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At high cutting speeds, the internal microstructure of the difficult-to-machine material Inconel 718 will change. Alterations in the internal microstructure lead to macroscopic deformations, which in turn result in the formation of adiabatic shear bands. In order to better study the formation of adiabatic shear bands during cutting Inconel 718, cutting experiments, SHPB experiments, and finite element simulations were carried out. The stored energy model for adiabatic shear bands was developed by combining the overall dislocation density and the variation of the stress field in this paper. Based on the strain gradient theory, the subroutine was compiled for secondary development to achieve multi-scale finite element simulation that can visualize the stored energy. The experiment and simulation results were combined to derive the change in stress, temperature, and overall dislocation density and to analyze the adiabatic shear bands storage energy based on the change. The analytical results are also combined with dynamic recrystallization and periodic fracture theories to characterize the formation mechanism of adiabatic shear bands. It was found that the overall dislocation density, stress, and adiabatic shear bands storage energy follow the same trend, while the temperature and shear zone storage energy follow opposite trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]