of the treatment and the follow-up to the year, in body image, eating disor-ders and general psychopathology. Thirty-four participants diagnosed with eating disorders were treated and compared with the general population with low vulnerability to eating disorders. Results showed that only in the patients who received the body image treatment obtained a change clinical-ly significant. The implications and limitations of these results are discussed below. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally the determination of the giftedness has performed with traditional intelligence tests. The main argument to do so has been the temporal stability of this measure. In recent years some authors defend a determination early giftedness in children, although others point out that toddlers evaluation produces a significant number of false positives due to the variability in the measurement of intelligence by different factors such as plasticity, stimulation, etc. therefore proposed the use of complementary indices for giftedness diagnosis. This paper presents a longitudinal study of two years to 49 children aged between 5 and 9 years, initially identified as gifted, to check the stability of your IQ and other measures such as the learning potential and working memory. The results show how learning potential and working memory measures remain stable in time while the IQ of a group of younger children is not maintained during this period. These results indicate the usefulness of P.A. measures as a supplementary index in the determination of the giftedness on young children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ERCE Scale (De los Santos-Roig, 2009) was developed to assess patients ' beliefs about illness. They are assumed to be related to coping and health outcomes in Leventhal 's Common Sense Model (Hagger and Orbell, 2003; Leventhal et al., 1997). This model has been proved empirically and evidence about the relevant role of Cognitive Illness Representation has been found. The need of an instrument able to assess Illness Representation in our cultural setting is highlighted, because of its theoretical importance for the model but for the measure and assessment of physically ill patients, from an applied perspective. The aim of this work is to present the results about item analysis, factorial analysis and reliability evidences of ERCE and its five subscales scores. This will be presented as a continuation of first steps done (semantic definition of construct, items and test specifications, preliminary items, etc.) showed in other papers (De los Santos-Roig, 2009; De los Santos-Roig y Pérez-Meléndez, 2013). We conclude about the adequacy of items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to describe the use of relaxation tech-niques (RT) in the practice of clinic psychology care. Relaxation techniques are analyzed considering what type of technique they are and their use, go-ing from a general overview to a specific diagnosis context and treatment results. 67.2 percent of 880 clinic patients with all types of diagnosis are women and the average age is 32.79 years old. The results show that some RT has been used in 70.5 per cent of the cases being breath control the most frequent one (72.3 per cent). It is mainly used for anxiety disorders (87.8%), somatoform disorder (84.2%) and impulse control disorder (77.8%). The use of these techniques is more frequent in cases of comor-bid disorder (82.4% versus 68%). Breathe control and progressive muscular relaxation techniques are used in about 69 per cent of discharged patients. The discussion of this paper focuses on the results of using RT regardless of the diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conflict is a dynamic and complex process emotionally actived. Therefore, in order to understand conflict management processes, it is necessary to study the influence of emotional variables which surround confrontations. The purpose of this paper is to explore how mood can influence the choice of conflict management strategies. Unlike other studies that artificially manipulate emotions, this one focuses on the differences in emotional experience that occur naturally. Results suggest that moods influence the choice of conflict handling strategies. Specifically, it has been found that positive affect predicts integrating, while negative affect predicts dominating. In conclusion, it is suggested that the intrapersonal influence of emotions is particularly noticeable when people experience high-aroused affective states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has two main aims: firsdy, to explore the relationship between parental attachment in childhood and perceived quality of romantic relationships in youth; secondly, to assess the possible mediating effect of adult attachment in the romantic relationship. A total of 133 heterosexual couples (ages 17-25) voluntarily participated in the study. An online questionnaire was applied to both partners to evaluate the quality of the relationships with the father and the mother in childhood, the attachment to partner (Anxiety-Avoidance), and the perceived quality of the romantic relationship. The results showed significant positive associations between parental attachment in childhood and the quality of the romantic relationship, which were mediated by the adult attachment to partner. Furthermore, negative associations were detected between anxiety and avoidance of each partner and their own relational experience (and the other's relational experience, in some cases). These results are discussed in terms of attachment theory and their significance to the quality of the romantic relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated main characteristics of "new" homeless people vs. "old" or "chronic" homeless people. Specifically this paper presents the differences in relevant variables (quality of life, health, alcohol and drug consume) between homeless people who were homeless less than one year and those who were more than five years in this situation. Aim of that is to investigate the effect of length of homelessness and identify differential variables that permit to recognize specific needs and planning services and resources for each group and moment. Results show important differences between both of groups: higher deterioration among long-term homeless (higher alcohol and drugs consume, disabilities) and more difficulties (more rough sleepers, begging, etc.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviewed the research on the effectiveness of psychological and psychoeducational interventions to prevent depression in subjects with symptoms of depression, but that did not meet criteria for a current major depressive episode (indicated prevention). Forty-two randomized controlled trials, evaluating thirty-six preventive programs identified through the Medline, PsycINFO, ERIC and EMBASE databases and the Cochrane Collaboration of Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Group Controlled Trials Register, in Spanish and English, between 1990 and 2013, were selected. Most indicated prevention programs showed positive effects on depressive symptoms. However, they have been found to produce small effect sizes, and many of them had no effect on the incidence of depressive disorders. In addition, many of these studies had methodological weaknesses. Current findings support the need to develop preventive interventions following one model of indicated prevention, and assessing their efficacy through randomized controlled trials with adequate methodological quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to show the historical importance of the Instituto de Ciencias del Hombre for the development of psychology in Spain. The Instituto de Ciencias del Hombre was a private institution which gave support to Spanish psychology in a very crucial moment of its history. As identified in the analysis of primary sources, the Institute promoted the attractiveness of psychology in a growing number of potential customers. Indeed, while Spain was going through a political transition from dictatorship to democracy, and psychology was striving for its academic, scientific and professional consolidation, the Instituto de Ciencias del Hombre organized a number of activities which greatly contributed to stimulate an interest in psychological knowledge. The work of the Instituto, however, has gone inexplicably unnoticed by most of the historians devoting themselves to the institutional analysis of Spanish psychological history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Spanish norms for pictures in shows 15 to 20 of the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) are reported in this paper. Participants were 811 undergraduate university students (521 women), who rated the valence, arousal, and dominance of 358 pictures. The correlations between the North-American and the Spanish ratings were all highly significant and, like in the United States, the picture distribution in the bidimensional affective space, defined by the ratings on affective valence and arousal, displayed the typical boomerang shape. Our data also corroborated gender differences in aversive pictures found in North-Americans. These results are fully consistent with those obtained in the first and second part of the Spanish adaptation, and demonstrate that the standardization of IAPS in our country has been successful. Finally, our data confirmed the cross-cultural differences found in arousal and dominance ratings: Spanish participants tended to assign higher arousal and lower dominance scores to the pictures, as a whole, than North-Americans. These data support the general cultural stereotypes that exist for these countries and suggest that the IAPS might be a reliably index of cultural differences in emotional disposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alcohol is probably the most consumed psychoactive drug in the world. Controlled consumption of alcohol is common, but for many individuals this consumption becomes an addiction. The progression from an habitual consumption of alcohol to abuse of the substance could be due to the existence of a differential sensitivity, which would be genetically determined, to the reinforcing and aversive effects of alcohol. Likewise, it has been suggested that environmental factors such as stress might be involved in the onset of alcoholism, influencing on such a differential sensitivity and, ultimately, on the consumption of alcohol. In this paper it is reviewed the experimental published data on each of the elements of the relationship between stress and ethanol. Thus, on the one hand they arc reviewed the main animals models of stress and, on the other hand, we approached the study of the reinforcing and aversive properties of ethanol, including data on the influence of variables such as age, sex, and previous experience with the drug. And, finally, we present a resume of data collected from animal research on the influence of stress on the perception of the motivational opposing properties of ethanol. Our purpose is help to clarify the existing knowledge about the relations between biological factors (such as sex or age) and environmental factors (previous experience and stress), and the behavior of alcohol intake, thus highlighting the importance of some factors of risk for developing alcoholism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Setting out an analysis and definition of argumentative competence from a constructive perspective is the objective in this paper. Furthermore it proposes online forums which promote debate as an appropriate environment to develop this kind of competences. Argumentative competence concept suggested here comes from an analysis of different documents and researches about critical thinking, argumentation, competences and online forums. This concept involves at list twelve elements to group into three competences components (knowledge, skills and attitudes) to deploy in dialogic arguments that develops a critical thinking in an individual and group cognitive engagement where the topic and instructional design are fundamental. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the development of a scale to assess parental competence and resilience in psychosocial risk contexts. The research was conducted with 63 professionals from the Gran Canaria social services, (Canary Islands, Spain) over 498 cases of at-risk families. The factor structure was obtained by Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) with oblimin rotation, and the estimation method using the Weighted Least Squares with moving measurement window (WLSMW) for confirmatory purposes. The mothers scale showed a structure of five factors with 44 items: Personal Development and Resilience, Household Organization, Seek of Support, Educational Competence, and Community Competence. These factors showed good internal consistency (ordinal alpha ranging from .70 to .97). The fathers scale consisted of 4 factors with 32 items: Personal Development and Resilience, Educational and Mouse--hold Organization Competence, Community Competence, Seek of support. These factors showed good internal consistency with ordinal alpha ranging from .68 to .97. The results suggested that the questionnaire, in its double version tor mothers and fathers, captures the specificities of each parental role and showed sound psychometric properties that make it suitable for the social services field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to develop and validate an instrument to assess the problematic use of new technologies (NT) in youth and adolescents. After the pilot study, an initial questionnaire of 35 items was developed. The questionnaire was applied to a sample of 2747 students from 5th grade to 5th university degree. Results from the analysis of reliability (Cronbach Alpha) point in all cases (full scale and subscales) values higher than .70. The appropriate analyses were conducted to establish convergent, clinical and construct validity. The final results point to the convenience to reducing the questionnaire to 26 items. The factorial structure point to seven factors, one for each considered NT (Internet, video games, mobile and television), plus other three, which grouped similar behaviour in the various NT. The suitability of the questionnaire is discusses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we conduct an analysis of the client behavior focusing on the main activity that is performed in session: talking. Using observational methodology we performed a topographical study of clients' verbal behavior through the development of a measuring instrument by our research group: Categorization system of the interaction of client's verbal behavior during the session (SISC-CVC). 92 clinical sessions from 19 cases treated by 9 therapists were observed and recorded. The results show that, in general, the client mainly provides descriptive information relevant to therapy, shows acceptance and understanding to the therapist's verbalizations aiming to inform, motivate or instruct, and expresses more frequently contents related to clinical change compared to contents opposed to the objectives pursued. We can also conclude that the clients' verbal behavior varies depending on the therapeutic activity that is taking place and is independent of the problems treated, the personal characteristics of the client or the clinician's therapeutic style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the study of impulsiveness in a sample of adolescents with different types of aggression. The main research objective was to analyze whether impulsiveness varies between different aggressive adolescents (reactive, proactive and mixed) and non-aggressive ones. Two self-report measures, the Reactive and Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPAQ) and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) were administrated in a sample recollected in Madrid and composed by 400 adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age (mean = 14.8 and SD = 1.8). The results showed that reactive, proactive and mixed aggressive groups presented higher levels of general impulsiveness than nonaggressive adolescents. No significant differences in relation to cognitive and non-planner dimensions of impulsiveness were found. Nevertheless, motor impulsiveness was higher in reactive, proactive and mixed aggressive adolescents in comparison with non-aggressive ones. These results are discussed pointing out the relevance of motor impulsiveness as a discriminative factor of aggression, particularly in the context of psychological intervention with adolescents in scholar settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presenting a computer program written in VB 6.0, to calculate the difference between internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach's alpha) obtained in independent small samples and with instruments have a small number of parts or items. The comparison of reliability coefficients allow to identify possible differences in amount of measurement error in instruments; this methodology use the hypothesis testing approach for test the null hypothesis of equally reliability coefficients. This situation is tending to be common in clinical practice between psychologists or allied career, and even in the construction phases of instruments of measurement, for example in pilot samples. The proposed technique is from the work of Feldt and Kim (2006), and offers a viable and interesting methodological proposal that expands the analysis of the reliability of instruments of psychological and educational measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]