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The solubility of Avermectin B 1a (AVM B 1a ) in the three binary solvent mixtures, (acetone + water), (acetone + n-hexane) and (isopropanol + n-hexane) was determined gravimetrically with the temperature ranging from 283.15 K to 313.15 K under atmospheric conditions. The experimental results indicate that the solubility of AVM B 1a increased with increasing temperature at certain solvent composition, and decreased with increasing mole fraction of water and n-hexane. Besides, the modified Apelblat equation, CNIBS/R-K model and Jouyban-Acree model were employed to correlate the solubility results obtained. All the selected models provide satisfactory results. Furthermore, the mixing thermodynamic properties were calculated based on the NRTL equation, a binary activity coefficient model. We also calculated the thermodynamic properties of the dissolution process of AVM B 1a . The calculated results indicate that the dissolution process of AVM B 1a in the tested solvents is endothermic and spontaneous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solubility of boscalid in five pure solvents, including methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate and n-propyl acetate, and two binary solvent mixtures, including (ethanol + ethyl acetate) and (isopropanol + ethyl acetate), was determined by a gravimetric method with temperatures ranging from (288.15 to 313.15) K. It turns out that the solubility of boscalid increases with the increasing of temperature in all selected solvents. Moreover, it is interesting that the solubility of boscalid in the two binary solvent mixtures performed a maximum effect with the decreasing mole fraction of ethyl acetate at a given temperature. The solubility of boscalid in pure solvents was correlated by the modified Apelblat model and λh model while that in binary solvent mixtures was correlated by the modified Apelblat model, CNIBS/R-K model and Jouyban-Acree model. It is found that all the models could give satisfactory correlation results with less than 3% of all the ARD values. Furthermore, the thermodynamic properties of the mixing processes in all solvents selected were calculated and discussed based on the NRTL model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a UV spectroscopic method was used to determine the solubility of troxerutin in eleven mono-solvents and (1,4-dioxane + 2-propanol) mixtures at different temperatures from 288.15 K to 323.15 K. The solubility of troxerutin was positively correlated with temperature in all selected solvents, and it showed a maximum value when the mole fraction of 2-propanol was 0.4 in binary solvent mixtures. The modified Apelblat equation, λh equation, CNIB/R-K model, NRTL model and Jouyban-Acree model were used to correlate the solubility data of troxerutin. It turned out that all the selected thermodynamic models could fit the results well, especially for the modified Apelblat equation with all the ARD values are less than 2%. Furthermore, the thermodynamic properties of troxerutin in different pure and binary solvents were also calculated and are discussed. The results indicated that the dissolution process of troxerutin in the experimental solvents was endothermic. Through analysis of enthalpy-entropy compensation in (1,4-dioxane + 2-propanol) mixtures, a non-linear Δ d H o versus Δ d H o plot was obtained, indicating that the driving mechanism changes with the proportion of 2-propanol in the dissolution process of troxerutin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solubility of cefmetazole acid in binary solvent mixtures, (methanol + water), (ethanol + water) and (isopropanol + water), was determined by UV spectroscopic method at temperatures from 278.15 to 303.15 K. The solubility of cefmetazole acid increased with the increase of temperature in all solvents. In (methanol + water) co-solvent mixture, the solubility of cefmetazole acid is maximal in neat methanol. In (ethanol + water) and (isopropanol + water) solvent mixtures, the solubility of cefmetazole acid reaches its maximum when the mole fraction of alcohol is 0.5 and 0.4, respectively. The modified Apelblat equation, the CNIBS/R-K model and the Jouyban–Acree model were applied to correlate the experimental solubility of cefmetazole acid. Moreover, the activity coefficients as well as the thermodynamic properties of mixing were calculated and discussed based on the NRTL model and experimental solubility values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A laser monitoring dynamic method was used to determine the solubility of 4-aminobutyric acid in five mono-solvents of methanol, formamide, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol and water, and (methanol + water) binary solvent mixtures over the temperature ranging from 283.15 K to 323.15 K at atmospheric pressure. It turns out to be that in different mono-solvents, the solubility of 4-aminobutyric acid is temperature dependent and increases with the increasing temperature. While in (methanol + water) binary solvent mixtures, the solubility is positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with the mole fraction of methanol. The modified Apelblat equation, λh equation and NRTL_Binary model were employed to correlate the solubility data in five mono-solvents. While in (methanol + water) binary solvent mixtures, the NRTL_Ternary model, CNIBS/R-K model and Jouyban-Acree models were applied. It is found that the correlated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, with the activity coefficients considered, solution mixing thermodynamics were calculated and the dissolution process of 4-aminobutyric acid is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solubility of pyridoxine hydrochloride in binary solvent mixtures, including (acetone + water), (methanol + water) and (ethanol + water), was measured over temperature range from (278.15 to 313.15) K by a gravimetric method at atmospheric pressure ( P = 0.1 MPa). The solubility increased with increasing temperature in binary solvent mixtures at constant solvent composition. Besides, the dissolving capacity of pyridoxine hydrochloride in the three binary solvent mixtures at constant temperature ranked as (methanol + water > ethanol + water > acetone + water) in general, partly depending on the polarity of the solvents. Additionally, the modified Apelblat equation, van’t Hoff equation, CNIBS/R–K model and Jouyban–Acree model were used to correlate the solubility data in binary mixtures, it turned out that all the selected thermodynamic models could give satisfactory results. Furthermore, the mixing thermodynamic properties of pyridoxine hydrochloride in different binary solvent mixtures were also calculated and discussed. The results indicate that the mixing process of pyridoxine hydrochloride in the selected solvents is exothermic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]