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Superhydrophobic conjugated microporous polymer-coated sponges (CMP@sponges) were synthesized in one pot by an in situ Sonogashira coupling reaction of silyl and amino group-containing monomers in the presence of melamine sponges. The water contact angles of the superhydrophobic CMP@sponges reached 154.9°. Introducing a small number of amino groups enhanced the hydrophobicity and stability of the CMP@sponges. The CMP@sponges exhibited a good absorption capacity for various oils (more than 80 times their own weight) and were stable after 10 cycles. An oil collection device was also designed to perform continuous oil separation from water. Gasoline and diesel can be collected at speeds of 16–18 mL/s with an efficiency of 99%. The superhydrophobic CMP@sponges can not only separate oil/water mixtures but can also be used for separating water-in-oil emulsions with an efficiency of approximately 90%. In addition, the CMP@sponges show excellent flame retardancy, which can reduce the risk of fire and explosion and holds great promise for the treatment of flammable fuels and organic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four kinds of conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) with imine structures were synthesized by a Sonogashira coupling reaction followed by a postreaction between aldehydes and amines. Palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) were successfully supported on the CMPs to prepare Pd/CMP heterogeneous catalysts and were used to catalyze the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction. The number of aromatic nuclei and nitrogen atoms in the CMPs highly affects Pd loading. In the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction, the Pd/CMP with good Pd NPs dispersibility and appropriate Pd content (Pd/CMP-NA) exhibited the highest catalytic efficiency with 100% conversion and 95.4% yield which can be used for many substrates. The Pd/CMP-NA heterogeneous catalyst was easy to recover and still exhibited good catalytic efficiency after 5 cycles. To further understand the catalytic mechanism of Pd/CMP-NA on the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction, we proposed a rational catalytic cycle. This paper provides an idea for the structural design of CMPs used for Suzuki–Miyaura catalytic reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]