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Objective This paper discusses the quality requirements of ethane for the production of ethylene to determine the different quality requirements of ethane for different utilization and transportation ways, and further discusses the detection methods of different quality indicators of ethane in order to provide technical support for the relevant industry producing ethane from natural gas.Methods This paper mainly refers to the quality requirements of ethane products in the American Gas Processing Engineering Data Manual (GPSA) and the PetroChina enterprise standard of Q/SY 01027-2019 Technical specification of ethane extracted from natural gas. Based on these two documents, the quality requirements and indexes of gaseous and liquid ethane products in China were studied and discussed intensively, respectively. Results The ethane products may be divided into three classes according to their gaseous and liquid characteristics. Ethane products come from natural gas, so it is appropriate to use natural gas sampling method for sampling and to use related analysis and test standards of natural gas for its main quality determination. Conclusions At present, there are no national or industrial standards for ethane products in China. It is suggested that the relevant departments should faciliate the development process of national or industrial standards for ethane products to uniformly regulate the quality indicators, classification, inspection rules and delivery acceptance of ethane products. And then it can provide technical support for the implementation of ethane recovery projects, as well as promote the establishment of China’s ethane market and production system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The aim is to comprehensively understand the research status and application trends of oily drilling sludge at home and abroad. Methods Based on China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science (WOS) databases, this paper searched literature relating to oily drilling sludge research from 2007 to 2021, and adopted bibliometric method in analysis from multiple perspectives. Results The number of papers published in Chinese and English was rising from 2007 to 2021 while the former was higher than the latter. The funded projects with the largest number of publications globally were the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The influential institutions at home and abroad were China University of Petroleum (East China) and King Fahd University of Petroleum and Mineral Resources in Saudi Arabia. Researchers from China were highly active in this field, while the United States still takes the international leading position. Domestic research focused on drilling technology and petroleum sludge treatment, while studies aboard paid more attention to drilling materials and polluted water treatment. We also concluded that the studies on resource utilization of drilling mud was inadequate. Conclusions The resource utilization of oily sludge has become a research hotspot currently. Further, the harmless treatment and resource utilization of oily sludge for greening planting soil could be regarded as an important research and development direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China’s marine environment has enormous volumes of oil and gas (O＆G) resources and immense “blue carbon” potential. In the 14th Five-Year Plan, developing the marine economy, using marine resources, and protecting the marine ecological environment are one of China’s important socioeconomic development goals. However, the relationship between the exploitation of offshore O＆G resources, the protection of the marine ecosystem, and the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality has not been fully elucidated. This study expounds on the importance and vulnerability of marine ecosystems. Then it combines the status of offshore O＆G exploration and exploitation to present a conceptual model of offshore O＆G-ecology carbon feedback cycle, the pathway of deep connection, and the necessity of synergic development in carbon neutrality process. This paper advocates strategies such as closer combination of marine protection with offshore O＆G design and development, evaluating the carbon budget in the regional ecological assessment and developing low-carbon green oilfield materials to improve the sustainable development and utilization scheme of marine resources. This study aims to provide scientific and theoretical support for relevant institutions and promote in-depth collaboration across marine departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous increase of shale gas production in China, the associated water production is also increasing, which is the mixture of the water used for hydraulic fracturing and the brine retained in shale formation. During the treatment of produced water, valuable elements such as lithium, potassium and bromine are further enriched and concentrated. especially lithium. resources, which has broad prospects for development and utilization, and can alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of strategic resource lithium in China. In this paper, the shale gas resources in Sichuan are introduced and summarized mainly. And the ion content in the produced water of shale gas in Weiyuan and Changning areas in southern Sichuan is listed respectively. At present, the produced water volume of each well in Weiyuan and Changning is 19 800 m³ and 15 293 m³ respectively, and the lithium content in most of the produced water is 10, 62-58, 96 mg/L, which has high economic utilization value. The reserves and prospects of lithium resources in the produced water of shale gas are predicted. The applicability of extraction method, membrane separation method and adsorption method to the extraction of lithium in shale gas produced water are summarized, which provides the reference for the comprehensive utilization of lithium resources from shale gas formation in southern Sichuan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural gas is a low-carbon and clean energy, and the demand is growing under the background of achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutralization in China. Natural gas purification is an important part of the development of conventional gas fields. The optimal operation of natural gas purification device, energy conservation and emission reduction, and green energy business expansion are of great significance for promoting natural gas production and green and low-carbon development of the industry. Taking the natural gas purification plants of PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas field Company, which is the earliest in China, the largest in scale, advanced in process technology, fully equipped and highly automated, as an example, the operating status of the existing units and the challenges facing the difficult control of product gas quality indicators and rising operating costs were analyzed. In combination with the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutralization, this paper gives the specific directions and suggestions on how to increase processing capacity, improve emerging technologies, continue energy conservation and emission reduction, innovate control systems and carry out carbon capture, utilization and storage and green energy business expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The object of natural gas energy measurement is the total heat quantity generated after complete combustion. The energy value of natural gas is usually determined by multiplying the measured value of volume by the volume calorific value, and the volume calorific value depends on the composition of natural gas, that is, the mole fraction of each component in natural gas. The composition of natural gas in multi-gas source pipeline network usually changes with space position and time, thus each metering station of the pipeline network needs to determine the volume calorific value of natured gas input or output from the station at different times. Class A metering stations of long-distance pipelines in China are equipped with on-line gas chromatograph to analysis the calorific value of natural gas, while class B and class C metering stations can use simulation method to assign value to the calorific value of natural gas, so as to reduce the investment, operation and maintenance cost of configuring gas chromatograph. Methods Based on the theoretical basis of pipeline network simulation for energy measurement, aiming at a multi-gas source annular pipeline network, this paper est,1blishes the operation simuh1tion model with the functions of natural gas component tracking and calorific value calculation by using TGNET and SPS simulation software. In order to improve the accuracy of simulation results, the gas transmission efficiency of pipe section, a key parameter in the simulation model, is calibrated based on historical operation dat a. Results TGNET and SPS models are respectively used to dynamically simulate the historical operation process of the pipeline network for 48 hours. The deviation between the calorific value simulation result of TGNET model and the historical value is within 0. 3%. Conclusions The energy measurement of multi-gas source annular pipeline network based on operation simulation is a feasible method. The research results provide an operable method for the implementation and popularization of natural g,1s energy measurement in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Solve the up-to-standard emission problems of SO2 in flue gas of sulfur recovery unit of domestic small and medium-sized natural gas purification plant, and the short-term excessive emission of high concentration SO2 during start-up and shutdown of sulfur removal unit under the condition of low load or low H2S content and pre-vulcanization of hydrogenation catalyst. Methods The sulfur recovery, tail gas treatment process and sulfur output of 28 natural gas purification plants in China were statistically studied, and the application of four treatment processes at the present stage in the natural gas industry was analyzed, this paper introduced the relevant situation of SO2 catalytic adsorption technology in Claus tail gas developed by Research Institute of Natural Gas Technology. Results Some suggestions on SO2 emission reduction technology of natural gas purification plant were put forward: (1) Pay full attention to the problems of low load and stable operation of the unit caused by the change of potential sulfur in the gas field. (2) When adding tail gas treatment unit to the existing unit, avoid changing the process of the original sulfur recovery unit, and select the process technology that is environmental friendly, free of secondary pollutants and can be connected with the intelligent construction of the plant. (3) SO2 emission reduction should solve problems from the source, focusing on the fine operation and management of sulfur recovery unit, the correct use of catalyst and performance tracking analysis, so as to improve the sulfur recovery rate and reduce the load of back-end treatment. Conclusions Using above research results, on the one hand, it can ensure the long-term and stable operation of sulfur recovery unit, on the other hand, it can further reduce sulfur dioxide emission on the basis of existing emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the present status and development trends of shale gas ground engineering technology in China. This paper analyzes the characteristics of shale gas ground engineering technology, such as determining difficultly in the size of the ground transportation system, large range of pressure changes of the gathering pipeline network and standardization, modularization and skid-mounted design of gathering process, large demand for supply and transfer water, treatment of fracturing back fluid and so on. The present status of shale gas ground gathering and transportation technology, shale gas treatment technology and fracturing back fluid treatment technology are discussed. The significance of building smart shale gas fields, benefit shale gas fields, and standardized and integrated shale gas fields is analyzed. The development trend of key ground engineering technologies such as sand production in shale gas wells, shale gas metering and dehydration, fracturing back fluid treatment, and shale gas pressurization are prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, most oilfields in China have entered the late stage of oil recovery, and the water content of crude oil has increased significantly, which has brought new challenges to the measurement of water content. For the problem of real-time measurement of water content of crude oil, this paper proposes a new method of water content measurement by radio frequency method under oil-water two-phase spiral flow. First, the oil-water two-phase flow is adjusted to a spiral flow state by a cyclone, then the radio frequency signal emitted by the antenna arranged concentrically in the tube under the spiral flow state is measured, and finally the water content ratio is achieved by establishing a relationship model between the water content and the RF signal measuring. This method can eliminate the influence of the oil-water two-phase flow pattern on the measurement results and widen the measurement range of the water content. The measurement model was statically calibrated, dynamically verified, and optimized through laboratory experiments. The experimental results show that when the inlet oil-water two-phase mixing flow rate is 0.60-1.20 m/s and the volumetric water content is higher than 43.81%, the error of the oil-water two-phase measurement using this method is within 6.29%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper, it gives a case of a integrated skid-mounted equipment for natural gas separation and metering. Firstly, the basic concept of Internet of Things as well as its application in oil and gas industry in China is introduced. Secondly, the basic characteristics of the equipment is introduced, focusing on automation solution and analysis of three problems of HIMI operation in explosion proof area, incomplete acquisition of instrument property parameters, and low-quality patrol inspection. Furthermore, the improvement ideas are proposed based on the basic concept of the Internet of Things, analysis of requirement and implementation of the functions. Finally, the former and the improved equipment are compared and further improvement proposals are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The calorific value of natural gas is one of the main basic parameters for calculating energy value, which directly affects the accuracy and reliability of energy measurement. At present, it is the most commonly used detection method to analyze the composition of natural gas by gas chromatography, and then calculate the calorific value of natural gas through the composition data, and the accurate analysis of heavy hydrocarbon component ( C6 ) is the key factor affecting the calculation results of calorific value. This paper summarizes several quantitative methods commonly used to analyze C6 composition. By analyzing actual natural gas samples, the effects of different quantitative methods of C6 composition on superior calorific value are discussed and compared. The results show that different quantitative methods have obvious influence on the calculation of calorific value with the increase of C6, content in natural gas. when the C6 content in natural gas is greater than 0. 1 % ' the maximum deviation of superior calorific value obtained by different quamtitative methods can reach 0. 24%. Asuggestion is put forward to choose the quarntitative method of c6+ composition for natural gas with high heavy hydrocarbon content. The conclusion is of reference significance for the future implementation of natural gas energy measurement in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the trend of green development of natural gas industry, the quality of natural gas products is upgrading rapidly. Thus the level of analysis technology of total sulfur content as a key indicator needs to be improved to meet the production demand of online monitoring. Based on the extensive investigation and analysis of the development trend of natural gas industry and technical indicator s, this paper introduces the international standardization research results of total sulfur detection technology, and carries out the experimental research on the detection limit, repeatability and consistency of three on-line detect ion methods of total sulfur (GC-μTCD, GC-IMS, GC-FPD). The results show that the three methods are applicable to detect total sulfur in natural gas, which provides the foundation for the selection and optimiziltion of the on-line analysis method of total sulfur in the future. Finally, it is pointed out that the realization of online detection of total sulfur in natural gas is the trend of future development. Tn the next step, we will continue to c<1rry out on line total sulfur detection by chromatography technology and take part in the international standardization, in order to further establish China's leading position in this field, and provide technical support and standardation guarantee for the green development of natural gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The natural gas from the eastern line of China and Russia will soon be introduced into China, it will play a strong role in promoting the natural gas utilization projects in the northeastern area and also face various problems. In order to establish a long-term sustainable development resource supply system, combined with the actual situation of energy supply and demand, the future development direction of natural gas in Northeast China after the arrival of Russian gas is discussed in this paper. The main problems are analyzed as follows: the lack of self production and high dependence of outside the region; many choices of alternative energy by the regional characteristics; peak shaving difficult and the surplus hard to deal with; poor substitution economy and the price too high to bear. Some measures on the contradictions are summed up. Diversification of sources and resources can be ensured to sustainable development. It is clear that natural gas should be used as the transitional energy in Northeast China, and some suggestions on the utilization of natural gas for regional economic development are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coalbed methane (CBM) composition analysis in China is adopting the natural gas sampling and analysis standards at present. In this paper, the applicability of these standards for CBM was studied by theoretical evaluation and experimental verification. The results show that most of the existing methods are suitable for CBM, some methods still need to be improved for CBM quality analysis. Based on these studies, the proposals for improvement of CBM analysis methods and standardization are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problems of water shortage in fracturing operation and fracturing outlet liquid handling difficulty, the borate dissociation equilibrium principle is controlled by pH value to change the crosslinked state of guar gum fracturing fluid for the degradability of gel breaking under acidic condition. The molecular structure of guar gum is not damaged, so it can be crosslinked again. This paper used the biodegradation technology to degrade guar gum, and controlled the molecular weight of the guar gum by controlling the degradation conditions to control he degree of degradation of guar gum, eventually a low molecular crosslinked guar gum have been developed with molecular weight from 30 x 104 to 50 x 104 under the condition of borate. The viscosity of aqueous solution of the low molecular guar gum was low, and the water insoluble content was less than or equal to 4%. Taking a solid acid as a capsule core, a polymer being gradually dissolved in the water as the capsule dressing, a capsule breaker have been prepared using he method of air suspension film. The capsule breaker is not acidic on the ground for ensuring he fracturing fluid to be crosslinked well, and under formation temperature and pressure conditions the capsule breaker can gradually release the solid acid for the fracturing fluid degradability gel breaking. Taking the low molecular guar gum as the thickening agent, the capsule breaker parceling solid acid as the breaker, a recycled low molecular guar gum fracturing fluid has been developed. The fracturing fluid has been widely used in Sichuan Xu Jiahe reservoir reconstruction, and a lot of fracturing outlet liquids have been recycled. The effect of energy conservation and emissions reduction is remarkable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of temperature on corrosion behavior of VM110SS casing steel in sour environment was studied in high temperature and high pressure autoclave by simulating the downhole environment of a gas field in Sichuan. The partial pressure of CO2, partial pressure of H2S and total pressure are 0.54 MPa, 0.41 MPa and 18 MPa respectively. The test temperature is from 30 °C to 150 °C. The relation between temperature and corrosion rate of the VM110SS steel can be obtained. The compositions and appearance of corrosion products were analyzed by SEM and EDS. The results showed that the corrosion rate of VM110SS increased firstly then decreased with the increase of test temperature. The maximum value appeared at 90 °C. The corrosion rate in gas phase was 0.838 mm/a, and the corrosion rate in liquid phase was 1.130 mm/a, which showed a extremely severe corrosion. Uniform corrosion characteristic was presented to specimens at all test temperatures and corrosion product was composed mainly of iron sulfides. The paper provides theoretical basis for casing corrosion mechanism at different temperature and guidance for casing steel selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ansai oilfield is a typical low-permeability, low pressure, and low productivity reservoir. The new oil well only can be built by fracturing, and most of other wells still need multiple fracturing to improve its productivity. Therefore, the fracturing technology has being actively explored and improved since the 1980s in Ansai oilfield; and has been basically formed two technical systems as "water control" and "volume fracturing". This paper reviews the development of fracturing, analyses the existing technology adapted in Ansai oilfield, and points out developing direction of fracturing technology in order to provide the reference for the similar reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the evolution course of automotive diesel standards in China, and briefly analyzes the current situation, then summarizes the development trend of their seven important technical indexes, finally analyzes the reasons of their continuous improvement. Automotive diesel standards have been developing straight forward the direction of clean oil. Compared with EU, USA and Japan, automotive diesel standards relatively lag behind others in China, so it is imperative to improve the quality of the product. The heavy and inferior properties of the crude oil process, the low production capacity of installations, and the lack of competitive catalysts have limited the upgrading of diesel quality in China. Based on the above reasons, a new automotive diesel standard will be prospected, namely formulating automotive diesel standard in line with China's national conditions, giving appropriate financial subsidies to refineries, supervising the implementation of automotive diesel fuel in China, developing and popularizing the core technology of diesel production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid increase of the LNG gas stations and the LNG vehicles, the LNG dispensers are increasingly available. The working principle of LNG dispensers as the starting point, the national verification regulation and the program for pattern evaluation of LNG dispensers are introduced. The traceability and transfer of quantity of LNG are analyzed. The developing tendency of LNG dispensers in China is prospected. The research results of the paper will promote the development and study of LNG dispensers industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PF-PRD non-solid-phase drilling fluid is a new type of weak gel drilling fluid system, whose formation of weak gel has low shear rate and high viscosity. Even at high temperatures, it also shows characteristics of excellent suspension, lubrication and inhibition ability; and low dehydration and thin filter mass make it easy to clean and can alleviate damage. Other excellent features include resistance to temperature, salinity, shear force and strong ability to adapt to the environment. In this paper, we incorporated laboratory study and field application of PF-PRD non-solid-phase drilling fluid system in three horizontal wells WC13-1-A6, WC13-1-A8 and WC13-1-A3 in the Wenchang 13-1 oilfield of southwestern China. The results show that PF-PRD solid free drilling fluid system adapt to Wenchang 13-1 oilfield geological structure, and has good prospect of application and extension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on Sinopec Tahe petrochemical 1# hydrogen plant changing to use blending residual refinery dry gas, 2# hydrogen plant has used natural gas and dry gas as raw material instead of natural gas only. This paper discussed the effect of adding dry gas and addition on 2# hydrogen device, analyzed its advantages and disadvantages, and provided improved methods, so as of ensure the plant operation safely and smoothly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduced the imported LNG source status and LNG receiving station construction, discussed the utilization pathway of ethane and cold energy in LNG, put forward elevated proposal on accelerating LNG industry development. The suggestion was that China could speed up LNG resource distribution overseas, consider the combination of coastal petrochemical projects when building LNG receiving station, study the scientific utilization of LNG old energy deeply while speed up the LNG filling station construction, and advance the development of LNG as a transportation fuel, so as to guarantee the LNG market supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of analysis and measurement of natural gas, China has established a series of technologies acting on international convention. The article summarizes the detection technologies including sampling of natural gas, composition analysis, detection of sulfide content, determination of water/hydrocarbon dew point, solid particulate matter, other hazardous and noxious substances, property parameter calculation, and preparation of reference material. Quality assurance to analysis result was also put forward from the aspects of proficiency test in laboratory as well as analysis comparison. With rapid development of natural gas industry and increasing international trade of natural gas, new demand was raised in analyzing and measuring natural gas. The paper also outlooks the development direction of natural gas analysis and measurement technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The elemental sulfur deposition often occurs in the exploitation of high sour gas field. The presence of elemental sulfur has been long known to corrode carbon steel extremely and may block the gathering lines. It will influence the normal production of gas fields. This paper introduces the source and damage of elemental sulfur (S) in sour gas field. Based on this information the corrosion evaluation method is stated in detail, while the application range of each corrosion evaluation method and their characteristics are analyzed, as well as the mechanism of elemental sulfur corrosion. In the end, the detailed understandings and suggestions according to the current situation in China are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the plugging of natural gas hydrate in the development of Sichuan and Chongqing gas field in winter, PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company has carried on a lot of researches on the prevention and management technology of natural gas hydrate and gained some important research results and better prevention effects. Based on the present situation of the plugging of natural gas hydrate in Sichuan and Chongqing sour gas field in winter recently, this paper analyzed and summarized the main reasons of hydrate plugging, introduced there search and application development on the prevention of natural gas hydrate and management technology such as the prediction of natural gas hydrate formation in Sichuan and Chongqing oil and gas field, the development and field application of the kinetic hydrate inhibitors, and put forward the development direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzed production and consumption situation of fossil fuel in Sichuan province. It showed that fossil fuel in Sichuan suffered from insufficiency, low quality, difficult mining, contradiction between production -- consumption structure and energy storage structure, high intensity and low utilization in energy consumption and high carbon dioxide emission. Under the low -- carbon development with the consideration of economics and environment, the proposals for fossil fuel development in Sichuan province are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the research situation of Jingbian natural gas pipeline integrity management technology, his paper summarized the gas pipeline integrity management framework process in Jingbian gas field and also described main contents of the natural gas pipeline integrity management. Further more, major factors affecting the safety of pipeline and consequences of gas pipeline accident are analyzed, the pipeline integrity test method for gas field is introduced, and the establishment of the Jingbian gas pipeline integrity management system is stated in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to prevent acid gas CO2 from corroding downhole strings of Xujiahe gas well in west Sichuan, corrosion inhibitor is regularly added to the gas well according to experience. For the purpose of establishing a more rational inhibitor dosing system, inhibitor concentration in produced fluid requires to be measured. In this paper, ultraviolet spectrophotometry was adapted to eliminate interference on the basis of analyzing interference factors of gas well produced fluid and standard curve of inhibitor concentration in produced fluid was established. In the case that inhibitor mass concentration range is 0 ~ 100mg/L, there exists a good linear relationship between inhibitor mass concentration and absorbance. The determination of aqueous solution of corrosion inhibitor prepared for gas well produced water shows that measurement tolerance is less than 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

North and East of China have a large structural gap among natural gas customers (in this paper, the selected typical cities are Beijing, Tianjin in North China, and Shanghai, Nanjing, Zhejiang in East China). The comparative analysis of different regions was carried out, including the load duration characteristics, theoretical natural gas storage capacity of seasonal peak shaving, peak shaving costs and other issues. The calculation shows that the north and east regions account for 31% and 4% of annual gas consumption of the theoretical seasonal peak shaving gas storage capacity respectively, seasonal peak shaving cost of natural gas in North China was approximately 7.8 times that of East China. Therefore, it is proposed that developing gas- fired peak shaving power plant and seasonal peak shaving LNG liquefaction plant in North China during the non-heating season, which will improve the level of comprehensive utilization of natural gas and change the load duration characteristics to reduce peaking costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aimed at the application situation of light hydrocarbon plant of northwestern Sichuan Gas District of PetoChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, this paper deeply analyzed the factors affecting the light hydrocarbon yield. hen, a series of reform measures to improve the light hydrocarbon yield were proposed, which included expander amelioration, expansion rate adjustment, pressure of the seal gas control and opening degree of nozzle adjustment. The result showed hat the obvious effect can be obtained after taking above measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]