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The apps for drawing are present in our children's life. Nevertheless, little is known about the impact of mobile technology on the freehand drawing educational activity. There are few works which are contextualised within short periods of time, with teachers who are not theirs and, in some cases, outside the children's classroom. In this paper, we are focussed on the use of technology on freehand drawing activity. Thus, we have compared the graphics produced by 4- and 5-year-old children with paper&crayon in comparison with those with tablet-finger. Children made the drawings during a planned free-drawing activity, in their ordinary classrooms, with their teachers and during five sessions. Assessment of drawings has evidenced tablet feasibility for making graphics. Nevertheless, with the passing of time, quality of graphics (tablet-finger vs paper&crayons), are nearly matched, demonstrating the low impact level technology has on this activity. In addition, if drawings are analysed specifically according to ages, results have shown that both groups have to develop adaptation strategies of visual perceptual skills and fine motor skills for the touch screen in order to obtain the same quality in the drawings made on both support types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to explore the potentialities of an end-user personalisation platform in industrial settings. In such a context, stakeholders with different roles and competencies collaborate to manage and control an environment where legacy machines coexist and interact with newer ones. Our goal is to provide a rule-based tool that allows end-users to build personalised solutions to respond quickly to the dynamic needs of factories. We report on a case study in the paper factory domain, in which the industrial aspects identified with expert stakeholders through interviews have been simulated and addressed through an extension of a personalisation platform. A first user test of the resulting environment has been carried out with a representative set of users, and has provided useful and encouraging feedback in terms of the potentialities of the proposed approach in industrial contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine the effects that reading on screens (using digital devices with different screen sizes) and on paper have on reading time and comprehension. The study group was comprised of126 secondary students from a private school. To ensure balance, the participants were assigned into test groups, formed according to the size of the reading device, based on class levels, gender, and average school grade. In the data collection process, a narrative text was transferred to both print and electronic media. Access to the text was provided on paper and three digital devices. There were no time limitations. After reading, participants were given comprehension tests that consisted of twenty multiple-choice questions. Female participants' on-screen comprehension scores were found to be relatively higher compared to their paper comprehension scores. They also acquired better scores as the screen size increased. Conversely, male participants had higher comprehension scores on tablets and smart phones. Participants who read the text on smart phones and tablets completed the tasks in less time compared to other groups. However, the effects of reading modality on comprehension and reading time were not found to be statistically significant in either the male or female groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) education in solving real-world problems is challenging. To tackle this challenge, a project-based learning approach that integrates robots with cost-effective self-made toys to problem-solving was adopted to assist rural primary school students to apply STEM skills. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the project-based learning approach which includes lecturing and hands-on activities on primary school students' STEM learning outcomes and attitudes. An experiment was conducted with 25 primary school students who voluntarily participated in a STEM summer-camp programme. Students were asked to assemble a paper house equipped with an IoT control module and LED light switches, and write and edit robot scripts to produce a robot-based storytelling narrative using the paper house they made as a context. The results show that the project-based learning approach was an effective approach for cultivating primary school students' STEM knowledge and skills as evidenced from the post-written test. The relationships between the students' STEM learning outcomes and attitudes were also confirmed by a clustering analysis. Students who had higher learning attitudes also achieved higher STEM learning outcomes; the findings are also supported by the feedback from the open-ended questionnaire items. This study suggests that integrating low-cost self-made toys and robots in project-based learning activities is an effective and practical approach to enhance primary school students' learning outcomes and learning attitudes in STEM education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systems designed with persuasive software features can influence users to adopt attitudes and/or behaviours that contribute to better health outcomes. Studies on Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) interventions have shown how they can be used to support lifestyle changes. Meta-analytic reviews of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to appraise, summarise, and show their effects on health. To this end, we investigated the effectiveness of digital health interventions (DHI) designed for CHD and examined the impact of persuasive features in the DHIs. We performed a systematic search using three academic databases for scientific papers on CHD and digital interventions from 2010 to 2020, yielding 1556 papers. The systematic review and meta-analysis included 12 RCTs after screening. Our findings show that digital health interventions had an impact on diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, glycated haemoglobin, glucose, triglyceride, heart rate, and depression but not body mass index. We present effective interventions and insights into persuasive software features that were associated with effective DHIs. More research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of persuasive features in other contexts and other factors that can impact the effectiveness of DHIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilising User Generated Content (UGC) on social media platforms like TikTok and Facebook can establish genuine connections between content creators and their audience. However, managing and maintaining long-term brand development remains a significant challenge. Research on the mechanisms behind sustainable brand support attitudes towards UGC is limited. This paper explores whether a self-deprecating style of humour affects audiences’ sustained brand support attitudes towards social media content creators. Theoretically, this study combines Affective Events Theory (AET) and Intergroup Emotion Theory (IET) to explore how individual attitudes extend to group reactions and the sustainability of personal brands. It aims to thoroughly investigate, in the context of social media, the cognitive and emotional changes in individuals towards themselves and their groups under the stimulus of UGC self-deprecating humour, as well as the process of forming sustainable brand support attitudes. Methodologically, this study employs a covariance-based structural equation model to establish the path mechanism of self-deprecating humour expression on sustainable brand support attitudes at both individual psychology and group attitude levels. Additionally, it analyzes the limitations of self-deprecating humour in UGC, considering users with varying levels of need for cognition. Lastly, the paper discusses the theoretical contributions and practical implications of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personalisation, which tailors to individual preferences, is considered a possible route for improving engagement with digital mental health (DMH) products. Despite claims about the presence and importance of personalised features, evidence about their extent and impact is limited. The study objective was to review evidence from published research to investigate and characterise the contribution of personalisation to engagement and effectiveness.Research papers were retrieved using keywords, with 139 papers being fully examined and 61 meeting our eligibility criteria. Most of the eligible articles reviewing DMH systems have weak to intermediate forms of personalisation (45). Only nine were coded as having strong, adaptive personalisation. Of the 40 articles which evaluated the personalisation effectiveness, 28 were qualitative indicating user preference for personalised features. The 16 controlled, quantitative designs lacked a non-personalised intervention, making it difficult to determine the added value. Effect sizes calculated from available data showed minimal differences in effectiveness compared to non-personalised apps.Our review indicates mixed evidence of personalisation’s performance in DMH interventions. Generally, there is a lack of good quality evidence to isolate specific contributions of personalisation. Opportunities were identified for improved evaluation, however caution is required when implementing more sophisticated methods of DMH personalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent advances in educational technology enabled the development of solutions that collect and analyse data from learning scenarios to inform the decision-making processes. Research fields like Learning Analytics (LA) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) aim at supporting teaching and learning by using such solutions. However, their adoption in authentic settings is still limited, among other reasons, derived from ignoring the stakeholders' needs, a lack of pedagogical contextualisation, and a low trust in new technologies. Thus, the research fields of Human-Centered LA (HCLA) and Human-Centered AI (HCAI) recently emerged, aiming to understand the active involvement of stakeholders in the creation of such proposals. This paper presents a systematic literature review of 47 empirical research studies on the topic. The results show that more than two-thirds of the papers involve stakeholders in the design of the solutions, while fewer papers involved them during the ideation and prototyping, and the majority do not report any evaluation. Interestingly, while multiple techniques were used to collect data (mainly interviews, focus groups and workshops), few papers explicitly mentioned the adoption of existing HC design guidelines. Further evidence is needed to show the real impact of HCLA/HCAI approaches (e.g., in terms of user satisfaction and adoption). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computation-based aesthetics metrics have been developed to help designers predict visual aesthetics scores for GUI design. However, designers find these evaluative scores difficult to understand. This paper proposed an interpretable aesthetics metric for GUI design that integrates visual aesthetics (visual similarity and spatial proximity) and GUI structure (semantic similarity and white space) to model visual grouping distribution. Two experiments were conducted to validate the metric’s ability to predict aesthetics and interpret outputs. Experiment 1 showed that our metric had a stronger correlation with users’ impressions of GUI visual aesthetics than past metrics. Experiment 2 suggested that our metric was easier to interpret and appeared more useful to Visual/Graphic/GUI designers than a conventional score-based alternative, by visualising the metric outputs as an experimental tool. Furthermore, this paper provided five potential insights to further advance computational aesthetics research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The duality of cyberloafing is a topic that has always been debated. Considering this, the purpose of this paper is to classify cyberloafing and explore the antecedents of different degrees of cyberloafing and their different effects on job satisfaction. Using the Technology-Organisation-Environment Framework and the conservation of resources theory, this paper proposes a research model to investigate the mediation mechanism of cyberloafing. Using the partial least square method (PLS) SEM method to analyze 294 employees’ data, the results show that: (1) Work-related enterprise social media usage only negatively affects serious cyberloafing, while social-related enterprise social media usage only positively affects minor cyberloafing. (2) The impact of perceived IT control policy on minor cyberloafing was not statistically significant, while negatively affected serious cyberloafing. In terms of environment factors, the study shows that prescriptive norms and work overload have opposite effects on cyberloafing, with work overload having no significant effect on minor cyberloafing. Significantly, policy satisfaction plays a significant moderating role between environment factors and cyberloafing. (3) Minor cyberloafing positively affects job satisfaction, while serious cyberloafing negatively affects job satisfaction. Our findings provide instrumental insights into how enterprise managers manage employees to improve employees’ job satisfaction, control different degrees of cyberloafing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The amount of information we consume daily through smartphones has prompted the development of Personal Knowledge Management Systems (PKMS). However, these external memory aids can lead to overreliance and do not help to keep information in our organic memory. This paper presents the design and evaluation of MemoryMate, an app that fosters recall of saved content through interactive notifications. The app's design is based on insights from a focus group (N = 7) that inquired about people's expectations and preferences regarding the notification design. The results of a three-week in-the-wild study (N = 23) of MemoryMate suggest that notifications could trigger engagement with saved content, and two-thirds of participants felt notifications improved their memory and retention. Retrieval practice notifications with interactive tasks performed well and received positive feedback. Content priority and time since the last interaction influenced notification engagement, emphasising the need for periodic reminders to maintain user interest in saved content. We discuss potential implications for the design of PKMSs as a tool for lifelong learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On-demand work applications (ODWAs), a type of digital platforms (DPs), are technology-enabled intermediaries for gig workers. In this paper, we study these platforms and their impact on women belonging to the low socio-economic section in a developing economy. These women act as primary unpaid workers while being expected to make an economic contribution. Hence, they suffer from time scarcity where they need to find mechanisms to generate economic success from the limited time they have, in a largely informal economy. We employed the theoretical lens of affordances to delineate the affordances that are provided by the various features of ODWAs and their impact on life satisfaction of women. We conducted a mixed method study using interviews of 20 female gig workers, supplemented by a survey of 927 workers on one of the largest ODWAs in India. Our analysis points to the sense of identity and individuality that these platforms provide as well as lowering the market boundaries for greater inclusion. Our research is significant from both, the information systems and inclusion research perspectives, as it contributes to the theoretical understanding of the impact of DPs on breaking societal structures and providing avenues to marginalised sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cybersecurity Awareness INventory (CAIN) was introduced by Tempestini and colleagues (2023, “The Cybersecurity Awareness INventory (CAIN): Early Phases of Development of a Tool for Assessing Cybersecurity Knowledge Based on the ISO/IEC 27032.” Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy 3 (1): 61–75) as a proficiency test designed to estimate individuals’ knowledge of cyber threats. The questionnaire was based on ISO/IEC 27032:2012 (Information Technology – Security Techniques – Guidelines for Cybersecurity) and consisted of 46 items. In this paper, we present the results of a survey study conducted on a sample of 1511 Italian workers belonging to the same large organisation. The administration of the CAIN to an Italian sample forced us to make an adaptation to the Italian language of the questionnaire. Using Rasch analysis, we improved the CAIN by eliminating some items that did not fit the expected response patterns, leading to a newer and more parsimonious 30-item version. the CAIN score was also used as the dependent variable in a series of ANOVA designs using several security behaviours as factors. That allowed us to test its predictive validity, confirming the ability of the instrument to discriminate between different user profiles with respect to reported security behaviours. Overall, the revised test showed better performance in terms of reliability and validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research delves into the intricate interplay between mood and ethical perceptions within the context of crowdsourcing online labour markets. The study employs a carefully crafted experimental design, conducted in November 2021, involving two distinct groups: the benchmark group, serving as the control, and the treatment group, subjected to mood induction through film exposure. The benchmark group is presented with a neutral placebo film, while the treatment group is treated to a comedy film. By using OLS estimation methods, the paper provides evidence of the impact of positive mood manipulation, which remarkably enhances individuals’ ethical perceptions, fosters value co-creation, and augments the quality of their relationships with the platform. The study's findings strongly indicate that the potent effect of positive mood primarily operates through the lens of the agreeableness trait. This observation sheds light on the intricate psychological mechanisms underlying mood's influence on various outcomes within the online labour market setting. Contributions to the ethical perception, mood research and online-economy literature are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persuasive gamified systems are effective tools for motivating behaviour change using various persuasive strategies. In line with the reinforcement theory, some persuasive gamified systems employ reward and punishment in their design to achieve the intended behavioural outcome. Research has argued both in favour and against using these strategies in behaviour change applications due to mixed results with respect to their effectiveness. However, there is a lack knowledge about how interventions using these strategies could motivate or demotivate behaviours. Therefore, this paper explores the mechanism through which Reward and Punishment motivate or demotivate behaviours with respect to their strengths and weaknesses. The results of large-scale exploratory studies (N = 1768) uncover important strengths and weaknesses that could facilitate or hinder the effectiveness of Reward and Punishment at motivating behaviour change. These include their ability to engage users and make behaviour fun, reinforce commitments to goals, and reveal some consequences of bad behaviour. We also compared the perceived effectiveness of reward and punishment quantitatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reading scientific papers in portable document format (PDF)-columned formats on computer screens is sometimes daunting and unfriendly. This is mainly due to the fact that PDF-columned texts are often truncated from the top or the bottom of pages so that readers have to scroll up–down repeatedly in the same page to get the whole text read. To make the reading process as smooth as possible, PDF viewers should be designed as responsive tools with responsive layouts that should automatically adapt the amount of readable text to the sizes of the displaying monitors so that readers will not waste time in repetitive vertical and horizontal scrolling movements within the same page. Here, I discuss such a problem-solving proposal that could be implemented in PDF viewers to improve the readability of PDF-columned texts and to make the reading process as flexible and painless as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Test anxiety involves feelings of discomfort, fear and worry, impacting students’ wellbeing and academic performance. Virtual reality exposure (VRE) shows promise in mitigating test anxiety, but existing applications concern only written exams. Few VRE applications simulate one-on-one interviews with examiners, and applications for public speaking focus on formal presentations before an audience. This paper concerns a trial of a VRE application that deals with oral exams, presenting a qualitative study of a sample of undergraduate students who autonomously used the VRE application in their homes over three weeks. The application exposes students to scenarios in which a virtual examiner displays friendly, partially friendly, or unfriendly behaviour while asking questions selected from a pool defined by the student. Participants were interviewed to investigate their perceptions of and experience with the application. Thematic analysis of participants’ interviews indicates that they perceived the VRE application as valuable not only for studying and practicing oral exams but also for handling emotional aspects associated with the exam. Moreover, the application helped to increase confidence and awareness of preparation level among some participants. Finally, the paper describes participants’ suggestions emerged from the study that can be used to inform the design of this type of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotion detection and Sentiment analysis techniques are used to understand polarity or emotions expressed by people in many cases, especially during interactive systems use. Recognizing users' emotions is an important topic for human–computer interaction. Computers that recognize emotions would provide more natural interactions. Also, emotion detection helps design human-centred systems that provide adaptable behaviour change interventions based on users' emotions. The growing capability of machine learning to analyze big data and extract emotions therein has led to a surge in research in this domain. With this increased attention, it becomes essential to investigate this research area and provide a comprehensive review of the current state. In this paper, we conduct a systematic review of 123 papers on machine learning-based emotion detection to investigate research trends along many themes, including machine learning approaches, application domain, data, evaluation, and outcome. The results demonstrate: 1) increasing interest in this domain, 2) supervised machine learning (namely, SVM and Naïve Bayes) are the most popular algorithms, 3) Text datasets in the English language are the most common data source, and 4) most research use Accuracy to evaluate performance. Based on the findings, we suggest future directions and recommendations for developing human-centred systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Interaction design has been consolidated as a practice with potential to support interactive systems projects. Most interaction design solutions (methods, techniques, and tools) have been created to be used in environments with co-located participants. However, the number of software projects that are developed in environments with geographically distributed stakeholders has increased. Despite some research efforts, little is known about how the scientific literature has addressed interaction design in distributed software development (DSD). Objective: To provide an overview of studies that have been conducted on interaction design in DSD. Method: A systematic mapping study was conducted to identify, synthesise and analyse papers related to interaction design in DSD, and 32 papers were included and classified in relation to the research type and research topic. Results: Through the analysis of the included papers, this paper provides an overview of existing interaction design studies in the context of DSD. This paper presents an analysis of the main characteristics of interaction design in DSD, such as the level of dispersion of stakeholders, the solutions adopted (approaches, methods, techniques, tools), the involvement of end users, and the performance of designers and HCI specialists. We have identified gaps and a taxonomy of six research topics. The findings of this study also allowed us to propose an agenda for future research on distributed interaction design. Conclusion: This paper contributes to the body of knowledge of interaction design at the frontier of research between HCI and DSD by (i) providing an overview of research efforts on interaction design in DSD, (ii) presenting an overview of how interaction design has been conducted in DSD projects, and (iii) identifying research gaps and discuss future research directions emerged from the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Text-guided synthesis of images has become enormously popular and online communities dedicated to text-to-image generation and art generated with Artificial Intelligence (AI) have emerged. While deep generative models can synthesise high-quality images and artworks from simple descriptive text prompts, practitioners of text-to-image generation typically seek to control the generative model’s output by adding short key phrases (‘modifiers’) to the prompt. This paper identifies six types of prompt modifiers used by practitioners in the online text-to-image community based on a 3-month ethnographic study. The novel taxonomy of prompt modifiers provides researchers a conceptual starting point for investigating the practice of text-to-image generation, but may also help practitioners of AI generated art improve their images. We further outline how prompt modifiers are applied in the practice of ‘prompt engineering.’ and discuss research opportunities of this novel creative practice in the field of Human–Computer Interaction (HCI). The paper concludes with a discussion of broader implications of prompt engineering from the perspective of Human-AI Interaction (HAI) in future applications beyond the use case of text-to-image generation and AI generated art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the stress coping theory, the present paper aims to investigate the influence of users’ networking ability and profile control ability in mitigating the negativity of social media overload. This paper argues that in the social media context, instead of discontinuance, users tend to develop comprehensive strategies and practices to manage their social media usage. Via an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) study, five practices were identified, including continuous usage, reduced usage, setting adjustment, support seeking, and information avoidance. The results show that social media overload leads to both the perception of emotional exhaustion and disturbance handling while networking and profile control ability make users focus on disturbance handling. Besides, networking ability is found to weaken the relationship between social media overload and emotional exhaustion while profile control ability exaggerates that relationship. Finally, emotional exhaustion and disturbance handling both predict users’ different social media management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of computer-based tests (CBTs) has spread rapidly in recent years, as such tests offer real-time scoring and immediate feedback, facilitate the use of individualised testing methods, improve test administration and reduce test expenses. Thus, most previous studies have tended to focus on the technical advantages of CBTs and on implementation issues. However, objections to the use of CBTs have begun to surface, and the primary concern is whether the scores of CBTs and those of paper-based tests (PBTs) are equivalent. The aim of this article is to compare the scores of Korean students on computer-based and paper-based versions of the same test. We focus on the differences between the scores of male and female participants and between scores on tests examining different subject matter. Surprisingly, even though the Korean students who participated in this study had more exposure to advanced information technologies such as computers, the Internet and multimedia than did students in other countries, they did not achieve higher CBT scores than PBT scores. This finding shows that familiarity with information technology and adaptation to CBTs are distinct. We also identified a fundamental reason for low CBT scores. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Location-based games (LBG) impose virtual spaces on top of physical locations. Studies have explored LBG from various perspectives. In this paper, we leverage several of the most popular LBG (circa 2019) to identify the players of such games: their traits, gratifications, and links therein. To achieve our objective, we deployed surveys to 2390 active LBG players utilising Tondello et al.'s Player Traits Model and Scale of Game Playing Preferences and Hamari's scale of LBG gratifications. Our findings (1) illustrate an association between player satisfaction and social aspects of the studied games, (2) illustrate how the core loops of the studied games impact the expressed gratifications and the affine traits of players, and most centrally, (3) indicate a vital distinction between hardcore and casual players based on both traits and gratifications. Overall, our findings elucidate the players of LBG, their traits, and the gratifications they derive from playing LBGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the digital economy, one of the most important issues facing business managers is how to improve digital performance. However, the extant studies exploring this problem are quite limited. Based on information processing theory, this paper proposes a research model to investigate the relationship between employee resilience and digital performance, and the moderating role of enterprise social media usage. According to the analysis of data from 277 employees, this study finds that: (1) employee resilience has a positive effect on employee cognitive flexibility; (2) employee cognitive flexibility can positively influence digital performance, and the effect of employee cognitive flexibility on digital-enabled innovative performance is larger than the effect of employee cognitive flexibility on digital-enabled task performance; (3) both work-related social media usage and social-related social media usage exert a positive moderating effect between employee resilience and employee cognitive flexibility. The findings can help deepen the understanding of the relationship between employee resilience, employee cognitive flexibility, and digital performance, and give business managers suggestions on using enterprise social media to improve digital performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the different insider employee-led cyber frauds (IECF) based on the recent large-scale fraud events of prominent Indian banking institutions. Examining the different types of fraud and appropriate control measures will protect the banking industry from fraudsters. In this study, we identify and classify Cyber Fraud (CF), map the severity of the fraud on a scale of priority, test the mitigation effectiveness, and propose optimal mitigation measures. The identification and classification of CF losses were based on a literature review and focus group discussions with risk and vigilance officers and cyber cell experts. The CF was analyzed using secondary data. We predicted and prioritized CF based on machine learning-derived Random Forest (RF). An efficient fraud mitigation model was developed based on an offender-victim-centric approach. Mitigation is advised both before and after fraud occurs. Through the findings of this research, banks and fraud investigators can prevent CF by detecting it quickly and controlling it on time. This study proposes a structured, sustainable CF mitigation plan that protects banks, employees, regulators, customers, and the economy, thus saving time, resources, and money. Further, these mitigation measures will improve the reputation of the Indian banking industry and ensure its survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical training is a key element in maintaining and improving today's healthcare standards. Given the nature of medical work, students must master not only theory but also develop their hands-on abilities and skills in clinical practice. Medical simulators play an increasing role in supporting the active learning of these students due to their ability to present a large variety of tasks allowing students to train and experiment indefinitely without causing any patient harm. While the criticality of explainable AI systems has been extensively discussed in the literature, the medical training context presents unique user needs for explanations. In this paper, we explore the potential gap of current limitations within simulation-based training, and the role Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds in supporting the needs of medical students in training. Through contextual inquiries and interviews with clinicians in training (N = 9) and subsequent validation with medical experts (N = 4), we obtain an understanding of the shortcomings in current simulation-based training and offer recommendations for future AI-driven training. Our results stress the need for continuous and actionable feedback that resembles the interaction between clinical supervisor and resident in real-world training scenarios while adjusting training material to the residents' skills and prior performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how older adults interact with fitness trackers and how that interaction influences their physical activity. We carried out qualitative interviews with 22 individuals between the ages of 55 and 72 who had used fitness trackers as part of a six-week field experiment investigating the effects of feedback from fitness trackers and the social influence of their spouses. From their comments, we derived an explorative process model explaining the mechanisms and the four stages of effects arising from personalised feedback, namely, cognitive, affective, conative, and intuitive. These effects were grouped into internal and external dimensions. Three types of goal-related decisions determined whether interviewees moved from the internal responses of cognition and emotion to the external response of behaviour change. The findings from this study elucidate how real-time personalised feedback can motivate physical activity among older adults and highlight the goal-related factors that influence this effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The benefits of video games in physical education have been extensively researched (Camunas-Vega & Alcaide-Risoto, 2020; Fang et al. 2020). However, little attention has been paid to the effectiveness of commercial video games combined with basketball practice in improving students' reasoning skills (Chuang, Yeh, and Lin 2021; Rogers et al., 2020). In this paper, we present the results of an experimental study whose objective was to assess the effects of a programme that includes the use of a video game as the main learning tool to enhance the reasoning process of secondary education students in Physical Education. A total of 271 students participated in this study. A quasi-experimental pre-post design with a control group was used. The experimental group performed a specific training programme with the NBA 2K16 video game for nine weeks, once a week, 60 min per session. The results show that the students who participated in the programme achieved an improvement in deductive and spatial reasoning with a moderate effect possibly due to the use of a video game. Another conclusion was that sex differences in the spatial and deductive reasoning on the pretest disappeared on the post-test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generative language models have changed the way we interact with computers using natural language. With the release of increasingly advanced GPT models, systems are able to correctly respond to questions in various domains. However, they still have important limitations, such as hallucinations, lack of substance in answers, inability to justify responses, or showing high confidence with fabricated content. In digital mental health, every decision must be traceable and based on scientific evidence and these shortcomings are hindering the integration of LLMs into clinical practice. In this paper, we provide a novel automated method to develop evidence-based question answering systems. Powerful state-of-the-art generalist language models are used and forced to employ only contents in validated clinical guidelines, tracking the source of the evidence for each generated response. This way, the system is able to protect users from hallucinatory responses. As a proof of concept, we present the results obtained building question-answering systems circumscribed to the clinical practice guidelines of the Spanish National Health System about the management of depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The coherence, veracity, and evidence supporting the responses have been evaluated by human experts obtaining high reliability, clarity, completeness, and traceability of evidence results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Navigation services play a crucial role in everyday wayfinding. One of their key features is the turn-by-turn guidance, enabling wayfinders to navigate efficiently between locations. However, over-reliance on turn-by-turn guidance can hinder wayfinders' ability to perceive their surroundings and develop spatial awareness, negatively impacting user experience. Previous research has addressed these issues by modifying instructions, user interaction, or both. However, the applicability of these methods beyond specific studies remains unclear. This paper presents a human-centred study by evaluating an algorithm that automatically generates navigation instructions. The instructions are generated by adding route-defining locations to ‘standard’ turn-by-turn instructions to enhance wayfinder's spatial knowledge acquisition, and improve user experience. Route-defining locations, identified using a previously proposed algorithm, serve as anchors for the wayfinder to form a spatial understanding of the environment. The study involved 36 participants divided into two groups: one received ‘standard’ turn-by-turn (TBT) instructions, while the other received instructions that included route-defining locations (RDL). Participants navigated in an unfamiliar virtual environment, and their wayfinding and route learning were compared between the two groups. Results show that RDL instructions led to better wayfinding and route learning performance compared to TBT instructions, suggesting the potential to improve navigation systems and user experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trust is important for collaboration. In hybrid teams of humans and robots, trust enables smooth collaboration and reduces risks. Just as collaboration between humans and robots differs from interpersonal collaboration, so does the nature of trust in human-robot interaction (HRI). Therefore, further investigations on trust formation and dissolution in HRI, factors affecting it, and means for keeping trust on an appropriate level are needed. However, our knowledge of interpersonal trust and trust in autonomous agents cannot be transferred directly to HRI. In this paper, we present a study with 32 participants on trust formation and dissolution as well as forecasting to influence trust in an industry robot. Results show differences in dynamics and factors of trust formation and dissolution. Additionally, we find that the effect of forecasting on trust depends on task success. These findings support the design of trustful human-robot interaction and corresponding robotic team members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of information security behavioural intention (ISBI) can be complex and dynamic in different contexts. This paper aims to examine and compare different users' ISBI formalisation mechanisms when dealing with their personal affairs (non-work users) and organisational affairs (work users). Drawing on two principles of Conservation of Resources (COR) theory (i.e. resource loss principle, and resource gain principle), we developed two models to examine how situational support affects ISBI formation. The results of a study of 432 non-worker users and 261 work users indicate a curvilinear relationship between situational support and ISBI through subjective norms and risk perception for non-worker users, whilst a linear relationship via subjective norms is found for worker users. This is the first time that COR has been applied to explain the formation of ISBI. The findings broaden the research scope of individuals' ISBI by revealing how situational support affects the formalisation mechanism for different users in cross-contexts. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings and the future study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While social media has become an increasingly important channel for updating risk news and getting early warnings in the pandemic, it has also led to an information overload and misinformation which has been shown to trigger negative emotions and impact mental health. Emotional state and cognitive characteristics are crucial factors that contribute to information avoidance. In this paper, we integrate the S-S-O framework with Resilience Theory to explore the factors that influence health information avoidance and coping mechanisms during the pandemic. Our investigation reveals that perceived health information overload causes psychological strain, including health information anxiety and time pressure, which are associated with health information avoidance. Our findings also show that resilience is a significant inhibitor of the S-S-O chain. These insights have significant implications for improving pandemic management and promoting individuals’ resilience during public health emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Including children’s voices in the design of learning activities and technologies has increasingly become a subject of conversation among researchers and learning designers. Research suggests children have lived experiences that position them as useful contributors in co-designing curricula activities or technologies they will use. However, one significant challenge in participatory co-design is engaging children in the co-design of curricula when they have not yet learned the disciplinary content within the curricula. We present our two-year participatory design-based research study in which we co-designed a Critical Machine Learning educational programme with different groups of children at two after-school centres over two consecutive years. In this paper, we characterize the roles children embodied in two cycles of participatory co-design and how the program's activities impacted these roles. Findings in this study suggest that in two participatory design-based research cycles, children embodied different roles of tester, informant, or designer of both AI learning activities and AI technologies. Based on this design-based research study, we propose that a ‘slow research’ approach that emphasises trust-building and a deep understanding of children's perspectives can be instrumental in achieving meaningful co-design outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The average attention span of humans is decreasing. To adapt to the change, researchers investigate visual and auditory techniques that alter the perception of time passing. However, the auditory technique is underexplored in comparison to visual techniques, which are becoming increasingly important as voice assistants, speech interfaces or time-aware computational/robotic systems proliferate. This paper investigated the effect of pitch and interval variables on time perception. Three pitch levels (static, falling, rising) and two interval patterns (static, narrowing) for a total of six auditory stimuli were compared. Principal findings indicated that rising/falling pitch and interval narrowing, as well as their combinations, can be used to shorten the perception of time. This research contributes to a better understanding of end-users' subjective temporal estimation of auditory stimuli, which can be used to further develop audio-based interactive devices/agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the expansion of the online environment, recently, recommendation systems have become established as an essential element of any online service. Following this trend, the issue of how to present recommended information effectively to users is attracting attention not only in companies but also in the research field. This paper presents a between-subjects study that aimed to elicit whether there is a difference in consumer's attitudes towards the user-centric and content-centric recommendation approaches based on their level of psychological ownership towards the online service. Our findings indicated that users with high psychological ownership toward the online service prefer the user-centric recommendation approach, while users with low psychological ownership prefer the content-centric recommendation approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earlier research on the ways in which enterprise social media (ESM) usage contributes to employee resilience is rather limited. Using boundary spanning theory, this paper proposes a research model for investigating how enterprise social media usage contributes to employee resilience. Using Smart PLS 4.0 to analyze the survey data from 370 employees, this study found that, first, when enterprise social media is used for work and social purposes, it has a positive effect on employee boundary spanning, while the effect of social-related ESM usage on employee boundary spanning is larger than work-related ESM usage. Second, employee boundary spanning has the greatest effect on the behavioural dimension of employee-level resilience, followed by the cognitive dimension of employee-level resilience and the contextual dimension. Third, employees’ boundary spanning acts as a partial mediator between enterprise social media and employees’ different levels of resilience. Finally, it is interesting to find that individual adaptability can weaken the relationship between work-related ESM usage and employee boundary spanning, while individual adaptability can strengthen the relationship between social-related ESM usage and employee boundary spanning. The research findings suggest ways of using enterprise social media for specific purposes to increase employees’ different levels of resilience in organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing proportion of information technology (IT)/information system adoption research collects data using online surveys. However, a paucity of research assesses the equivalence of paper-based versus Internet-based surveys in collectivistic cultures. Furthermore, no theoretical or empirical research investigates how cultural differences between collectivistic and individualistic cultures influence the measurement equivalence (ME) of these survey modes. To explore these issues, online and paper-based surveys with comparable samples were carried out in both an individualistic (the USA) and a collectivistic culture (China). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to examine the ME across both survey modes in these different cultures. Results indicate that the relatively larger satisficing discrepancy between paper and online surveys causes respondents in collectivistic cultures to have an increased likelihood of providing responses that vary as compared to respondents in individualistic cultures. The disparate responses, in turn, result in increased measurement variance between the two survey modes. The findings of this study bridge a gap in the literature and address the question of how culture influences online satisficing behaviour and how that behaviour causes measurement invariance across survey modes. This study also explains the possible underlying mechanisms by which different national cultures exert their influence on survey results. The findings provide important implications for IT researchers, especially those in collectivistic cultures or those who need to collect data in collectivistic cultures using online surveys or mixed-mode surveys that include an online survey mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of social media platforms has changed human communication once and forever and consequently, has triggered an array of emotions such as fear of missing out (FoMO). In two different studies, this paper investigated individual differences, psychological and social media motivational variables as predictors of FoMO. The paper also sought to test whether FoMO will have a negative impact on academic performance above and beyond social media engagement and social media addiction. Using a structural equation modelling (SEM) along with multiple mediation analysis, the results indicated that perceived excessive social media content generation, attention seeking, and personality variables significantly predicted FoMO controlling for individual differences and social media activity such as Instagram followers, Twitter followers, as well as WhatsApp engagement level. Furthermore, the biological sex of the individual was found to moderate the relationship between attention seeking and FoMO. Findings also indicated that FoMO had a positive impact on both social media engagement and social media addiction. Parallel mediation analysis revealed that FoMO had a negative effect on academic performance above and beyond social media addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bespoke electronic system, now being used regularly across Northern Ireland to facilitate the multidisciplinary team process in its recording of the team decisions for cancer patients, is investigated. Over 80% of the expected targets for cancer waiting times are being achieved and clinical stage recording for lung cancers has increased from 67% in 2006 to 88% in 2009. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Game-based learning (GBL) is widely utilised in various domains and continues to receive interest and attention from researchers and practitioners alike. However, there is still a lack of empirical evidence concerning its effectiveness, making GBL evaluation a critical undertaking. This paper proposes an integrated approach for planning and executing GBL evaluation studies and presents its application by evaluating the effectiveness of a GBL approach to improve the Arabic reading skills of migrant refugee children in an informal learning setup. The study focuses on how children's age group, learning modality preference, and prior mobile experience affect their learning, usability, and gameplay performance. A quasi-experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted with 30 children (5–10 years old) from migrant refugee backgrounds. The results show a statistically significant improvement in their reading assessment score. The results also outline a clear impact of children's age groups on their learning gain, usability score, and total levels played. Moreover, learning modality preference and prior mobile experience both had a statistically significant effect related to usability and gameplay performance parameters. However, no effect was found on learning gain. Based on the findings, some design recommendations are suggested for more inclusive design focusing on user characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent advancements in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) technology made possible for its employment in entertainment applications, such as brain-controlled games. However, there are still many challenges to overcome in the design and development of such applications, especially when considering the interaction between multiple users. This paper presents the results of a controlled experiment aimed at comparing the performance and game experience of both competitive and collaborative matches in a multiplayer BCI game. In the experiment, sixteen subjects were divided in pairs into two groups, and each pair played a total of five competitive or collaborative matches of the attention-based game. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected to investigate key features of the subjects' interaction with both the BCI platform and the other players. It was found that there is no statistically significant difference in performance between the subjects of both groups, and between multiplayer and single player modes. Although the group playing competitively reported overall better scores for game experience, there was no statistically significant difference between groups. There were significant correlations between performance and positive aspects of game experience for both modes, and multiplayer matches were significantly shorter than single player ones, although this effect could not be attributed to the mode of interaction alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While there is a growing body of literature on information privacy suggesting different mechanisms of how people's privacy concerns might be impacting their attitudes and behaviour when using social media, recent questionable data use practices by social media platforms and third parties call for a renewed validation of existing information privacy models. The objective of this research is to re-examine the variables predicting why people disclose information on social media. Building on previous work, this paper puts forward a comprehensive Privacy Concerns and Social Media Use Model (PC-SMU) and evaluates it in a specific cultural and legal environment (social media users from a single county, Canada). The study delves into the privacy paradox and shows that the benefits of using social media are the main driver of self-disclosure, and that self-disclosing behaviours are nuanced by the users' information privacy protection strategies. We also find that higher levels of social media literacy, and concerns about organisational threats to a lesser extent, lead to higher levels of information privacy management, emphasizing the importance of educating users about how to use the different privacy and security features provided by social media platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. The reading of music text from a computer screen was compared to paper in a laboratory controlled study. Computer-based animated score tracking devices of three types were tested, as well as a static screen representation of the music text and its paper-based counterpart. A proof-reading exercise was given to subjects, which involved them listening to pieces of music and identifying intentional errors in the score. Their subjective views were also recorded. No significant difference between the five presentation styles were apparent in the proofreading study. However, subjects showed a significant preference for animation over paper and static representation. The most popular style of animation was where each note on the score was marked in time to the music. The medium of paper performed better overall than the static screen representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is aiming to present two studies investigating attitudes of older people towards different technologies to break their social isolation and investigating the impacts of Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) on physical and mental dimensions. The first study, based on focus groups conducted with 23 older people (aged from 65 to 93 years-old) allowed to collect attitudes and opinions of older people about different technologies to help them to break social isolation. The second study, based on an experiment conducted with 42 older people (aged from 63 to 85 years-old) allowed to investigate the impact of a specific Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) on physical and mental dimensions. The first study confirm that Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) can be a relevant digital tool for elderly people according to them, i.e. a digital tool perceived as useful, usable and acceptable. The second study demonstrates that use of a specific Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) system can reduce the perception of social isolation and can have positive impacts on physical dimensions such as the weight and the waist circumference. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data science education has gained momentum in recent years. Along with the development of curricula to teach data science, the number and diversity of tools for introducing data science to learners are also multiplying. The tools used to teach data science play a central role in shaping the learning experience. Therefore, it is important to carefully choose which tools to use to introduce learners to data science. This article presents a systematic analysis of 30 data science tools that are, or designed to be, used in introductory data science education for K-12 students. The identified tools list includes spreadsheets, visual analysis tools, and scripting environments. For each tool, we examine facets of its capabilities, interactions, educational support, and accessibility. For block-based programming tools, we also examine the data science functionalities available in that tool’s blocks. This paper advances our understanding of the current state of introductory data science environments and highlights opportunities for creating new tools to better prepare learners to navigate the data-rich world surrounding them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When a task is repeated, it becomes part of procedural memory. This type of memory dedicated to movement is called ‘muscle memory’, which allows one to perform actions unconsciously. Within the context of social media, muscle memory builds up if one uses SM applications frequently. In this paper, we investigate the effects of muscle memory within Instagram, and report the following findings: We designed a user study examining the speed and accuracy of using a newly changed interface which showed slower reaction time and more errors. Combining these results with users' perceived feelings lead us to conclude that in specific UX interface changes muscle memory can be applied as a dark pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the multi-dimensional nature of Internet Addiction (IA) and its influence on Well-Being (WB) amongst a representative sample of 320 young urban Indian internet users. Nine hypotheses are proposed through a conceptual model to assess the multi-dimensional nature of IA and its relationship with WB. Partial Least Squares – Structure Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was conducted to assess the hypothesised relationships. Of the proposed nine hypotheses, seven were accepted. The result indicated IA as a four-dimensional construct – Internet Control Disorder (ICD), Internet Craving (IC), Internet Obsession (IO), and Addictive Behaviour (AB). The findings supported that ICD positively and significantly influences IC. IC and AB both have a significant impact on IO. ICD and IC have a significant impact on the individual's AB. ICD and IO significantly influence WB. With respect to the dimensions IC, AB, and IO, the model is successful in explaining around 26%, 45%, and 33% of the variation. IA as a multi-dimensional phenomenon and its relationship with WB in a young-demographic nation like India has immense academic and societal value. The study provides critical actionable insights for users, educators, health counsellors, parents, and policymakers regarding interventions for controlling internet addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant proportion of smartphone notifications are indicative of human behaviour (e.g. delivery updates for purchased items, physical activity summaries, and notification of updates to subscribed content). However, present attempts to understand human behaviour from smartphone traces typically focus on sensors such as location, accelerometer and proximity, overlooking the potential for notifications as a valuable data source. In this paper, we propose a general framework that provides end-to-end processing of notifications to understand behavioural aspects. We realise the framework with an implementation that tackles the specific use case of establishing prior buying behaviour from associated notifications. To evaluate the framework and implementation, we conduct a longitudinal user study in which we collect more than 250, 000 notifications, from twelve users, over an average of three months. We apply knowledge-based and machine learning techniques to those notifications to assess the tasks of the proposed framework. The results show a substantial difference in the performance between the methods used to extract behavioural features from the collected notifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a comparative mixed methods study of the accessibility and usability for disabled people of four video conferencing tools, Zoom, MS Teams, Google Meet and Skype. Useable responses were obtained from 81 disabled people with diverse characteristics, mainly in the UK, though some groups had low representation. None of the tools was considered fully accessible and useable. Zoom was both the most commonly used and the most frequently preferred (56.1%) tool, with MS Teams second in usage and a trailing second in preferences (15.9%). It was considered to have better captioning, but otherwise to generally be a poor second to Zoom. Skype was the most commonly used before lockdown, but was considered dated and its limited use was mainly social, whereas the other tools were also used in work and education. The results were used to draw up separate lists of recommendations for developers and meeting organisers and hosts, as the study also identified actions for organisers and hosts to improve meeting accessibility. Developer recommendations include several easy to set customisation and user friendly interface features, involving disabled people and specific accessibility features, including compatibility with assistive technology, keyboard shortcuts for all functions and automatically-on high quality captions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]