Search

Background: Dyspnea is a common symptom in patients presenting to emergency departments worldwide. The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of spirometry findings in subjects presenting with dyspnea in Bannu, KP, Pakistan. Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Bannu Medical College, Bannu, KP, Pakistan from 1st December 2015 to 31st march 2018. Sample size was 4300 selected through convenient sampling technique. All patients with acute and chronic dyspnea were included. Any patient unable to perform spirometry, recently diagnosed smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), recent myocardial infarction and any infectious disease patient were excluded. A self-administered proforma was used for data collection. The demographic variables were sex and age groups. The research variables were type of lung pathology, severity of obstructive lung pathology, severity of restrictive lung pathology, causes of obstructive lung pathology and causes of restrictive lung pathology. All variables being categorical were analyzed through count and percentages using SPSS version17. Results: Out of 4300 subjects, (55.72%) were males and (44.28%) were females. Two thousands four hundred and forty five (52.32%) had obstructive, (22.49%) restrictive, (12.9%) with mixed pattern and (4.3%) had normal spirometry. In obstructive patients bronchial asthma were (35.13%), COPD 741(30.3%) asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) (9.48%), acute bronchitis (05.64%), bronchiectasis 173(7.07%) and unclear diagnosis (04.17%). In restrictive patients post pulmonary tuberculous fibrosis (PTB) were (33.77%), cardiovascular disorders (28.35%), interstitial lung diseases (17.79%), chest wall disorders (6.47%) and unclear diagnosis in 143(13.6%). Conclusion: Ninety five percent of individuals were having an abnormal spirometeric pattern. mostly old males were having bronchial asthma & COPD as obstructive and PTB & CVDs as restrictive lung disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tobacco use is the leading and preventable cause of death in the World. This study was conducted to find out the trends of tobacco use among medical and non-medical students in District Bannu of Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa province. Material & Methods: This cross sectional observational study was conducted in Bannu Medical College and University of Science & Technology Bannu from 16th March 2011 to 15th June 2011. Questionnaires were randomly distributed among the students of medical college and university. These were collected and checked for missing information and wrong entries. No name, address or other identity was mentioned in the proforma. Results: A total of 244 questionnaires were filled. Non responders were excluded and the remaining 227 were included in the study, 120 in medical and 107 in non medical group with females 44 in medical and 39 in non medical. Mean age was 23±4 years. Tobacco users in medical group were 14.5% male and 2.3% female while in non-medical students these were 20.6% male and 2.5% female . The main contributing factor was the bad company and its use was started in the college in 75% of the medical and 53.3% of the non medical group. Conclusion: The prevalence of smoking is higher in the non-medical students than the medical students. The female population is less affected than the male and the etiological factors were mainly stress and bad company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]