1. Recent advances in Extracellular Vesicles and their involvements in vasculitis.
- Author
-
Yang, Nan, Zhao, Yin, Wu, Xiuhua, Zhang, Na, Song, Haoming, Wei, Wei, and Liu, Ming-Lin
- Subjects
- *
EXTRACELLULAR vesicles , *VASCULITIS , *LIPOSOMES , *APOPTOSIS , *APOPTOTIC bodies - Abstract
Systemic vasculitis is a heterogeneous group of multisystem autoimmune disorders characterized by inflammation of blood vessels. Although many progresses in diagnosis and immunotherapies have been achieved over the past decades, there are still many unanswered questions about vasculitis from pathological understanding to more advanced therapies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are double-layer phospholipid membrane vesicles harboring various cargoes. EVs can be classified into exosomes, microvesicles (MVs), and apoptotic bodies depending on their size and origin of cellular compartment. EVs can be released by almost all cell types and may be involved in physical and pathological processes including inflammation and autoimmune responses. In systemic vasculitis, EVs may have pathogenic involvement in inflammation, autoimmune responses, thrombosis, endothelium injury, angiogenesis and intimal hyperplasia. EV-associated redox reaction may also be involved in vasculitis pathogenesis by inducing inflammation, endothelial injury and thrombosis. Additionally, EVs may serve as specific biomarkers for diagnosis or monitoring of disease activity and therapeutic efficacy, i.e. AAV-associated renal involvement. In this review, we have discussed the recent advances of EVs, especially their roles in pathogenesis and clinical involvements in vasculitis. [Display omitted] • EVs can be released from activated or aging cells, and cells undergoing different types of programmed cell death. • Redox reactions may be involved in modulation of the release and biological functions of EVs. • EVs contribute to vasculitis through different pathogenic effects. • EVs may serve as biomarkers for diagnosis or monitoring of disease activity and therapeutic efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF