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First described in December 2019 in Wuhan (China), COVID-19 disease rapidly spread worldwide, constituting the biggest pandemic in the last 100 years. Even if SARS-CoV-2, the agent responsible for COVID-19, is mainly associated with pulmonary injury, evidence is growing that this virus can affect many organs, including the heart and vascular endothelial cells, and cause haemostasis, CNS, and kidney and gastrointestinal tract abnormalities that can impact in the disease course and prognosis. In fact, COVID-19 may affect almost all the organs. Hence, SARS-CoV-2 is essentially a systemic infection that can present a large number of clinical manifestations, and it is variable in distribution and severity, which means it is potentially life-threatening. The goal of this comprehensive review paper in the series is to give an overview of non-pulmonary involvement in COVID-19, with a special focus on underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical presentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the progress of its management, COVID-19 maintains an ominous condition which constitutes a threat, especially for the susceptible population. The cardiac injury occurs in approximately 30% of COVID-19 infections and is associated with a worse prognosis. The clinical presentation of cardiac involvement can be COVID-19-related myocarditis. Our review aims to summarise current evidence about that complication. The research was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022338397). We performed a systematic analysis using five different databases, including i.a. MEDLINE. Further, the backward snowballing technique was applied to identify additional papers. Inclusion criteria were: full-text articles in English presenting cases of COVID-19-related myocarditis diagnosed by the ESC criteria and patients over 18 years old. The myocarditis had to occur after the COVID-19 infection, not vaccination. Initially, 1588 papers were screened from the database search, and 1037 papers were revealed in the backward snowballing process. Eventually, 59 articles were included. Data about patients' sex, age, ethnicity, COVID-19 confirmation technique and vaccination status, reported symptoms, physical condition, laboratory and radiological findings, applied treatment and patient outcome were investigated and summarised. COVID-19-related myocarditis is associated with the risk of sudden worsening of patients' clinical status, thus, knowledge about its clinical presentation is essential for healthcare workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is an editorial from the Journal of Clinical Medicine, discussing the clinical consequences of COVID-19. It highlights that the respiratory system is most commonly affected by the disease, but other organs such as the neurological, gastrointestinal, and cardiac systems can also be involved. The document emphasizes the complexity of the disease and the wide range of severity it can present. It also mentions the concept of "long covid" or "post-acute COVID-19 syndrome," which refers to the persistence of mild symptoms and disorders after testing negative for the virus. The editorial includes 17 papers that investigate various factors contributing to the clinical complexity of COVID-19, including host-pathogen interactions, different clinical manifestations, and the impact on healthcare systems. It also discusses the influence of virus mutations, demographic characteristics, and lifestyle on the severity of the disease. The document highlights the challenges in clinical management, such as the difficulty in diagnosing bacterial superinfections in critically ill COVID-19 patients. It also addresses the impact of the pandemic on healthcare systems, non-COVID patients, and healthcare personnel. Lastly, the editorial mentions that several articles in the special issue focus on the post-disease and long-term effects of COVID-19, including the quality of life and the physical, psychological, and social effects of the pandemic. [Extracted from the article]

As Fernández-de-las-Peñas and colleagues note, our results also suggest that female sex might be related to a worse HRQOL perception in terms of symptoms after the acute infection, even if the disease is less severe during that phase. We read with interest the original paper by Fernández-de-las-Peñas et al. [[1]], in which they report the results of a multicentre, cross-sectional study aimed at distinguishing the symptoms of COVID-19 in men and women both at presentation and in the long term. Female Sex Is a Risk Factor Associated with Long-Term Post-COVID Related-Symptoms but Not with COVID-19 Symptoms: The LONG-COVID-EXP-CM Multicenter Study. [Extracted from the article]

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become an epidemiological threat and a worldwide concern. SARS-CoV-2 has spread to 210 countries worldwide and more than 6,500,000 confirmed cases and 384,643 deaths have been reported, while the number of both confirmed and fatal cases is continually increasing. COVID-19 is a viral disease that can affect every age group—from infants to the elderly—resulting in a wide spectrum of various clinical manifestations. COVID-19 might present different degrees of severity—from mild or even asymptomatic carriers, even to fatal cases. The most common complications include pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Fever, dry cough, muscle weakness, and chest pain are the most prevalent and typical symptoms of COVID-19. However, patients might also present atypical symptoms that can occur alone, which might indicate the possible SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this paper is to review and summarize all of the findings regarding clinical manifestations of COVID-19 patients, which include respiratory, neurological, olfactory and gustatory, gastrointestinal, ophthalmic, dermatological, cardiac, and rheumatologic manifestations, as well as specific symptoms in pediatric patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]