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In the present paper, the fracture toughness of a polyurethane (PUR) foam (manufactured by Necumer GmbH, Germany, under the commercial designation Necuron 651) is experimentally and numerically investigated in order to examine its dependence on the specimen sizes. As a matter fact, to the best knowledge of the present authors, such an analysis is still missing in the technical literature. To perform the experimental campaign, notched PUR foam beams, with different geometrical sizes, are tested under three‐point bending loading, and the Modified Two‐Parameter Model (recently proposed by some of the present authors) is employed to measure the fracture toughness. Subsequently, such an experimental campaign is numerically simulated by applying a micromechanical model, implemented in a non‐linear finite element homemade code. Finally, the results obtained are compared with some experimental data available in the literature, related to the same PUR foam. Highlights: The fracture toughness of a polyurethane foam is experimentally investigated.Notched PUR foam beams, with different sizes, are tested under three‐point bending.The Modified Two‐Parameter Model is employed to measure the fracture toughness.A numerical simulation is performed with a non‐linear finite element model.The results are compared with some experimental data available in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]