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Abstract: The coefficient of fragmentability of a class of graphs measures the proportion of vertices that need to be removed from the graphs in the class in order to leave behind bounded sized components. We have previously given bounds on this parameter for the class of graphs satisfying a given constant bound on maximum degree. In this paper, we give fragmentability bounds for some classes of graphs of bounded average degree, as well as classes of given thickness, the class of -colourable graphs, and the class of n-dimensional cubes. In order to establish the fragmentability results for bounded average degree, we prove that the proportion of vertices that must be removed from a graph of average degree at most in order to leave behind a planar subgraph (in fact, a series-parallel subgraph) is at most , provided or the graph is connected and . The proof yields an algorithm for finding large induced planar subgraphs and (under certain conditions) a lower bound on the size of the induced planar subgraph it finds. This bound is similar in form to the one we found for a previous algorithm we developed for that problem, but applies to a larger class of graphs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The main results of the paper are two dual algorithms bijectively mapping the set of spanning trees with internal activity 1 and external activity 0 of an ordered graph onto the set of acyclic orientations with adjacent unique source and sink. More generally, these algorithms extend to an activity-preserving correspondence between spanning trees and orientations. For certain linear orderings of the edges, they also provide a bijection between spanning trees with external activity 0 and acyclic orientations with a given unique sink. This construction uses notably an active decomposition for orientations of a graph which extends the notion of components for acyclic orientations with unique given sink. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]