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Developing state-of-the-art materials for protecting human from unwanted ionizing radiations is urgent and significant for the rapid development of nuclear facilities. Here, bismuth borate nanoparticles have been fabricated via a facile sol-gel process. Characterization with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy reveals that the product is composed of high-purity orthorhombic Bi 6 B 10 O 24 phase and exhibits a typical single crystal with the size ranging from 100 to 300 nm. The product has an excellent ability to jointly attenuate both neutron and γ-ray. This significant work provides a material with not only good radiation shielding but also other fascinating features, such as environment-friendly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]