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This paper aims to study the Zionist narrative and the changes that have occurred over time ever since the emergence of the Zionist movement. The study starts with a theoretical section on comparative colonial settlement models, definitions of the novel, and its changes between the Zionist novel and others. In the second section, the study discusses the main components of the Zionist narrative, as classified by Bar-On, which are: gathering exiles in the Land of Israel, creating a regional space for Jews there, creating a contemporary reality for the Jewish community, achieving political sovereignty, and finaly the achievement of peace and international acceptance. The paper analyzes the intersections and differences in the novel between political Zionism, labor Zionism, revisionist Zionism (Iron Wall Zionism), and religious Zionism, and across time. The study ends with a summary of its findings, wondering about the possibility of the Zionist narrative continuation in light of the cracks it is exposed to, both internally and externally. The study is heavily based on Zionist references, and Jewish ones in particular, in order to deconstruct the narrative from within. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tracks the rise of German dominance since Bismarck’s unification of Germany in 1871 and during the 20th century, when the Germans used their economic, demographic, and military power in addition to geopolitical theories, particularly the vital space theory, to support expansionism. The «German question» evolved in the wake of the two world wars as the European States’ main concern was how to maintain a peaceful, powerful Germany. Following the Ukrainian war, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz declared Germany’s goal to have the greatest army in Europe, modernize military industries, and allocate 100 billion Euros for the defense budget. Accordingly, as strong Germany, historically, has always sought to dominate its neighbors, the paper examines the possible scenarios for the rise of Germany and its dominance over the European Union. What will be the repercussions of Germany’s rise on the future of the European Union and its institutions, and the potential incentives for cooperation and collaboration among European nations? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on Realism theory, this paper provides an explanation of the importance of power in International Relations, by analyzing the behavior of China and Japan in the East Asian region, and also the behavior of the United States of America towards them as the dominant superpower under the current international system. It answers the problem of the transfer of power from the West to the East, and in return supports the assumption that the Great Powers seek to possess relative power as much as possible. The paper also emphasizes that the State should not undermine or renounce its offensive power, as with Japan, because that will put it in front of a dilemma of the growing the power of neighboring States that seek to achieve regional hegemony, such as China. Therefore, all of these transformations show that international relations are a complex field and should not be reduced to a specific ideal field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The year 1787 witnessed the birth of two eminent Arab scholars who left their intellectual and literary marks on the reform currents in the Arab World as well as on Western Orientalism: Muhammad bin Ali al-Sanusi (d. 1859) and Hussein Saleem al-Dajani (d. 1858). Both spearheaded local resistance movements against French occupation at opposite ends of the Arab World and, at the same time, engaged European intellectual currents. They later became the subjects of study of famous Orientalists including the French polymath Constantin de Volney (1757-1820), French explorer Henri Duveyrier (1840-1892), Scottish historian H. A. R. Gibb (1895-1971), and the English anthropologist E. E. Evans-Pritchard (1902-1973). This paper examines how cultural contact and conflict, especially that springing from European political designs, shaped al-Sanussi and al-Dajani’s respective contributions to Arabic literary and intellectual life in the 18th century. Their lives and work show both the absorption of values associated with the European enlightenment and the assertion of a religious and intellectual identity which resists the European hegemony. The author builds largely on the work of the eminent Arab scholar, the late Ahmed Sedki Dajani, and his compilations of Arab-European intellectual exchanges about that period. This paper contrasts al-Sanussi and al-Dajani’s ideas as expressed in their own words with their significance as presented by European writers. It aims to bring to life a literary era where ideas flowed between Western and Arabic cultures without erasing the power dynamics therein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the formation of the modern Libyan state and the political, economic, and social transformations that accompanied it, from its independence in 1951 up to the period just before the disintegration of the state and its institutions due to the repercussions of the 2011 uprising. It focuses on the role played by the choices made by the ruling national elites in shaping the modern Libyan state during the two political regimes that governed Libya before the 2011 uprising: the Senussi Kingdom (1951-1969) and the Jamahiriya State (1969-2011). This study aims to test a fundamental hypothesis that the current crisis facing the Libyan state is deeply rooted in the manner in which the modern Libyan state was formed. This process was characterized by the inherent contradiction arising from the imposition of a modern nation-state on Libyan society through colonialism and a long historical trend of weakening the state’s institutional structure at the hands of the ruling political elites within both the monarchy and the Jamahiriya state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]