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As a promising implantable material, poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) possesses similar elastic modulus to that of cortical bones yet suffers from bio-inertness and poor osteogenic properties, which limits its application as orthopedic implants. In this work, calcium is introduced onto PEEK surface using calcium plasma immersion ion implantation (Ca-PIII). The results obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirm the modified layer with varying contents of calcium are formed on PEEK surfaces. Water contact angle measurements reveal the increasing hydrophobicity of both Ca-PIII treated surfaces. In vitro cell adhesion, viability assay, alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen secretion analyses disclose improved the adhesion, proliferation, and osteo-differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs) on Ca-PIII treated surfaces. The obtained results indicate that PEEK surface with enhanced osteogenic activity can be produced by calcium incorporation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Si-incorporated TiO 2 nanopores films were prepared by anodization and silicon plasma immersion ion implantation. The microstructure and phase composition of the films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The hydrophilicity of the films was evaluated using water contact angle measurement and MG63 cells were cultured on the films to investigate the cytocompatibility. The results showed that the concentration and depth of silicon on the Si-incorporated TiO 2 nanopores films increased with the duration time of implantation. Both the as-annealed and Si-incorporated nanopores films exhibited good hydrophilicity and cytocompatibility, while the TiO 2 nanopores films implanted silicon for 1.0 h showed higher proliferation rate and vitality of MG63 cells than others, indicating a great potential application for titanium implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]