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2. Enhanced Conceptual Model for Spatial References in Works of Fiction: Mapping Vilnius Literature.
- Author
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Beconytė, Giedrė, Snežko, Julija, Balčiūnas, Andrius, and Vidugirytė-Pakerienė, Inga
- Subjects
- *
CONCEPTUAL models , *COMPUTER input design , *CONCEPT mapping , *FICTION , *WEB-based user interfaces , *BIOGRAPHIES of authors - Abstract
This paper presents a data model developed during the project of mapping the literature of Vilnius, capital of Lithuania. The city has for centuries been an important place for Lithuanian, Polish, Jewish and Russian culture. Various literary texts reflect different spatial conceptualizations. The diversity of spatial references in the literature of Vilnius calls for a comprehensive literary database that would store the different types of spatial references: locations, zones, routes, spatial links and events, related both to literary spaces and to authors' biographies. For this purpose, a data model proposed by previous researchers has been modified and enhanced. A Web GIS application was designed for the input of geographic data. The elaborated conceptual model is not limited to Vilnius literature. It can readily be applied to any work of fiction or biography depending on the academic interests of the researcher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. DTM Generalisation: Handling Large Volumes of Data for Multi-Scale Mapping.
- Author
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Chaudhry, Omair Z. and Mackaness, William A.
- Subjects
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MAPS , *GEOGRAPHY , *GENERALIZATION , *ALGORITHMS - Abstract
Map generalisation is a modelling process in which it is typical that detailed, high dimensional geographic phenomena are reduced down to a set of 'higher order', yet more generalized set of phenomena (for example, a large cluster of buildings is reduced to 'city'). This process of generalisation necessarily requires us to handle large volumes of data which results in high processing overheads. One way of managing this is to partition the data. When geographically partitioning data, we need to partition in such a way that each partition can be generalized without having to consider regions outside any given partition. The focus of this paper is to explore partitioning and generalisation methodologies that can be applied to digital elevation data - the ambition being to derive generalized descriptions of morphology at the National Scale (for the UK). The paper describes and compares two solutions to this problem, and demonstrates how it is possible to apply generalisation algorithms to national coverages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] - Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Measuring Map Complexity.
- Author
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Fairbairn, David
- Subjects
- *
MAPS , *GEOGRAPHY , *CARTOGRAPHY , *ENTROPY , *THERMODYNAMICS - Abstract
In this paper, issues of complexity and their application to cartographic practice and enquiry are addressed. After an initial discussion of the nature of complexity and its fitful study in cartography over recent years, an assessment is made of the potential for quantifying map complexity. A series of practical tests was devised and is described. These consider a wide range of metrics, including spatial statistical measures, entropy and image-based indices. Their application to both raster and vector mapping is investigated. Data compression shows promise as an index which can be used to characterize the graphical variation within the map face. The nature of digital data compression is described, with reference to raster map representations, and it is determined that a data-compression ratio can act as a simple and effective complexity measure. The paper concludes by listing some of the reasons why complexity, as measured by data compression, could be used in cartographic practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Weight-Setting and Quality Assessment in Simultaneous Graphic Generalization.
- Author
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Harrie, Lars
- Subjects
- *
CARTOGRAPHY , *MAPS , *GRAPHIC methods , *GENERALIZATION , *GEOGRAPHY - Abstract
Cartographic generalization aims at simplifying the representation of data to suit the scale and purpose of the map. This paper deals with a method that implements the whole graphic generalization process (roughly defined as the operators simplification, smoothing, exaggeration and displacement) called simultaneous graphic generalization. This method is based on constraints, i.e. requirements that should be fulfilled in the generalization process. The constraints strive to make the map readable while preserving the characteristics of the data, which implies that all constraints cannot be completely satisfied. This study was concentrated on finding the optimal compromise between the constraints in simultaneous graphic generalization by setting weights for the constraints. Four strategies for determining the weights are described and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The discussion is based on the following assumptions: the constraints are independent, and the weights are only dependent on constraint type and object type. A comparison of the strategies reveals that the strategy constraint violation is the most promising. One advantage with this strategy is that it is related to the quality requirements of the map, and another advantage is that it provides a numerical measure for quality assessment. The paper concludes with a case study of the constraint violation strategy, in which visualization of the numerical quality measure is used. The case study shows that the constraint violation strategy gives a sound compromise between the constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Cartographies of Fictional Worlds.
- Subjects
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CARTOGRAPHY , *GEOGRAPHY in literature , *GEOGRAPHY , *FICTION ,EDITORIALS - Abstract
In this article the authors reflect on what they consider a relatively unknown field in cartography - the concept of literary geography or what they call geography of fiction. They explain the difference between literary geography and literary cartography, pointing out that both are related logically, with the latter being a subdiscipline of the former. They cite the contributions of the papers included in this issue, to the discussion of the subject of geography/cartography of literature.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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7. British Cartography: Its Emergence as a Distinct Discipline from the Science of Geography with Emphasis on the Period from 1951 to 1991.
- Author
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Board, Christopher
- Subjects
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GEOGRAPHY , *CARTOGRAPHY , *ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. - Abstract
How British cartography, conventionally regarded as an integral aspect of British Geography, became a distinct discipline. The role of military officers and academic geographer/cartographers in this process is discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] - Published
- 2011
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8. How Many Volunteers Does it Take to Map an Area Well? The Validity of Linus' Law to Volunteered Geographic Information.
- Author
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Haklay, Mordechai (Muki), Basiouka, Sofia, Antoniou, Vyron, and Ather, Aamer
- Subjects
- *
GEOGRAPHY , *DATA quality , *ACQUISITION of data , *QUALITY assurance , *QUALITY , *LAW - Abstract
In the area of volunteered geographical information (VGI), the issue of spatial data quality is a clear challenge. The data that are contributed to VGI projects do not comply with standard spatial data quality assurance procedures, and the contributors operate without central coordination and strict data collection frameworks. However, similar to the area of open source software development, it is suggested that the data hold an intrinsic quality assurance measure through the analysis of the number of contributors who have worked on a given spatial unit. The assumption that as the number of contributors increases so does the quality is known as 'Linus' Law' within the open source community. This paper describes three studies that were carried out to evaluate this hypothesis for VGI using the OpenStreetMap dataset, showing that this rule indeed applies in the case of positional accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] - Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. ICA Research Agenda on Cartography and GI Science.
- Author
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Virrantaus, Kirsi, Fairbairn, David, and Kraak, Menno-Jan
- Subjects
- *
RESEARCH , *CARTOGRAPHY , *GEOGRAPHIC information systems , *INFORMATION science , *GEOGRAPHY , *SOCIETIES - Abstract
The paper presents the ICA research agenda on Cartography and GIScience. The first part discuses the research topics and the second part deals with the 'implementation' of the agenda by the ICA Commissions and Working Groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Cartographic Representation of the Sonic Environment.
- Author
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Papadimitriou, Kimon D., Mazaris, Antonios D., Kallimanis, Athanasios S., and Pantis, John D.
- Subjects
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SOUND , *SOUND pressure , *INTERPOLATION , *SPATIO-temporal variation , *GEOGRAPHY , *CARTOGRAPHY , *ENVIRONMENTAL education , *URBAN planning - Abstract
The description of the landscape is based on the visualization of geographic features and the representation of their attributes. Although sound is a major component of any environment, its cartographic representation is limited mainly on noise mapping and in urban or sub-urban areas. Soundscape is a term that describes the acoustic relation between the environment and the individual in a landscape context, considering all kinds of interactions between space, sound and humans. The representation of the soundscape at a spatial level would support many applications such as geographic analysis, ecosystem evaluation, environmental education, landscape management, urban or rural planning and protection of sonic particularities. This paper proposes a methodology for the mapping of both quantitative and qualitative attributes of a rural soundscape, which is described through the study of the acoustic environment around a protected wetland in Greece. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Multi-scale Rendering with Geometry Collapse and a Symbol Knowledge Base.
- Author
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Choi, Jinmu and Hwang, Chul-Sue
- Subjects
- *
GEOMETRY , *GENERALIZATION , *KNOWLEDGE base , *GEOGRAPHY , *ALGORITHMS , *MAPS - Abstract
This paper discusses a novel methodology for multi-scale rendering of geographic features depending upon changes in visual scale. The methodology consists of geometry collapse and a symbol knowledge base. Two collapse algorithms are implemented: polygon to point and polygon to line. In particular, we develop a partial collapse algorithm for linear features. A river is represented by lines and polygons depending on the width. To render features with scale changes, a symbol knowledge base is designed to specify scale ranges and symbols for each feature. Finally, a multi-scale rendering tool is developed and applied to the map of Camp Lejune, NC. The symbols in the knowledge base can be accumulated and adapted for various mapping applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Cinema's Mapping Impulse: Questioning Visual Culture.
- Author
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Castro, Teresa
- Subjects
- *
MOTION pictures , *MOTION picture industry , *MAPS , *GEOGRAPHY , *CARTOGRAPHY , *CULTURE - Abstract
This paper explores the links between cinema and cartography, focusing on the notion of a 'mapping impulse'. The 'mapping impulse' is less about the presence of maps in a certain visual landscape and more about the processes that underlie the understanding of space. In our analysis, we will therefore pay less attention to the symptomatic presence of maps in films, focusing instead on what we call 'cartographic shapes': panoramas, atlases and aerial views. The point of the matter is that a strong visual and rhetorical connection between cinema and cartography is not as surprising as it might initially appear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Applying the Theatre Metaphor to Integrated Media for Depicting Geography.
- Author
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Cartwright, William
- Subjects
- *
THEATER , *PERFORMING arts , *DRAMA , *MASS media , *GEOGRAPHY - Abstract
Most users cannot experience actual events in situ, so they use maps to visualize where they take place. But, maps alone are not enough to appreciate the realities that one would experience by actually being there. The ability to be informed about 'real reality' is impossible. How might individuals better understand what it is like to actually live in a place, to endure hardships, or to enjoy the pleasures provided in a particular landscape. It is argued that through the use of the theatre metaphor, rich media artefacts can be provided as adjuncts to maps, whereby their use can provide users with experiences related to the emotional and experiential background information that 'hides' behind the map representation of geography. These theatre-guided artefacts can provide powerful insights into places when cinema is applied to telling 'stories' about geography, through personal and collective stories. This additional representation of geography extends typical geographical information displays by making the visualizations more personal, and thus providing a deeper representation of geography. As well, these artefacts can be built according to models of storytelling, whereby the resultant film can be used to portray the emotive elements in representations and give credibility to information that is not usually available through 'standard' mapping techniques. This paper explores how the Theatre metaphor can be employed to enable everyday activities, life in general and items specific to certain topics, to be depicted in ways that allow viewers/users to go deeper into the meaning behind representations of geography. Artefacts produced can complement and enhance the 'surface' geographical representation that maps offer. By integrating geographical artefacts designed and produced under the umbrella of the Theatre metaphor with the map metaphor, users can be provided with a more powerful integrated media tool than if a 'just maps' approach was followed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Observations Italian Composite Atlases and a Belgian Undescribed Copy.
- Author
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De Wolf, Nele and De Maeyer, Philippe
- Subjects
- *
ITALIAN atlases , *CARTOGRAPHY , *MAPS , *GEOGRAPHY - Abstract
Although Italian composite atlases of the 16th century are seldom mentioned in the literature on historical cartography, these collections are very important for preserving a large number of maps that might otherwise be lost forever. With this paper we want to realize a few things: bringing those atlases back into the spotlight, focusing attention on the need for more research and collaboration on this subject, and last but not least we will reveal the story and the content of a composite atlas not known yet to most authors who are trusted with the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Why Maps Matter in GIScience.
- Author
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Kraak, Menno-Jan
- Subjects
- *
MAPS , *CARTOGRAPHY , *CARTOGRAPHIC materials , *TOPOGRAPHIC maps , *GEOGRAPHY - Abstract
Presents insights about the role of maps in Geo-Information Science and visualization. Importance of maps which have the ability to present a selection of the complexity of reality and visualize it in an abstract way; Developments and trends in the discipline which include the use of associated methodology including both hardware and software; Usefulness of paper maps, specially topographic maps, and its impact on traditional cartographic organizations.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Truth and Accountability in Geographic and Historical Visualizations.
- Author
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Wallace, Timothy R. and Van den Heuvel, Charles
- Subjects
- *
CARTOGRAPHY , *HISTORICAL geography , *GEOGRAPHY , *COMPUTERS , *MAPS - Abstract
The research project Paper and Virtual Cities, financed by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and carried out by the Universities of Maastricht and Groningen, is developing new methodologies for the use of historical geographic sources in computer-assisted cartography. Manuscript and printed maps, atlases and other related texts are some of the sources we consider. One concept that is of particular interest at the onset of this project is that of the representation of 'truth' in geographic and historical visualizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Alternative Visualization of Large Geospatial Datasets.
- Author
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Koua, Etien L. and Kraak, Menno-Jan
- Subjects
- *
GEOGRAPHIC information systems , *SELF-organizing maps , *GEOGRAPHY , *ALGORITHMS , *INFORMATION resources management - Abstract
Exploring large volumes of geospatial data is difficult. This paper presents an approach that combines visual and computational analysis to make this process easier. This approach is based on the effective application of computational algorithms, such as the Self-Organizing Map (SOM). These are used to uncover the structure, patterns, relationships and trends in the data, and for the creation of abstractions where conventional methods may be limited. In addition, graphical representations are applied to portray extracted patterns in a visual form that allows for better understanding of the derived structures and possible geographical processes, and should facilitate knowledge construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. National Atlas of Slovenia: Current Trends and Future Opportunities.
- Author
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Fridl, Jerneja
- Subjects
- *
ATLASES , *MAPS , *GEOGRAPHY - Abstract
In this paper, I wish to present briefly the development of the national atlas of Slovenia, its content scheme and cartographic and technical solutions, as well as the plans for publishing the atlas on a CD-ROM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Tactile and Audio-Tactile Maps within the Canadian 'Government On-Line' Program.
- Author
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Siekierska, Eva and Müller, Anita
- Subjects
- *
MAPS , *CARTOGRAPHY , *TOUCH , *ONLINE information services , *GEOGRAPHY - Abstract
The internet provides almost unlimited opportunities for accessing information and on-line services. The government of Canada is restructuring its services to take advantage of this medium. While web-based distribution of visual maps has been a reality for several years, production of maps for people with special needs poses new challenges, as additional accessibility requirements have to be met. This paper shares the Canadian experience of developing accessible tactile and audio-tactile maps for blind and partially sighted people. 'Government On-Line' involves partnerships between government departments to develop a portal specifically tailored to providing information and services for people with disabilities, their families, care givers and service providers. The Mapping for Visually Impaired Web site is an integral part of this broader initiative providing tactile maps for education, mobility training, transportation and tourism. Additionally a Web-4-All project will facilitate learning about Canada's geography and improve mobility options for blind and partially sighted people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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