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Summary: Automatic generation control (AGC) plays a crucial role in modern power system to control the frequency with change in power demand. A novel fractional order (FO) hybrid PID‐fuzzy‐PID (FO‐hPID‐FPID) controller is proposed in this paper as the secondary controller for AGC of a three unequal area interconnected nonlinear reheat thermal power system considering generation rate constraint. This paper also deals with the implementation of FO fuzzy PID (FOFPID) and FO PID (FOPID) controllers in addition to the proposed controller along with their counterpart integer order controllers to establish the dominance of FO controllers over integer order controllers. Various parameters of the controllers are optimized by hybridizing two global optimization techniques: particle swarm optimization and modified sine cosine algorithm (MSCA) and the optimization techniques so obtained is called as hybrid PSO‐MSCA (hPSO‐MSCA) technique. A step load perturbation of 0.01 p.u. is injected in area‐1, and the system response is investigated independently with different controllers. It is revealed that the proposed FO‐hPID‐FPID delivers superior performance than the other controllers. Sensitivity analysis for parametric variations is carried out, and random load test is performed to validate the robustness of the proposed controller. Further, it is observed that the controllers deliver result in an ascending order of control performance as PID, FOPID, FPID, FOFPID, hPID‐FPID and FO‐hPID‐FPID controllers with FO‐hPID‐FPID controller delivering the best result and the FO controllers deliver better control performance than their integer order counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate analysis of load angle stability of the synchronous generator depends on considering mechanical parameters in addition to electrical parameters in synchronous generator modeling, which leads to increasing state-space variables and model complexity and ultimately reduces the accuracy and performance of conventional controllers. Therefore, an intelligent controller is required for the stable and reliable operation of the synchronous load angle generator. With this approach in this paper, first considering the electrical and mechanical parameters, a complete 14-order model of the synchronous generator is obtained. Then, a PID controller based on the Harris optimization algorithm is proposed to stabilize the load angle of the synchronous generator. The HHO optimization algorithm is a population-based optimization technique that optimizes PID controller coefficients. The effectiveness of the new HHO technique in optimizing the controller PID coefficients over known optimization techniques such as GA-PID and Modified GA-PID has been confirmed using simulation results. The simulation results show that the proposed controller has a higher performance in load angle stability compared to the sliding mode and fuzzy-PID controllers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a maiden application of the fractional‐order proportional‐integral‐derivative plus the second‐order derivative controller called FOPIDD2 (PIλDμD2) to achieve better transient response at a terminal voltage of automatic voltage regulator (AVR). Multi‐verse optimizer (MVO) algorithm is used for tuning six optimization parameters of controller. MVO is a powerful optimization algorithm with great convergence speed and strong search mechanisms for an expanded number of decisions. The proposed FOPIDD2 controller is compared with proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID), PID plus second‐order derivative (PIDD2), fractional order PID (FOPID) and filtered FOPID controllers obtained using different algorithms in both time domain and frequency domain. According to the results, FOPIDD2 controller shows superior performance than compared studies in terms of transient response of terminal voltage of AVR. Additionally, frequency domain analysis shows that FOPIDD2 controller presents satisfactory results. Finally, the system is subjected to a robustness test with changes in time constants and gain constants values. AVR system with FOPIDD2 controller performs better in perturbed system parameters than compared controllers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: A considerable number of intermittent renewable resources like photovoltaic generation and wind energy when integrated into the conventional grid technology causes serious issues in the power systems like frequency instability. So an intelligent controller is desired for steady and reliable operation of the electric grid. This paper deals with the frequency control of hybrid power system (HPS) employing a sine cosine adopted Harris' hawks optimization (SCaHHO) technique. The proposed technique aims at improving the performance of the original Harris' hawks optimization (HHO) algorithm by incorporating a sine and cosine function in the calculation of escaping energy and chances of escaping of prey respectively to emphasize the exploitation process of hawks. The effectiveness of the SCaHHO technique is validated with the novel HHO technique as well as moth flame optimization, sine cosine algorithm, grey wolf optimization, salp swarm algorithm and gravitational search algorithm using 23 standard test functions. A non‐parametric statistical investigation is also carried out to verify the effectiveness of the suggested technique. Later the SCaHHO technique is utilized to tune a newly proposed adaptive fuzzy proportional integral derivative controller (AFPID) for frequency control of HPS. The suggested SCaHHO‐tuned AFPID controller achieves an improved control action by moderating the frequency fluctuations as compared to the PID controller. Hardware‐in‐loop validation of the proposed load frequency control scheme is also carried out using OPAL‐RT to measure its fidelity with the numerical simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a simple method to obtain the coefficients of the 2 control loops of power factor correction synchronously by using genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, and differential evolution. The control coefficients are obtained easily by this way. It is shown by the simulations that the results are more efficient than classical proportional integral tuning methods regarding to dynamic performance criteria. A new cost function that involves total harmonic distortion parameter is formed to apply the heuristic algorithms. The performances of the proposed algorithms are experienced under line, and load variations and the algorithms have been compared with each other considering program size, complexity, and convergence time of algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]