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Our study developed the one-step catalytic cracking conceptual design using a two-stage riser reactor (OSCO). Molecular-level process models and multi-objective optimization strategies are also carried out. Results show that the OSCO process exhibits superior techno-economic, society, people's livelihood, and environmental performance. [Display omitted] • A novel process is proposed to crack naphtha, kerosene, diesel and heavy oil in the two-stage riser reactor efficiently. • A novel integration model of mixed fraction structure and molecular level is proposed. • The multi-objective optimization strategies using systematic solution algorithm are performed. • The novel process shows superior techno-economic, society, people's livelihood, and environmental performance. With the demand for vehicle fuels (i.e., gasoline and diesel) is expected to decline soon, crude oil to chemical technology exhibits great potential to drive the next industry transition. This megatrend has led to studies on maximizing the production of low-carbon petrochemicals at the cost of fuels, which requires aggressive ways of converting oil into chemicals in a clean and efficient pattern. Herein, we proposed a novel process, termed OSCO, to crack naphtha, kerosene, diesel and heavy oil in a two-stage riser reactor efficiently, which can perform several refining procedures in the two-stage riser reactor vessel. A novel integration model of mixed fraction structure and molecular level is proposed. The multi-objective optimization strategies are also carried out to solve the optimization problem. As a result, the OSCO process can stably convert untreated heavy Daqing crude oil into light olefins with total yields of ethylene and propylene over 33 wt%, which also exhibits superior techno-economic, society, people's livelihood, and environmental performance. These insights may have a positive pushing role in engineering design, process intensification, and the optimization of direct catalytic cracking of crude oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]