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The aim of this paper is to estimate the functional identity of Sivas which was one of the nodal centers in the organized urban network and transportation system in Anatolia during the Seljuk era. We shall attempt this through a method that depends on the hypothetical approaches developed in this paper as related to the functional identity. The methodology of this paper is based on examining the original historical texts and archeological findings and architectural inheritances. The results shall be evaluated according to the hypothetical approaches developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the important problems in Turkey has been the distribution and spread of educational services in both rural and urban areas. Rural areas compared to urban areas have benefited from the educational opportunities and services in a limited way, but sometimes they do not have benefited from them at all. These differences in educational opportunities and service have influenced various social areas and have also played a role in the determination of economic conditions. The goal of this paper is to point out the educational differences in rural/ urban areas and to discuss their causes. The level of education of rural and urban areas will be compared based an data gathered from government statistics. Finally, the relationship between education and employment and the effects of education on employment in rural and urban areas will be examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]