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Industrial firms in the EU have had to adapt over the past decades to face the increasing pressure of becoming more environmentally responsible. The European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) has played a crucial role in this process, and its impact on participating firms is a matter of debate for researchers, corporate managers, and policy makers alike. Unfortunately, there are only a minimum of models that assess the impact of the EU ETS on individual firms, especially in the context of overall firm performance and dependencies on other (economic and social) factors. For the paper industry, such a study is completely lacking. The authors use the well-established framework of the CSR model and the DC-PROMETHEE method to explore the ranking of paper producing firms in the EU. DC-PROMETHEE considers the effect of the dependencies between criteria that can potentially distort the results. The study revealed that both the EU ETS itself and the links between the evaluating criteria have an impact on the final CSR ranking of the paper producing companies. [Display omitted] • First CSR ranking model for EU paper firms, including environmental factors. • Multi-criteria decision model including the effect of EU ETS at company level. • CSR decision model considering criteria dependencies for unbiased evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical upcycling of plastic waste from landfills to value-added products offers both economic and environmental benefits. Reported here is a simple method to convert high-density polyethylene (HDPE) into upcycled waxes in a very high yield (up to 93%). This selectivity is achieved by reducing the degradation temperature of HDPE via the addition of an inexpensive and reusable sodium chloride. These upcycled waxes had performance comparable to those of commercial rheology modifiers. In addition, kraft paper coated with these upcycled waxes exhibited excellent water- and oil resistance. A preliminary revenue analysis showed that this innovation allows plastic-to-wax to conversion with a three-fold revenue benefit over traditional ways of producing pyrolysis waxes from plastics. Also, sodium chloride reduces the pyrolysis temperature, thus reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, supporting cleaner production, a circular economy, and generating less environmental pollution. The underlying concept reported herein can be extended to major plastics by reducing the degradation temperatures of plastics, thereby obtaining even better control over the pyrolysis products. Thus, these findings have the potential to enhance the circular economy of plastics and protect our environment from plastic waste. SYNOPSIS. Chemical upcycling of post-consumer polyethylene via a sodium chloride-catalyzed process. [Display omitted] • Demonstrated table salt-assisted pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene. • Converted polyethylene into upcycled waxes at mild temperatures and in high-yield. • Used upcycled waxes as rheology modifiers and water-proof coating material. • Performed preliminary revenue analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastic-coated paper straws are insufficient to solve the plastic pollution problem because microplastics are formed during their degradation. In this study, upgraded paper straws were prepared by coating with biodegradable sodium alginate/cellulose nanofiber/stearic acid (SA/CNF/STA) on the surface of paper without additional adhesives. The tensile strength of the paper was enhanced synergistically by the coated SA and CNF after cross-linking with Ca2+ ions, reaching a maximum (26.46 MPa) when the mass ratio of SA to CNF was 4:1. The straws were prepared by spirally winding coated paper into tubes. Subsequent STA modification with different concentration (1–40%) improved the water stability of the paper straws. The paper straws exhibited excellent mechanical properties (including 13.45 MPa of flexural strength, 13.30 MPa of compressive strength) and hydrophobicity (103.67° of maximum water contact angle). After 130 days of soil burial, the paper straws were completely degraded. The comprehensive performance of prepared straws exceeds that of commercially available products in the same category, and they are safe and biodegradable. Paper straw in the work is in line with the concept of green and low-carbon development. [Display omitted] • Processing a paper straw based on biomass resource coatings. • SA/CNF hybrid coating synergistically enhanced the tensile strength of the straw. • The STA imparts satisfactory water stability to the straw. • The comprehensive performance of the straw outperforms commercial straw products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biohythane, the promising gaseous biofuel, can be produced by the recirculated two-phase anaerobic digestion (R-TPAD). The effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) as 30, 20 and 10 days on biohythane production via R-TPAD (recirculation ratio = 0.4) was investigated with co-digestion of food waste and paper waste. The results showed that HRTs of 30 and 20 days maintained stable performance for R-TPAD but HRT of 10 days led to the final decrease in biogas production. The failure in the end was attributed to the wash-out of microbes. The removal efficiencies for COD and carbohydrates were decreased by short HRTs while for VS it remained relatively stable at about 75.7 ± 4.0%. All through the operation, acidogenic phase and methanogenic phase were separated stably and butyrate pathway was the dominant pathway for hydrogen fermentation in the first stage. The microbial community in the first stage reached the highest diversity when total HRT was 20 days, where the hydrogen production rate was the highest. The genera Lactobacillus and Caproiciproducens kept dominating the dark fermentation in the acidogenic phase, and Ruminococcus and Methanosarcina were decreasing in the methanogenic phase. The biohythane yields were 411 mL/g-VS fed , 332 mL/g-VS fed and 253 mL/g-VS fed , respectively, where the H 2 contents were 18.4%, 14.7% and 8.8%, respectively. [Display omitted] • The R-TPAD system (R = 0.4) was operated for biohythane production. • R-TPAD operated under HRTs of 30 and 20 maintained stable performance. • Organic removals and biohythane yields were lowered by short HRTs. • Different microbial communities were identified by co-occurrence network. • Biohythane yields affected by different parameters were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This comprehensive review explores recent advancements in the manufacturing of cellulose nanofiber (CNF)-based cellulose nanopaper (CNP). The analysis delves into customizing CNPs through nanofiber manufacturing, mechanical refining, and chemical treatments. The report underscores the growing interest in CNPs derived from CNF due to their exceptional properties and eco-friendly attributes. CNP strength significantly enhanced through mechanical refining encompassing cellulose nanofibrillation were breaking down of cellulose into nanofibers takes place. Conversely, dense CNF network formed through filtration and casting method. Chemical treatments such as dispersion, functionalization, and coating methods followed by drying and consolidation introduce custom functionalities for diverse applications. These applications span packaging, electronics, energy harvesting, EMI shielding, optoelectronics, nanogenerators, transparent conducting films, water treatment, bioelectronics, and neuromorphic computing. The study conducts an in-depth investigation to assess CNP's effects on promoting sustainability and minimizing environmental waste, making a significant contribution to the circular economy. This investigation underscores the pursuit of innovation and aligns with the principles of progressing toward a more environmentally sustainable future. [Display omitted] • Explores CNF production, refining and chemical treatments for CNP customization. • Remarkable properties of CNP draw academic and industrial interest. • CNP applied in packaging, electronics, energy, and environmental science. • Investigates role of CNP in circular economy. • Emphasizes CNPs as eco-friendly, fostering innovation and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collection, as the first stage of the recycling process, and pre-processing to increase waste stream purity constitute key operations for achieving high recycling rates and a closed loop in the circular economy. For wastepaper recycling in Hong Kong, it is the semi-formal-informal recycling (SFIR) sector that plays a central role in both stages. This study analyses the so far little explored SFIR stakeholder network in Hong Kong and sheds light on value chains, recovered waste paper quantities and the impact of policies on the sector. The findings show that SFIR stakeholders reclaim 55.6 t/recycling station/month of wastepaper and thereby achieve about a 5.7 times higher reclaim rate than the formal-private recycling system. Critical to this achievement is the SFIR transaction network, which enables its stakeholders to develop a value chain and thereby generate an added value of around 1900 HKD (243.9 USD/t) for wastepaper. Given limited circular structures in Hong Kong, financial subsidies are critical to sustain the SFIR's operations over the short-term. However, over the long-term legalization and integration of its stakeholders are necessary to ensure an economically and socially sustainable wastepaper recovery system in Hong Kong. [Display omitted] • Qualitative & quantitative analysis of the semi-formal-informal recycling (SFIR) sector. • The SFIR's wastepaper value chain achieves a cumulative added value of 1900 HKD/t. • The SFIR recovered 5.7 times higher capacities than the formal system in 2021. • Financial support can enhance the SFIR sector's recovery capacities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circular economies have become a strong candidate for addressing environmental challenges by managing end-of-life products to reduce landfill waste. We herewith focus on the recycling of PET from plastic waste and textiles. This paper focuses on recycling PET from plastic waste and textiles and proposes a model for controlling plant operations, emphasizing Quality-Based Changeovers over cleaning to ensure production continuity. This paper also identifies technological and managerial challenges in PET recycling plants as raised in the related literature, such as the need for technology improvement, more effective collection routes and sorting processes, and devoted managerial strategies. Since a relevant industrial need is to manage the changeovers, we develop a model to control the operative management of the plant and to find the feedstock quality to be processed at a given time for profit maximization. A discrete event simulation model is built to represent the behavior of the system under an approximate state-based control policy, i.e. a two-threshold policy. Numerical results and sensitivity analysis highlight the impact of cleaning costs on system behavior, offering insights into optimal operational conditions. • Highlighting the challenges of recycling and circular economies by systematic literature search. • Managing a PET recycling plant by controlling production processes with varying quality feedstocks. • Decision-making regarding product variant selection and system reconfiguration. • Quality-Based Changeovers as a means to ensure production continuity. • Insights into conditions favorable to operational optimality with a simulation model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of utilizing handmade wastepaper refuse for synthesis of nanocellulose and later converting it into nanourea incorporated carboxymethylcellulose (NU@CMC) hydrogel has been visualized as a sustainable solution to manage solid wastepaper and simultaneously enrich plant growth by providing nanourea. Various characterization techniques like Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) analysis and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis confirmed that the NU@CMC hydrogel was rich in functional groups, having porous and rough surface morphology. Swelling ratio was found to be 1457% at pH 7 due to the presence of polar group and porous surface of hydrogel. Maximum water holding capacity (54.45%) was obtained at 2 wt% NU@CMC hydrogels, and it retained moisture in the soil for more than 2 weeks. NU@CMC hydrogel was used as a control release vehicle for the release of nanourea for plants at different pH ranges, and results indicated that this process followed the Fickian diffusion mechanism at pH 7 and 46.71% release efficiency was observed in 18 days. Maximum stem length was observed with NU@CMC hydrogels compared to CMC hydrogel and soil. Thus, eco-friendly, versatile NU@CMC hydrogel with 39.8% biodegradability within 32 days establishes its dual promise for water transport under water-limited conditions and as a fertilizer release vehicle for sustainable plant growth. [Display omitted] • NU@CMC hydrogel has been synthesized form waste paper for slow release of nanourea. • Maximum swelling ratio of the hydrogel was found to be 1457% at a pH 7. • Release behavior of hydrogel shows the Fickian diffusion mechanism. • Maximum stem length was observed with NU@CMC hydrogels compared to soil. • The NU@CMC hydrogel shows 39.8% biodegradability in 32 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we investigate the market size of all materials and products presently produced from (organic) carbon and we present a method to estimate the intrinsic recycling potential of these materials/chemicals as a function of their respective applications. The method is based on the expert assessment of a number of variables that are important within the different application categories and markets of the carbon-based materials/chemicals. Applying the method, the paper presents the recycling potential of all carbon-based products. Following, an estimation of the amount of new products that can be produced each year through recycling of discarded products is presented and the amount of carbon that needs to come from other sustainable sources to fulfil our demand for new products is calculated. We distinguish nine different categories of (organic) carbon-based materials/chemicals: plastics, textile fibres, thermoset resins, rubbers, surfactants, solvents, fine chemicals, paper/board and wood products. Within these nine categories the most important materials/chemicals types were taken into account. Fossil-based and bio-based materials/chemicals were assessed separately. For each of the materials/chemicals types, the market size in terms of mass (Mt) was calculated for the main applications in which they are applied. Next, for all materials/chemicals types in these applications, the maximum recycling potential, in case mechanical or physical recycling methods are applied, was assessed, using an expert panel. Also, inevitable leakage of materials/chemicals in the different applications was assessed. Finally, the amount of feedstock coming from recycling streams that may be made available for chemical recycling or carbon capture and utilisation technologies was derived. From this, the magnitude of carbon-based materials/chemicals that need to be replaced each year by other renewable feedstock than recycled content in terms of Mton carbon was calculated. The analysis is relevant in view of implementation of a circular economy and reuse and recycling of materials, to combat depletion of raw materials. Next, it is relevant in view of phasing out fossil-feedstock to combat climate change. Our analysis indicates that the recycling potential of carbon-based materials and products through mechanical or physical methods lies around 50%, even in a system that is fully optimised for recycling. Chemical recycling and carbon capture and utilisation may provide another 25% of the renewable-carbon feedstock needed, but they generally require far more energy and other inputs to produce new materials and chemicals than the mechanical and physical recycling methods. The remaining demand for renewable-carbon feedstock thus needs to come from either biomass or CO 2 through carbon capture and utilisation technologies. Based on our findings, we argue that the composition of our present carbon-based products pool needs to be redesigned on a fundamental molecular level, towards material types that contain more oxygen. Carbon-based materials that contain more oxygen generally can be recycled more efficiently, and are also easier to produce from the alternative feedstocks biomass and CO 2 through CCU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water removal during paper manufacturing is of primary importance to production rate and cost efficiency for the pulp and paper industry. It is crucial to develop methods to reduce energy consumption by increasing the percent solids in the paper web entering the dryers from the presses. This research aimed to develop a fundamental understanding of the effect of bio-chemo-mechanical pretreatments on a bleached softwood fiber matrix and evaluate the impact on the percent solids of the paper web after pressing. Experiments included enzymatic, refining, and cationic polymer pretreatments on the bleached softwood pulps, followed by laboratory papermaking and determining the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) after pressing and the pulp and paper properties. The combined effect of mild refining, controlled enzymatic pretreatments, and cationic strength aids proved to enhance the water removal during wet pressing (up to 35 % reduction) and increase paper strength (up to 60 % increase). The results of increased solids after pressing were used to calculate the potential reduction in drying energy during paper manufacturing. Energy savings of around 10 % for paper drying could be achieved through fiber matrix modification by bio-chemo-mechanical pretreatment. Enzymatic pretreatments have previously been conventionally applied before refining as an energy-saving method. However, this research shows that synergistic actions of enzymes added after refining modify the fibers and create the optimal conditions for enhancement in drainage, press dewatering, and paper properties. [Display omitted] • Enzyme-assisted fiber modifications improve press dewatering and paper strength. • Enzyme blends can enhance fiber cell wall flexibility and fibrillation. • Synergistically, enzymes increased ∼35% press dewatering and ∼60% tensile strength. • Enzymes, mild refining, and cationic biopolymers enhance paper process efficiency. • This research introduces alternative methods for decarbonizing the paper industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The industrial alkaline battery recycling process produces an organic fraction (OF) consisting of waste paper, plastic and cardboard. Currently, this OF is used for energy recovery, given the absence of a successful alternative recycling approach, attributed to its contamination and limited economic value. This study explored the valorisation of the organic fraction derived from the recycling of alkaline batteries as a foaming agent in the production of lightweight expanded clay aggregates (LECAs). The OF, was mixed with red stoneware atomized paste (RSAP) in varying proportions (5–30 wt%) and fired at temperatures between 1000 and 1200 °C. The volumetric expansion, density, and compressive strength of the resulting aggregates were determined via mineralogical and microstructural characterization. The results indicate the organic fraction's suitability as an expansion agent, particularly at 1200 °C with 5–15 wt% inclusion, showcasing density (0.65–0.75 g/cm3) and compressive strength (1.34–1.39 MPa) comparable to commercial expanded clays. The microstructural analysis revealed the formation of rounded pores, influenced by the firing temperature and OF content. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) compared the environmental impacts of this process with traditional LECA manufacturing, highlighting the potential environmental benefits of using recycled battery waste. This study marks the first incorporation of this battery waste residue into LECA manufacturing, providing valuable insights into its environmental implications and paving the way for sustainable waste management practices. [Display omitted] • Organic fraction of alkaline industrial battery recycling enhances clay expansion. • It is a viable additive for manufacturing lightweight expanded clay aggregates. • First-time inclusion of this type of residue in lightweight aggregates manufacturing. • Life Cycle Assessment shows light variations in most impact categories. • Notable enhancements in alkaline battery recycling efficiency could be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upcycling agroindustry residues into new valuable products is a strategy for mitigating environmental impacts while increasing material circularity. In this study, two sizes of eggshell particles (D 90 = 7.1 μm (ESAJ) and D 90 = 16.3 μm (ESBU)) were obtained and their incorporation as fillers into biodegradable pectin/starch film was evaluated. The effect of the presence of eggshell particles (2–8 w/w%) on the structural and morphological aspects, water barrier, and mechanical, optical, and thermal properties of the biocomposites was evaluated and then the reinforced film was applied on the surface of kraft paper. The release of calcium in an acidic solution was inverse to the size and concentration of particles and the released íon may contribute to the crosslinking of pectin. The incorporation of only 2 % eggshell resulted in 42% lower solubility of the film. The eggshell-reinforced films proved to be more opaque and rigid. The addition of 6% ESAJ significantly improved the tensile strength (an increase of 32%), modulus of elasticity (an increase of 29.7%), and water vapor barrier (59% of improvement). DSC analysis suggests that the calcium from the eggshell interacts with the pectin polymeric structure, reducing the sites available for water molecules, which may have caused more mobility of the chains through the matrix. The reinforced pectin/starch film was very well adhered to the kraft paper in the application test by continuous casting, but the coated paper showed no improvement in oil and water resistance, which means that other coating processes need to be explored. • Eggshell was used as a reinforcing filler material in pectin/starch film. • Eggshell particles were well adhered to the matrix. • The eggshell powder had improved the water resistance of the pectin/starch film. • The addition of 6% eggshell had increased the film's tensile strength in 32%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under carbon cap-and-trade regulation, to control carbon emissions and improve the recycling efficiency of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) from the traditional offline recycling channel, more enterprises attempt to simultaneously combine the online recycling platform with the digital transformation of the supply chain. Based on a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) with dual recycling channels and considering recycling advertising invested both in offline and online recycling channels, this paper attempts to explore the optimal recycling advertising mode which can both achieve economic and environmental performance under cap-and-trade regulation. Therefore, game models including a manufacturer and above either recycler are established, which are respectively correspond to four recycling advertising modes: manufacturer cooperates with neither recycler (MO mode), manufacturer only cooperates with the offline retailer (MR mode), manufacturer only cooperates with the online recycling platform (MT mode), and manufacturer cooperates with either recycler (MRT mode). Consequently, this paper solves the optimal decisions of the tripartite and focuses on the analysis of the impact of cooperative (competitive) recycling advertising under cap-and-trade regulation. By comparing the profits and total carbon emissions of the whole CLSC under four recycling advertising modes, the results indicate that: cooperative advertising between the manufacturer and two recyclers can achieve economic and environmental performance for the whole CLSC if the free-riding phenomenon occurs in recycling advertising. Otherwise, influenced by competitive recycling advertising, the above mode turns to the suboptimal one for the profits of two recyclers and the total carbon emissions of the CLSC. Moreover, driven by economic benefits, cooperative advertising will eventually become a consensus, but the total carbon emissions may not always be the least. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to advance the field of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and innovation by exploring how CSR investments can drive product and service innovations, creating value for both the firm and its broader stakeholders. Specifically, it examines the relationship between CSR initiatives and their influence on CSR investments, as well as the resulting impact on innovation in products or services that contribute to shared value creation. The proposed framework is tested across three firm sizes—small, medium, and large—using a sample of 410 businesses within the Australian economy. The analysis was conducted using AMOS version 28, which established appropriate measurement indicators and revealed significant direct and indirect effects for the full sample. Additionally, the multi-group analysis explored nuanced relationships based on firm size. By investigating a relatively unexplored Australian context, the paper makes significant contributions by addressing the limited research on internal (employee) CSR, external (environmental) CSR, and ethical (governance) responsibility, examining their impacts on CSR investments. Furthermore, it explores how CSR investments influence innovation to create shared value and highlights the moderating effects of different firm sizes on the relationships between the antecedents, CSR investments, and innovation. The paper concludes by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of the findings, as well as outlining directions for future research and acknowledging limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines linkages between digitalisation and information and communication technology (ICT)-related environmental sustainability business practices. Using a unified modelling framework and firm-level data from Ireland over 2020–2022, it provides novel evidence on complementarities between the use of digital technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) and the propensity of firms to adopt ICT-related environmental sustainability measures. The results indicate that the adoption of ICT-related sustainability measures has been uneven across groups of firms, sectors, and regions. The descriptive evidence shows that the most adopted measures are disposing of or recycling ICT equipment while the least adopted measures are measures to reduce the energy consumption of ICT equipment. The estimation results indicate that digitalisation is associated with a higher propensity of firms to adopt ICT-related sustainability practices over and above other firm characteristics such as firm size, employing ICT specialists, and investing in intangible assets. Firms using AI are more likely to adopt ICT-related sustainability practices. Taken together, the results of this paper suggest that targeted policy measures to incentivize more firms, in particular small and medium-sized, to adopt digital technologies and ICT-related environmental sustainability measures, could foster the twin digital and green transitions. • This paper examines linkages between digitalisation and sustainability measures • The adoption of sustainability measures is uneven across firms, sectors and regions • Digitalisation is positively linked to the adoption of sustainability measures • Larger firms are more likely to adopt sustainability measures • Firms employing ICT specialists are more likely to adopt sustainability measures [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Road tunnels are key components in the transportation infrastructure system, and plays a key role in the carbon emission. At present, the research on tunnel carbon emissions is still at an early stage, and its research target has not yet realized the transformation from low-carbon to zero-carbon. Therefore, this paper proposes the concept of the zero-carbon tunnel and introduces a methodology for zero-carbon tunnel design. This methodology includes defining the accounting boundaries of a zero-carbon tunnel, establishing a tunnel life-cycle carbon emissions assessment model, and verifying the zero-carbon tunnel. The methodology is applied to a road tunnel in China, to assess its carbon emission level and explore pathways to achieve zero-carbon status. Additionally, this paper discusses issues related to zero-carbon tunnels and explores future research prospects in this area. This study provides a reference for subsequent research on road tunnel carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change poses a severe threat to the low-carbon and high-quality development of Chinese cities. This paper uses panel data from 2007 to 2019 for Chinese cities, which covers the transition of China's economy from high-speed growth to high-quality development. Then, this paper investigates the causal effects and mechanisms of extreme temperatures on carbon total factor productivity (CTFP). There are four main findings. First, CTFP calculated by biennial non-radial Luenberger productivity index grows by 3%, which comes from technological advances rather than efficiency gains. Second, both extremely high and low temperatures significantly reduce CTFP, and this negative effect is persistent, especially in poor and southern cities. Third, this negative effect comes from the decline in efficiency change rather than technology change and can also be explained by a decline in the productivity and efficiency of the desired output. Fourth, the forecasted outcomes for the future scenarios under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 1 (SSP1) and 5 (SSP5) indicate a persistent escalation in the adverse effects of extreme high temperatures. The research provides a new perspective for China to cope with climate change on low-carbon development and provides a reference for other developing countries. [Display omitted] • This paper explores how extreme temperatures influence CTFP. • CTFP measures the level of low-carbon and high-quality development. • The two-way fixed effect and long-difference model are used to identify these effects. • The reduction in efficiency and productivity of desired output accounts for the decrease in CTFP. • The results provide a scientific basis for the formulation of climate adaptation policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the global energy strategy shifts towards sustainability, the environmental awareness among the public is increasing, leading to stricter environmental requirements during oil and gas exploration operations. Currently, the majority of countries and regions worldwide prohibit the indiscriminate discharge of drilling waste fluids during oil and gas exploration and development, demanding that these fluids undergo harmless treatment before disposal. Polar region natural conditions are more severe, the temperature reaches a minimum of −70 °C, and the complex composition of the waste liquid, COD concentration (800–40,000 mg/L), petroleum hydrocarbons accounted for 5%–25% of the total weight of the waste liquid, the biological toxicity of the waste liquid requirements to reach the algal EC50 > 1000 mg/kg; Shellfish EC50 > 1000 mg/kg, the requirements of the biodegradability to reach the BODs/CODc>10%. This paper outlines the characteristics and existing issues in polar regions, reviews the progress in physical, chemical, and biological waste fluid treatment technologies, and summarizes the mechanisms of physical adsorption, chemical catalysis, chemical flocculation, and biological degradation. It analyzes the feasibility, advantages, and disadvantages of different methods in polar regions and discusses future development trends, yielding potential technological directions: (1) advancing waste fluid re-treatment technologies and developing cold-resistant flocculants to form a cold-resistant flocculating-degrading agent system; (2) developing advanced oxidation technologies and creating efficient, stable photocatalysts to achieve the harmlessness of polar drilling waste fluids; (3) enhancing biological treatment technologies, conducting research on microbial remediation, and cultivating cold-resistant bacteria capable of degrading hydrocarbons. By reviewing the drilling waste fluid treatment technologies in polar regions, this paper provides a reference for research in environmentally or ecologically sensitive areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the relative effects of ten parameters of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) mix design on its mechanical properties. Research on the effect of the source concrete and of the quality of the interfacial transition zones (ITZ) on the properties of RAC is scarce and additional knowledge would guide RAC mix design towards efficiency and understanding of the effect of recycled aggregates (RA) on concrete. Therefore, this paper presents the outcomes of parametric numerical analyses on this topic. Within the range of parameters commonly found in conventional concrete mix design, it is found that: (1) the quality of both the old and new mortar substantially influences the mechanical behaviour of RAC. High-quality RAC can be produced with RA sourced from, at least, medium quality concrete (C40); (2) a poor-quality ITZ results in a significant decrease in concrete properties, particularly decreasing the tensile strength up to 58%, since micro-cracks that initiate in weak ITZ can readily develop into mortar; (3) the most relevant factors that determine the strength of RAC are the quality of mesoscopic phases, with the relative effects that range from 8% to 53% for compressive strength and from 22% to 59% for tensile strength; (4) the concrete mix design was less relevant, with a maximum influence of 23%; (5) the previous two observations imply that the most efficient way to improve the properties of RAC is to use RA of better quality; (6) a high proportion of coarse aggregates and a lower replacement ratio of natural aggregate with RA can effectively improve the stiffness of RAC by 16% and 15%. This paper contributes to understanding the influence of mix design and raw materials on the properties of RAC and determines the limiting factors that prevent a concrete mix from reaching its intended performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global transition to 100% renewable energy (RE) aims to mitigate climate change, enhance energy security, and achieve sustainable energy systems. Despite numerous studies, reports, plans, and pathways toward achieving this target, comprehensive research on its feasibility is lacking. Thus, this paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the current status, feasibility, and future perspectives of transitioning to 100% RE. It addresses two main questions: "Is a global transition to 100% RE realistic and feasible?" and "What are the impacts of 100% RE on climate change?" The paper examines the global RE landscape, progress, and current status, focusing on increasing the RE share in the energy mix. It analyzes the feasibility of achieving 100% RE and its role in mitigating climate change at the global level. In this regard, the research, plans, and significant progress toward near 100% RE achievements in various regions and sectors are reviewed. The paper highlights innovative solutions, global policy landscapes, real-life examples, best practices, technical solutions, optimization methods, integration improvements, feasibility studies, market dynamics, and RE technology advancements and their role in this transition. A detailed analysis of the challenges facing this transition—including economic, environmental, technical, social, policy, standards, and energy efficiency aspects—is also discussed. Additionally, it provides insightful discussions on solutions and strategies to overcome these challenges, presenting a comprehensive perspective on the transition. Finally, the paper concludes with recommendations for future research directions. The insights provided contribute to the ongoing dialogue surrounding RE transitions, offering perspectives and considerations for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders as they navigate the path toward a cleaner and more sustainable energy future for the planet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inadequate land capacity and low sludge recycling rates have become a major global environmental challenge. Low organic sludge content and inadequate waste management policy mean that there is an urgent need to improve sludge solutions in China, which has the world's largest WWT capacity. Decision-makers face difficulties in selecting sustainable sludge-to-resource technologies given the existence of multiple social, environmental and economic objectives, and also in optimizing the allocation of sludge between different available technologies. In this paper we used a combined analytic hierarchic process (AHP) and entropy weight (EW) method to evaluate four recycling technologies: aerobic composting (AC), dry-incineration (DI), hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and pyrolysis (PY), in terms of five economic, environmental and land resource indicators. The results showed that human toxicity was viewed as the most important indicator, while economic value of sludge product was the least important. HTC had the best overall performance of the evaluated technologies while PY was the least attractive. However, all four sludge recycling technologies showed greater potential for reducing carbon emissions and human toxicity than landfilling when sludge dewatering was included. Sensitivity analysis showed that adjustments to AHP weights only had a limited impact on the technical ranking. Finally, the result was further verified by a particle swarm optimization algorithm. Considering capacity constraints, the optimal proportion of the four technologies was found to be 44.9%, 42.7%, 0 and 12.4% for HTC, DI, PY and AC respectively. The paper demonstrates the effectiveness of combining subjective and objective methods to evaluate multiple indicators, providing decision-makers with a practical analysis framework for waste technology selection. [Display omitted] • Human toxicity ranked highest, while economic value ranked lowest among indicators. • Hydrothermal pyrolysis (HPT) demonstrated superior overall performance. • Weight adjustment for climate change in AHP had minimal impact on technical ranking. • PSO indicates that HPT should hold the highest sludge treatment capacity (44.9%). • Integration of subjective and objective methods enhances the analytical framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban agglomerations (UAs) are not only highly integrated economic communities but also communities of shared destiny with integrated environmental protection and ecological construction. Although low-carbon development within UAs has garnered significant attention, a lack of comprehensive analysis remains regarding the imbalances and driving factors influencing carbon emission efficiency (CEE) in these regions. This study investigates the CEE of China's five national UAs from 2006 to 2020 by incorporating the meta-frontier framework into the super slack-based model. The global Malmquist index analyzes dynamic trends in CEE by decomposing the total factor productivity of carbon emissions to examine the catch-up, innovation, and technological leadership effects. In addition, this paper employs the Theil index to explore the disequilibrium of CEE among the five UAs. Outcomes reveal that, first, CEE has regional heterogeneity, with the Pearl River Delta UA (PRDUA) having the highest CEE and the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei UA (BTHUA) having the lowest CEE. The gap between BTHUA's CEE and that of other UAs is widening. Second, the overall CEE holds improvement room, with its disequilibrium resulting from uneven city growth within the UA. Third, the innovation effect is the key to improving CEE. Fourth, PRDUA serves as the technical leader among all UAs, while the two UAs in the inland area possess the potential for technical leadership. Finally, drawing from the empirical results, this paper provides specific suggestions for advancing industrial transformation, boosting innovation capabilities, and minimizing internal imbalances within UAs. The goal is to steer UAs in China toward low-carbon development. • A comprehensive approach was used to analyze carbon emission efficiency (CEE). • This paper explores the static and dynamic changes of CEE. • This paper finds that the CEE of China's urban agglomerations is disequilibrium. • The innovation effect is the key to improving CEE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examined how political hesitancy shaped the energy transition in Romania. Aiming to reveal the contribution of the media to (re)frame energy transition, we employed topic modelling to identify the core categories that marked the interplay of actors and institutions, value systems, contingent power and resources, and the underlying policy setting. Results revealed eight major categories covering institutional setting and power struggle; the wider economic context; incumbent energy fossil fuels companies – repositioning; emerging green energy actors – positioning; geopolitics; heating and energy distribution; corporate social responsibility; energy market liberalisation, and a residual category related to press verbosity. Through these results we contributed to a finely-grained identification of specific themes on Romanian energy, added insights on how hesitancy is enacted through delays, circumventing the rules, establishing non-compliance, and denials. Our approach showed that the power transmitted by various actors through the media was politically marked and incongruent to the holistic paradigm that energy transition should embrace. Aside from its empirical focus, this paper also contributes by engaging with the hesitant politics concept that provided a flawed solution that while looked counterproductive it also proved invaluable in dodging the complex and uncertain paths of energy transition. • The paper situates energy transition within the socio-political context of Romania. • We employ hesitant politics concept to reflect the reluctance to change. • Underlying political tensions and power dynamics frame energy transition. • Themes like just transition and energy poverty are absent. • Hesitancy helps to navigate energy transition in a falter way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curbing the increasing construction and demolition waste (C&DW) is critical for achieving China's goals of cleaner production and environmental sustainability. This paper based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and combining spatial econometrics with the GM (1,1) model, predicts key time points that will change the growth trend of C&DW and explores measures to reduce production. The results indicate that: (1)As of 2022, more than 87% of China's regional C&DW is unevenly distributed and agglomeration exists. More than 50% of the regions exhibit "high-high" agglomeration, which can lead to an inevitable inter-regional transfer of C&DW, but the central region has formed a "segregation zone". (2) The evolution trajectory of C&DW shows a "growth-decline-regrowth" pattern, with points of change for regrowth occurring when GDP per capita reaches 142,914.24. Construction enterprises and consumption levels contribute significantly to C&DW, while the opposite is true for education, market competition, and transportation. (3) More than 95% of regions will experience C&DW regrowth during 2036–2040. Economic development is no longer considered to play a leading role in C&DW reduction measures. Even if the economic growth rate is increased by 10%, 30%, or even 50%, C&DW will enter the era of full-scale regrowth only three years earlier on average. This paper aims to shift the current focus of C&DW forecasting from solely on model innovation to accurately calculating the timing of future C&DW regrowth by verifying the EKC hypothesis application. This approach fills the gap in the quantitative analysis of long-term C&DW forecasting and provides new empirical cases for the theory of environmental economics. Furthermore, it addresses potential obstacles for decision-makers in achieving "zero waste cities", thereby promoting global cleaner production and environmental sustainability. [Display omitted] • The trajectory of C&DW will show "growth-decline-regrowth" pattern. • GM(1,1) is used to forecast economic growth to mitigate bias due to data accessibility. • The impact of economic growth on C&DW yield will gradually weaken. • C&DW in China will experience explosive growth over the next 10 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focusses on describing the economic benefits of optimizing coordinate measuring machine (CMM) measurement plans using the know-how in understanding the evolution of measurement error due to the dynamic effects of CMM design. The optimization method described in this paper is low in terms of investment costs because it only involves the utilization of the capacity of machinery and service personnel. It is a suitable complementary activity in case of lower utilization of workplaces using CMM for dimensional inspection of production. The conclusions of this paper may be important, especially for workplaces where serial production is inspected. The method can be used for optimizing capacity utilization in the case of an increase of production volume on the order of units to lower tens of percent without spending investment resources. • By optimizing CMM measurement plans, CO 2 can be saved without investment costs. • Correct setting of CMM program for 1 part can lead to saving of €27,000/year. • More than 500 h of CMM capacity can be saved annually per measured part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China's green finance system, green bonds, which strive to achieve balanced development of ecological and economic goals, play a key role in promoting sustainable development. Using ESG data on Chinese listed companies from 2009 to 2022, this paper examines whether green bonds issued by companies encourage their peers to adopt green practices. And then, based on the multi-temporal Difference-in-Differences (DID) approach, this paper explores the underlying mechanisms and heterogeneous effects of this peer influence. The results show that green bond issuance has a significant positive impact on the green practices of peer companies, and its robustness has been confirmed through various tests. Peer effects are primarily driven by competition and access to information, which is particularly evident in highly competitive industries and companies with common institutional investors. In addition, the impact of green bonds issued by industry leaders or high-polluting enterprises will be greater. In order to promote sustainability in different business types and regions, specific policy implications are provided based on these insights: strengthening the green bond guarantee system, fostering market leadership, and implementing targeted regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blending bioethanol with gasoline is recognized as a rapid solution for mitigating nonrenewable carbon dioxide emissions. This approach proves particularly meaningful in markets where the production of this biofuel aligns with sustainable practices. Understanding the alterations in the combustion process holds significance within these markets, contributing to informed decision-making and fostering environmentally conscious practices. In this context, it is widely known that highly ethanol blended fuels can provide benefits regarding suppression of knocking combustion in spark ignited engines if the quality of the base-fuel is not deteriorated to maintain octane ratings. However, the results of engine knocking investigations can be affected by two effects simultaneously. Firstly, ethanol has a beneficial effect on knock suppression due to its high enthalpy of evaporation compared to gasoline, which results in inner mixture cooling especially with direct injection. Secondly, ethanol can have beneficial effects on knock suppression by its decreased self-ignition tendency. This paper provides the set-up and results of an adapted engine testing procedure to diminish the effects of evaporation enthalpy during the knocking investigations of different highly ethanol blended fuels. The presented testing procedure at a single-cylinder research engine includes three technical steps: (1) the engine is equipped with a port fuel injection in stoichiometric operation for all tested fuels; (2) the engine is operated with constant speed of 1500 rpm and constant spark timing of 33° firing top dead center; (3) the engine is operated with fuel individual settings for the intake manifold gas pressure and intake manifold gas temperature. These parameters are adjusted to test all fuels with similar in-cylinder conditions at spark timing. The differing heating values of the fuels obviously result in differing engine loads. However, the presented testing procedure is aimed to achieve comparable in-cylinder conditions at spark timing without the effect of evaporation enthalpy. The novelty of the study lies in its adapted engine testing procedure that mitigates the cross-effects of fuel properties and operational conditions to isolate the true influences on knock occurrence. The paper provides a comprehensive description of the theoretical backgrounds, experimental set-up and post-processing procedures and also shows the results of the first measurement campaign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro gas turbines ranging from 3 to 200 kW are vital for decentralized power generation due to their reliability, rapid load response, and adaptability to 100% hydrogen and hydrogen fuel blends. This paper conducts a techno-economic assessment of MGTs powered by hydrogen, focusing on their environmental, economic, and technical viability. Key factors include the transition from natural gas to hydrogen to achieve net-zero emissions and enhance grid stability. Despite hydrogen's higher initial costs, its declining production costs and cleaner combustion make it a promising alternative. The study utilizes five micro gas turbine models (3, 30, 65, 100, and 200 kW) to evaluate a techno-economic analysis using 100% hydrogen, a 30% hydrogen and 70% natural gas blend, and 100% natural gas as fuels. Technical results are supported by experimental data from the world's first 100% hydrogen-fired micro gas turbine unit in Stavanger, Norway. Standard cost estimations for capital, operation and maintenance, and fuel costs are provided. The study introduces a novel technique for cost estimation and assesses econometric indicators such as net present value, internal rate of return, return on investment, payback period, and cost-benefit analysis. It compares economic scenarios for 2024, 2030, and 2040, highlighting the impact of fuel price volatility and regulatory changes on micro gas turbine techno-economics. Micro gas turbines are ranked using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution-Multi-Criteria Decision Making (TOPSIS-MCDM) method based on their techno-economic performance. The ranking of microturbines based on techno-economic analysis performance is a novel contribution of this paper. Finally, a sensitivity analysis on the five micro gas turbines is carried out by changing the hydrogen fuel price. This research provides a comprehensive framework for stakeholders to make informed investment decisions, ensuring a smooth transition to 100% hydrogen-based power generation. The findings support the adoption of hydrogen and natural gas blends as an interim solution towards achieving a hydrogen economy. • Comprehensive thermodynamic and economical modelling of MGTs utilizing H 2 and H 2 blends as fuel. • Novel, structured techno-economic analysis methodology proposed for 100% H 2 and H 2 fuel blend based MGTs. • Fleet of MGTs ranked (1st, 2nd .... nth) according to techno-economic performance utilizing MCDM-TOPSIS technique. • H 2 powered MGT techno-economy for year 2030 and year 2040 scenario assessment and comparison with year 2024. • Sensitivity analysis of MGTs with H 2 economy and their prominent effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Market growth for biogas solutions is important for climate change mitigation since it enables both effective waste management and a reduction of fossil fuel use. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, based on a discussion on previous research, a categorization of barriers to market growth in biogas solutions is developed. Second, the categorization is used to identify and analyze barriers within the Swedish market. The results show that market growth in Sweden has been reduced by the presence of multiple barriers such as regulatory uncertainties related to taxes and public policy instruments, lack of public funding, lengthy permit and planning processes, increased competition from electrification, lack of communication about biogas benefits, lobbying against biofuels, too high a price on biogas, and fierce competition from fossil fuels. The paper concludes with a discussion of contributions and the managerial and policy implications. • Develops a categorization of barriers to market growth in biogas solutions. • Presents key market actors involved in the respective categories of barriers. • Uses the categorization to identify and analyze barriers in Sweden. • The results show that multiple barriers to market growth exist in Sweden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure and audit governance. The objective is to assess the impact of auditor team independence, auditor professional quality, and transparency of audit procedures on the quality of information disclosure, and to elucidate the role of these factors in advancing sustainable development. Research methodologies include the optimization of information disclosure text analysis using natural language processing (NLP) and text generation techniques, complemented by empirical analysis. Key findings indicate that the maximum error between NLP and manual annotation in the proportion of positive emotions in information disclosure is 0.03, and 0.06 in audit governance. The Rouge index score surpasses the 0.5 threshold, while the Perplexity value varies across three experiments, though remaining generally low. Deep learning model results reveal that auditor team independence, professional quality, and procedural transparency significantly enhance the quality of information disclosure. These findings offer crucial insights for enterprises, regulators, and investors, affirming the rationality and stability of the model, and providing valuable input for future green development strategies and decision-making processes. Through natural language processing and deep learning models, this paper studies the impact of audit governance factors (auditor team independence, auditor professional quality, and audit procedure transparency) on the quality of corporate ESG information disclosure and finds that these factors have a significant effect on improving the accuracy and credibility of ESG information disclosure. [Display omitted] • Exploring the intricate relationship between ESG information disclosure and audit practices. • Revealing the key roles of audit independence, auditor expertise, and transparency in sustainable development. • Enhancing ESG information disclosure analysis with natural language processing (NLP) and text generation techniques. • Robust findings show significant impact of audit governance factors on ESG information disclosure quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green logistics has become a crucial strategy towards the net-zero emission target. Despite the growing attention on the concept, its antecedents, practices, and performance outcomes remain unsettled. The extant literature provides contradictory and limited understandings of how to study these dynamics and outcomes, triggering, in some cases, a partial view of the subject, confusions, and paradoxes in understanding the dynamics between performance outcomes, green logistics practices (GLPs), and antecedents that drive them. To contribute to this field of knowledge, this study aims to examine the antecedents, practices, and outcomes of GLPs and the methodological and theoretical choices used in previous green logistics studies. Forty-five (45) papers published between 2011-2024 were extracted from Web of Science and Scopus following the PRISMA protocol. The review combined bibliometric and systematic methodological approaches. The outcome revealed an increasing body of GLPs with three (3) strands of literature on GLP operationalization: (1) multi-dimensional, (2) one-dimensional, and (3) bi-dimensional. Thematic analysis revealed that forty-four (44%) of the studies are grounded in resource-advantage theories, organizational theories, and system theories. We further found that ninety-one (91%) of the papers used cross-sectional designs and quantitative approaches. Studies from China (20.2%) dominate the field and most studies have been conducted on the logistics and manufacturing industries. Using the Antecedent-Decision-Outcomes (ADO) framework, the study identified fourteen (14) Antecedents of GLP: eight (8) internal and six (6) external factors, four (4) decisions that facilitate the acceleration of GLPs and five (5) broad outcomes of GLPs (i.e., business performance, supply chain sustainability, SC performance, logistics performance, and green performance. Following the Theory-Context-Methodology (TCM) framework, agenda for future research directions were proffered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farm dams that are not planned, designed and managed properly at the individual level can create water storage safety, equity and land-use planning threats to downstream communities and the environment that aggregate at the catchment level. The paper extends previous research and understanding into this threefold phenomenon by exploring the integrated policy needs within the Australian setting. This is achieved through comparative case studies involving assessments of farm dam policies and their integration, and on-site audit-style surveys of dam management practices that are related to the policies in two state jurisdictions, South Australia and Tasmania. These case studies represent weak versus strong farm dam safety, equity and land-use regulatory policies and integration. Survey results in South Australia find most hazardous farm dams studied are not built or maintained to an adequate standard and spillways are blocked and/or under-designed. This results in potentially storing more water than entitled and creating unsafe dams and potential water sharing equity and land-use planning threats at both the individual and cumulative levels in catchments. Survey results in Tasmania are in contrast and hence this state serves as an exemplar of feasible 3-fold integrated policy that is performing effectively. Analysis of results against international regulatory benchmarks finds that in addition to Tasmania's model there are other regulatory options that may better suit different jurisdictions, and cost-effective tools to help integrated policy implementation are also available. Based on these findings policy recommendations for South Australia are made. The paper represents indicative lessons and guidance for any jurisdiction internationally with similar circumstances on how to design suitable integrated policy that helps farm dams and proximate land-use be developed and managed safely and equitably. • Farm dams not planned, designed or managed properly create threats downstream. • Comparative case studies and on-site surveys contrast two Australian states. • Weak versus strong dam management policy integration with land use planning found. • Increased unsafe and unfair water storage and development evident in weak settings. • Guidance to similar jurisdictions internationally for sustainable farm dams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the new round of technology revolution and lithium-ion batteries decommissioning tide, how to efficiently recover the valuable metals in the massively spent lithium iron phosphate batteries and regenerate cathode materials has become a critical problem of solid waste reuse in the new energy industry. In this paper, we review the hazards and value of used lithium iron phosphate batteries and evaluate different recycling technologies in recent years from the perspectives of process feasibility, environment, and economy, including traditional processes such as mechanical milling, magnetic separation, and flotation, as well as pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes. This paper also introduces the highly promising salt electrolysis and direct regeneration restoration technologies, and we pay special attention to simple and efficient new methods for lithium replenishment restoration, which will provide new insights for a wide range of researchers to implement in-depth experiments. • Comprehensive introduction to LFP characteristics and mainstream recycling methods. • LFP regeneration and Li supplementation are clearly categorized, breaking ambiguity. • Clarify the roles, advantages and links of pyro- and hydro-metallurgy in recycling. • Highly summarizes the current direction of lithium-ion battery improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Notwithstanding a growing scholarly interest in stakeholder governance, the issue of how stakeholder governance can motivate a firm's stakeholders to cooperate to the transition to circular economy (CE) is still underdeveloped. This study intends to contribute to advance knowledge in this field by investigating the comparative effectiveness of three stakeholder governance forms – hub-and-spoke, lead role, and shared governance – to motivate stakeholders of a focal company (FC) to cooperate to the development and implementation of circular business models. Drawing on three case studies of Italian companies engaged in the transition to CE, we propose a contingent model of CE stakeholder governance. We found that the most effective stakeholder governance form at FC level depends on CE boundaries, the attitude of market forces to incentivise stakeholder cooperation to the CE, and the owners' identity of the FC. We also found that a FC can adopt different stakeholder governance forms for the diverse CE-enhancing projects it has undertaken, appropriately tailoring the governance arrangements to the nature of activities of each project and to the value, uniqueness, and complementarities of the resources held by the stakeholders involved. This papers makes both theoretical and practical contributions. From a theoretical point of view, it advances knowledge at the intersection of stakeholder theory and governance of the CE in two main ways: first, by pointing out that the transition to the CE requires a shift from a perspective of a company responsibility to its stakeholders to that of stakeholders' responsibility to a company, a supply chain or a local community they belong to. Second, by proposing some conditions under which shared forms of stakeholder governance are likely to foster this transition. From a pratical perspective, this paper suggests how stakeholder governance can be a tool to achieve CE targets at local community, industry, supply chain or individual firm level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaborative environmental management across regions is becoming an increasingly significant development trend. Spatial spillover effects of pollution and competitive interactions of local governments under fiscal decentralisation may result in direct or indirect spatial association of environmental protection expenditure (EPE). To explore the spatial association, this paper examines the spatial spillovers of environmental protection expenditure within neighbouring Chinese provinces from 1998 to 2020. In addition, to take a broader regional perspective, we employ a modified gravity model to construct a spatial association network covering all 30 provinces. The research finds that: (1) There are significant positive spatial spillover effects of EPE. (2) The sub-regional estimation of SAR models suggests that the spillover effects are still positive in the relative economic backward provinces, whereas the governments in the high-quality economic regions tend to "free-rider". (3) The spatial association of EPE in each province shows a relatively stable network structure pattern. (4) The high-quality economic provinces of Shanghai, Jiangsu, Beijing and Zhejiang are at the centre of the network with strong spatial association. Based on the clarification of spillover effects, this paper reveals the roles of provinces in the spatial association network, which can inform governments to develop differentiated environmental policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the primary policymaker and implementer, the government plays an essential role in driving regional green transformation development (GTD). The study of the impact mechanisms of government environmental attention (GEA) on GTD can offer a scientific basis and reference for policy-making and regional governance. However, the varying focus of local governments on environmental issues and the externalities of environmental governance underscore the complexities in the influence of GEA on GTD. This paper proposes a method that integrates multi-source data to explore the impact of GEA on GTD from a spatiotemporal perspective. A text mining framework is first proposed to provide a more accurate measurement of the GEA, and the geographically and temporally weighted regression model is used to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristic and mechanism of GEA's impact. Additionally, the spatial correlation effect is explored based on the gravity model. The results indicate that the level of GTD in China demonstrates an increasing trend with an average annual growth rate (AAGR) of 3.22%, while the variance between provinces is also increasing. GEA has a significant positive effect on GTD (R 2 = 0.866), with an average growth rate of 18.1% following the implementation of major environmental policies. The spatial distribution pattern of GEA's impact shows the characteristics of "central > eastern > western > northeastern". GEA promotes GTD by increasing environmental governance expenditure and enhancing public environmental services, while the transmission pathway of promoting green innovation has not yet worked. The spatial correlation and spillover effects of GEA have shown an overall increasing trend, with the AAGR of 8.92% in the gravity value. Inter-provincial cooperation can promote GTD, and certain collaborative clusters among provinces have been formed. This paper provides novel insights into the theoretical connection between GEA and GTD. The research findings can serve as a reference for the government to propose targeted policies for promoting regional green transformation. [Display omitted] • A text mining framework is proposed to quantify government environmental attention. • The impact of government environmental attention shows spatiotemporal heterogeneity. • Government investment and public services on environment have a mediating effect. • The impact of government environmental attention exhibits spatial correlation effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mangroves, as a crucial coastal ecosystem, possess significant carbon sink functions and play a key role in mitigating global climate change. This paper, based on the Zhanjiang Mangrove Afforestation Project in Guangdong, explores the development mechanisms and economic and ecological benefits of mangrove carbon sink projects through the lens of collective action theory and system dynamics modeling. The study finds that the primary reason for the unsustainable progression of mangrove carbon sink projects is the lack of intrinsic motivation among local villagers to engage in collective action. By constructing a system dynamics model, this paper quantifies the long-term impacts of mangrove carbon sink projects on local socio-economic welfare and proposes policy optimization recommendations. These recommendations include expanding income sources for local villagers, establishing carbon trading and ecological compensation mechanisms, and involving international non-governmental organizations. The findings of this study not only provide guidance for mangrove carbon sink projects in China but also offer valuable insights for the promotion of similar projects globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the backdrop of rapid digitalization growth and deep integration with the real economy, companies are faced with more extensive and complex social responsibilities. Based on the data of 1178 A-share listed companies in China's Shanghai and Shenzhen markets from 2014 to 2021, this study empirically analyses the impact of regional digitalization on corporate ESG performance by constructing a double-difference model using the establishment of China's National Pilot Zone for the Innovative Development of the Digital Economy. This paper found that regional digital construction can improve corporate ESG performance by enhancing corporate environmental information disclosure, improving the scale of social donations, and enhancing risk resilience. In addition, the higher the level of public environmental concern in the region, the more obvious the enhancement of digital construction on corporate ESG performance. The contribution of regional digital construction to corporate ESG is also stronger in firms with high executive environmental awareness than in those with low. At the same time, this paper also responds to some scholars' questioning of corporate ESG by verifying that corporate ESG report disclosure is motivated by corporate sustainability rather than self-impression management from the dimensions of corporate management's manipulation of information and the corporate's actual environmental behavior. This paper enriches the research on the impact of the external digital environment on corporate ESG performance. It is of great significance for developing countries to promote the active participation of enterprises in ESG practices through the opportunity of digital development. [Display omitted] • A review of differentiated studies on the impact of digitization on ESG performance. • Regional digitization can contribute to corporate ESG performance. • Environmental information disclosure, the scale of social donations, and risk resilience are the mechanisms. • Refutes the idea that corporate ESG performance stems from impression management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The path to electrification of the informal and organic transport sector – minibus taxis in South Africa's case – is fraught with challenges. These stem mainly from shorter ranges and slower re-energising of electric vehicles, compounded by their unscheduled nature and day-variant routing. However, the transformation also presents opportunities for improving infrastructure and vehicle utilisation. Planning for electrification becomes a complex spatio-temporal interdependence between mobility, infrastructure (civil and electrical), vehicle specifics, and driver behaviour. This paper evaluates two scenarios using mixed fleet analysis: (1) striving to achieve the same mobility patterns with equal-sized electric vehicles and (2) scheduling for passenger demand, which was extracted from existing mobility patterns. The paper's main contributions lie in a proposed method to bridge the gap between these two scenarios through trip extraction, as well as introducing the concept of mixed fleets as a way to achieve electrification in the paratransit industry. The results show that using passenger demand to place the charging infrastructure and schedule the vehicles and their charging, results in a reduced number of vehicles, a higher proportion of electric vehicles in the fleet, a reduced number of chargers required, a reduced grid impact, and only a fractional increase in total fleet distance covered. Consequently, we propose to leverage the transformational opportunity presented by electrification to structure sub-Saharan Africa's paratransit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graph theory (GT) has become an indispensable tool for exploring environmental interconnections and elucidating ecological relationships. The integration of GT with Ecological network analysis (ENA) has been increasingly recognised for its potential to enhance our understanding of ecological systems. However, the application of GT in ENA faces several limitations that warrant closer examination. This paper aims to investigate these challenges through a systematic review, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The review encompasses 329 selected articles published from January 2014 to December 2021, highlighting GT's uptake in ENA but also pinpointing significant challenges. The review reveals that while GT offers flexibility in analysing different ecological networks (ENs), challenges exist related to understanding landscape dynamics, the accuracy of measurement scale, species-specific data, and reliability. Specially, the use of nodes and links presents definitional and measurement complexities, compounded by an overwhelming variety of indicators that may dilute analytical precision. The paper advocates for the development of frameworks to conceptualise ideal and sustainable ENs and to establish indicators for assessing network efficacy. Future research must tackle these methodological hurdles, with a special focus on refining measurement scale, species-specific data, spatio-temporal considerations, and node and link assessment for different species, while ensuring reliability. Additionally, the potential of GT to mitigate the impact of ecological threats is underscored as a critical area for future applications. Addressing these challenges is imperative for advancing GT's contribution to ENA and fostering more effective environmental conservation strategies. • Graph theory is adaptable for analysing structural and functional ecological networks. • Accuracy of graph theory usage in ecological network analysis depends on key factors. • Integrating diverse data sources enhances ecological network study robustness. • Proper spatio-temporal resolution boosts connectivity assessment credibility. • Reliability directly impacts the validity of ecological network research findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Celebrity and influencer endorsement, a widely used strategy, presents an ambiguous efficacy in promoting pro-environmental behavior. Past studies in this field have lacked exploration into the psychosocial mechanisms influencing individuals to adopt environmentally friendly practices. This study, grounded in the source credibility model, consumer decision model, and theory of reasoned action, delves into the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement. Comparing sports and entertainment celebrities in a quasi-experiment, the paper gathered data from diverse community hubs within a densely populated urban settlement. Focusing on Alexandra township in Johannesburg, South Africa, the research examines how individual and social factors influence residents' pro-environmental behavior, comparing two celebrity types: sports and entertainment figures. The paper employed a structural equation modeling to analysed the two samples. Findings highlight the pivotal roles of personal involvement and normative influence in shaping residents' environmental problem recognition. Additionally, a positive relationship emerges between problem recognition and pro-environmental attitude. This research extends beyond Western contexts, addressing a social imperative for behavior change in an urban poor setting. Contributing to celebrity endorsement theory, the study presents a practical strategy for transforming communities into proactive advocates for environmental consciousness. This study, transcending conventional boundaries, illuminates the multifaceted dynamics of celebrity influence. In doing so, it enriches our understanding of effective strategies for nurturing pro-environmental citizens through effective celebrity advocacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research investigates how the resumption of the China certified emission reduction (CCER) market affects Chinese manufacturers' stock market valuations from an operations and supply chain management (OSCM) perspective. The paper draws from a resource-based view to examine the moderating effects of supply chain concentration (SCC), operational slack, and operational efficiency (OE) on the relationship between the CCER market and manufacturers' stock market valuations. This paper employs the event study method to examine market responses to CCER. The results reveal that the resumption of the CCER market significantly enhances the market valuations of high-pollution manufacturers to a greater extent than those of manufacturers with lower pollution levels. Additionally, the research findings indicate that SCC and operational slack attenuate the positive effect of CCER market resumption while OE amplifies it. This paper contributes to the OSCM literature by urging businesses to focus on the roles of SCC, operational slack, and OE in the CCER framework to harness the advantages of the CCER system better. • Resumption of China certified emission reduction positively affects manufacturers. • Operations and supply chain management factors are important moderators. • Manufacturers with varying pollution levels face different institutional impacts. • The event study method is employed to examine manufacturers' market responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As China's urban areas rapidly developed, prefecture-level cities faced challenges in the coordinated development of the economy, society, energy, and environment (ESEE), which could impact public health. Previous research had examined the interactions between the various ESEE systems and their effects on public health. However, relatively few studies had conducted comprehensive analyses across different systems and regions. This paper aimed to conduct an in-depth analysis in this field. First, it calculated the ESEE development levels using principal component analysis, the entropy method, and data from 278 Chinese cities between 2012 and 2021. Next, it employed a coupling coordination degree model, which reflects the degree of coordinated development between different systems, to explore the coordinated development levels and trends of the four ESEE systems in each prefecture-level city. Furthermore, this paper innovatively used a spatial Durbin model, incorporating ESEE coordination levels to investigate their impact on public health in local and surrounding areas. The results indicated that the positive impact of ESEE coordinated development on local public health was 0.5082, while the impact on surrounding areas was 2.0240. This influence was more pronounced in smaller cities, suggesting the need to enhance regional cooperation, balance developmental disparities, and promote ESEE coordinated development to improve public health. Fig. Grid heat map of Spatial Durbin Model correlation network. [Display omitted] • The coupling coordination degree model and the spatial Durbin model were adopted. • The synergy of China's urban economy, society, energy, and environment (ESEE) was assessed. • The impact of coordinated development on public health and its spillover effects was analyzed. • The collaborative development level of ESEE improved year by year. • ESEE had a more significant beneficial impact on public health in small cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive use of manufactured nanoparticles (MNPs) across diverse sectors has necessitated the development of reliable, sensitive, and precise methods for their identification. It's a challenging task to detect and quantify the MNPs in the complex environmental and biological matrices due to their small size, interference with natural components (e.g., proteins, ions, organic matter), and complexity in extraction and purification during sample preparation steps. Therefore, this review paper consolidates the latest advancements in analytical techniques and methodologies employed for MNPs analysis. This piece of work begins with an overview of the sources of MNPs and their widespread utilization, emphasizing the critical need for their effective monitoring due to potential environmental and health implications. Subsequently, it explores the challenges and increasing role of novel sample preparation methods, which are integral to improving the accuracy and efficiency of MNP detection in multifarious matrices, such as soil, water, air, and biological tissues, where their presence is often at trace levels. A detailed examination of recent developments in imaging methodologies, scattering, spectroscopic, and mass spectrometry-based techniques is presented. Advancements in electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy are discussed, underscoring their enhanced resolution and capability in the morphological characterization of MNPs. Innovations in mass spectrometry and isotopic tracing for source identification are highlighted for their heightened sensitivity and specificity in nanoparticle analysis. The paper concludes by discussing the integration of these analytical methods with computational tools (simulation and machine learning) for data analysis, which facilitates a more comprehensive understanding of the transformation behavior and fate of MNPs in environmental and biological systems. Future perspectives and potential directions for advancing MNP detection methodologies are also proposed, emphasizing the need for standardization of protocols to ensure data reliability and comparability across studies. This review highlights the dynamic nature of this field and its critical role in safeguarding environmental and public health in the face of the expanding nanotechnology horizon. • Advanced integration of imaging and spectroscopy for MNP analysis. • Innovative sample preparation methods for complex matrices. • Utilization of AI and machine learning for data interpretation. • Enhanced understanding of MNPs in environmental and biological systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green innovation is a pivotal means of achieving economic growth while mitigating environmental harm, and encouraging green innovation is a goal of policymakers. This paper systematically reviews the literature on the impact of diverse policy instruments on green innovation and corporate performance. We derive three main conclusions. (a) The majority of studies demonstrate that implementing policy instruments (including demand-pull policies, technology-push policies, and soft and systemic instruments) positively promotes the growth of green patents. (b) The development of green innovation involves passive diffusion, influenced by domestic policy interventions, international spillovers, and inter-firm knowledge flow. (c) The impact of environmental regulation and green innovation on firm performance is intricate, with the mediating role of green innovation remaining ambiguous. Finally, the paper concludes by highlighting potential new research directions in green innovation. • Policy instruments positively promote green innovation across various policy types. • Green innovation is influenced by both domestic and foreign policies. • The nexus among environmental regulation, green innovation, and firm performance is complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces an innovative solution for clean energy autonomous building (AB) sustainability, offering a 5Z concept—zero-carbon, zero-energy, zero grid connections, zero energy bills, and zero emission mobility. This paper focuses on fundamental research to design sustainable, energy-ABs striving for self-sufficiency in arid climates, using Kuwait as a case study. The study highlights the importance of stringent engineering AB modeling, renewable technology integration, and clean energy storage. The technical approaches include characterizing non-thermal and thermal demands, achieving net-zero energy generation, and custom sizing renewable energy and energy storage systems (ESS) for electric vehicle (EV) charging points. The research methodology involves local construction with yearly weather and energy profile data to simulate the actual system using ESP-r building model. The study's findings reveal the need for a large-scale energy system, energy demand reduction (EDR) inclusive of heating, cooling, appliances, and EV, with the corresponding changes in local energy production system size, battery capacity, and the number of photovoltaics (PVs). The results show varying EDR levels ranging from base case to 10% and to 50% leading to proportional changes in energy system size, size of battery from 3415 kWh to 1710 kWh and the number of PVs from 362 to 181, which means EDR not only optimizes space but also proves cost-effective. The significant implication of this study, not only bridging the knowledge gap and the lack of how-know, but also making a significant advancement and forward thinking in sustainable green electric home modernization and environmentally friendly transportation. This approach transforms energy management practices for more sustainable cities and societies, reducing emissions in both urban infrastructure and transportation. • 100% green-powered residential autonomous building (AB) in hot climate using PVs. • Year-long free electric vehicle (EV) charging point in a rural area without a grid. • AB simulated using ESP-r building model with yearly weather and energy profile data. • Energy demand reduction (EDR) showed space optimization and proved cost-effectiveness. • Unprecedented integration of AB&EV with clean energy for Kuwait case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modular construction and operation significantly impact building lifecycle management, with various stakeholders playing key roles. Digital twin technology emerges as a cutting-edge tool for information exchange, management, and forecasting in the construction sector, offering comprehensive services for diverse stakeholders. However, research primarily explores potential applications and practical solutions, with limited focus on application strategies considering all stakeholders' interests. This gap hinders the transition of digital twin technology from theoretical to practical use. Addressing this, the paper employs game theory to develop models that analyze key stakeholder decisions during the modular construction and operational phases. It creatively introduces mathematical models for complex conditions in the operation phase and conducts numerical simulations. Findings show that the diffusion rate of digital twin technology significantly affects decision-making by main stakeholders in the construction industries in two stages. The diffusion rate in other industries influences the decision of facility management contractors from different backgrounds, yet its implementation ultimately depends on their status and profitability during the operation process. These diffusion rates are influenced by various factors like government subsidies, development costs, and revenues. To enhance the application rate of digital twin technology, the paper suggests initiating pilot projects, creating project pools, expanding industry-university-research collaborations, and implementing subsidies and incentive programs. • We utilized game theory to analyze the decisions during the modular construction and operation phases • Mathematical models were developed under complex conditions to facilitate numerical simulations of modular construction and operation • We found that the diffusion rate of digital twin technology could impact owners' decisions • Measures were proposed to enhance the application rate of the digital twin technology [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) proposes to accelerate the development of the digital economy and promote "carbon neutrality". In 2020, China announced a "double carbon" target. In 2022, the size of China's digital economy has reached 7.5 trillion dollars, ranking second in the world. Against this background, this paper takes 211 cities in China from 2011 to 2019 as the research object and tries to sort out the impact of the development of the digital economy on the carbon efficiency of cities in order to find an effective path for cities to realize low-carbon development. The results of the study show that the development of the digital economy significantly improves the carbon efficiency level of Chinese cities. After a series of endogeneity and robustness tests, the conclusion still holds. Public environmental concern and technological innovation are the key mediating paths. In addition, the digital economy has a significant non-linear effect on the carbon efficiency of Chinese cities. On the one hand, the low-carbon effect of the digital economy is only realized when the level of digital economy development is lower than the critical value of 0.040 and higher than the critical value of 0.085; on the other hand, the lower the level of urban carbon efficiency is, the greater the effect of the digital economy on urban carbon efficiency. Further research shows that the digital economy has a significant spatial spillover effect on the improvement of urban carbon efficiency, and the development of the digital economy not only helps to improve the carbon efficiency level of the local city but also positively influences the improvement of the carbon efficiency of neighboring cities through the spatial spillover effect. The heterogeneity study found that in eastern cities and megacities, the digital economy has a more obvious effect on the improvement of carbon efficiency. In the context of the booming digital economy, this paper tries to find an effective new path for urban low-carbon development by means of developing the digital economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buildings have significantly contributed to high energy demand (30.3%) and GHG emissions (26.1%) worldwide. Consequently, many developed countries have set carbon-neutral targets for 2050, mandating that all new constructions thereafter be designed as net-zero emission buildings (NZEBs). To achieve this goal, one of the most practical sources of renewable energy, solar power, is employed in this study to estimate the economic feasibility of implementing NZEBs in the non-residential sector of the United States. While past studies have typically estimated the economic payback period of solar power technology by assuming fixed values for "PV energy conversion rates (%)" and "investment costs ($USD)", this paper carefully investigated the economic feasibility of "solar-based NZEBs" by precisely tracking these dynamic future changes in PV panels. These techno-economic variables were carefully predicted using a statistical technique known as the five-parameter logistic (5 PL) function. The results show that Site 4 is the only solar region suitable for implementing "PV-integrated NZEBs", reaching a payback period of 8.44 years in 2040 (Scenario 1). Furthermore, with small technological improvements in PV energy efficiency (%), buildings located in Site 3 and Site 4 can meet the net-zero emission target with payback periods of less than 10 years in 2034 (Scenario 2). Finally, starting in 2044, the "PV-integrated system" will have a payback period of approximately 7 years in most study locations, even without federal support for the solar investment tax credit (SITC). Accordingly, federal support for solar power generation will be more effective if the SITC rate is gradually reduced by 2.5% annually starting in 2033. In conclusion, this paper suggests the economic feasibility of implementing solar-based NZEBs in the United States non-residential sector by considering the synergetic effect of technological improvement and cost reduction in PV-integrated systems. • This study predicted the cost and efficiency of PV panels to estimate the economic feasibility of solar-based NZEBs. • The cost reduction and technical advancement in PV panels can remarkably improve the economics of solar power. • The 5 PL function is systematically modeled to predict the total investment cost and efficiency of PV panels. • In most study locations, solar-based NZEBs are projected to achieve a 7-year payback period beginning in 2044. • The federal support for the SITC rate (%) is recommended to be gradually lowered starting in 2033. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]