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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the agenda items and outcomes of the London Monetary and Economic Conference of 1933, convened by the League of Nations with the aim of finding common international solutions to the 1929 World Economic Crisis, in terms of the economic policies pursued in Turkey in the early years of the Republic. During the years of the Great Depression, states were pursuing independent economic policies while struggling against the crisis. However, this not only did not solve the problems, but also deepened the economic crisis. At this point, the conference was expected to end the disagreements between the big powers such as the US, Great Britain and France over monetary policies and customs walls and to take common measures against the global economic crisis. However, the conference failed to reach a consensus on monetary policies and the Customs Truce signed at the conference lasted only a few months. On the other hand, Turkey, one of the participating countries of the conference, kept its customs walls high and adopted an anti-devaluation policy in its monetary policies. In essence, this policy was part of the process that had been operating worldwide after the First World War, to the detriment of the industrialized states in the "center". One of the conclusions of the paper is that the divergence of views at the London Conference gave an advantage to "periphery" countries like Turkey, which wanted to pursue independent economic policies in the international conjuncture. Another conclusion reached in the article is that the process of change in the global economy, which started with the First World War and accelerated with the 1929 Crisis, came to light at the London Conference in 1933. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the reflections on the activities of Refet Pasha, who was sent to Istanbul as the representative of the Ankara Government, in the American press were discussed. The study aims to reveal the way of presentation of Refet Pasha's works and his relations with allied representatives to the reader through the American press. For this purpose, news and articles related to the subject were first determined and their classification was made. The news that presented the developments to the reader information, as they are mostly, were evaluated as a priority. Articles found to contain propaganda and false information were excluded from the evaluation. The comparative analysis method was used in the study. Accordingly, the news on the subject in the American press was included in the scope of the evaluation after they were compared with the local sources and especially the information in the local press. It has been understood that the activities of Refet Pasha in Istanbul were carefully followed by the American press and thousands of news and articles on the subject appeared in the relevant press. The possible findings of the study are to reveal the view of the American press on the administration of Refet Pasha in Istanbul and to contribute to the literature on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we are studying the “incubation” practices of the Ancient Age and Byzantine Period in the “religious tourism” scope based on literature reviews. In its broadest sense, the term incubation can be explained as a treatment by means of dreams. Being treated and healing during and under the influence of a dream can be achieved with the effect of power that is derived from faith. The place of sleep to dream ought to be a sacred space, and the interpreter of a dream must be a minister. People are expecting relieve their pain, which they suffer in the physical world, with the help of spiritualism. In this context, Asclepieia of the Ancient world and churches in the Byzantium are the buildings that serve this purpose. The consideration of certain practices that are conducted according to certain rituals are preferred by people in every century in the context of the religious tourism provides us with significant hints in tracing them back and understanding their similarities and differences, along with their common parts. This study, where you will find specific examples for the religious applicability of the incubation and the spatial insights of this practice, aims at bringing a different perspective to the causality of religious tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the conservation and restoration of a terracotta burial find from Nif Mountain Excavation is studied. İzmir Nif Mountain Research and Excavation Project is carried out by Prof. Dr. Elif Tül Tulunay on Nif Mountain which is located on the borders of Buca, Bornova, Torbalı and Kemalpaşa districts of İzmir. Within the scope of the project, four excavation sites were studied in Karamattepe, Ballıcaoluk, Başpınar and Dağkızılca on the Nif Mountain. A terracotta hydria was found in a grave excavated in Karamattepe in 2012. Beginning from the discovery of the hydria which was used as a cremation vessel in the grave, the conservation process and restoration phases in the Nif Mountain Excavation house laboratory in 2013 season, are discussed here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A requirement of cohesion and recognition has become a liability with the launch of the accession process of Turkey into the European Union. The Bologna Process, also known as a reform process aiming at creating a European Higher Education Area, is a program which every country integrates into with their free will. In line with the objectives of this program, “European Qualifications Framework” and “National Qualifications Framework” have been constituted for each country. This paper analyzes “learning outcomes” which are among the most significant concepts of the qualifications framework. This paper discusses issues such as Translation Studies, which was regarded as a sub‐field of other disciplines, yet is recognized as an independent discipline today, the importance of the education at university level, the advantages and challenges of harmonization with the common higher education objectives within the Bologna Process, to what extent the learning outcomes in accordance with the learning objectives can be achievable and applicable, as well as making some suggestions within this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ottoman Empire had to fight on many fronts during First World War. One of them is Channel front which was opened against British. Minister of the Navy Cemal Pasha was brought to the Fourth Army command in Syria at the same time due to the importance given to Palestine Channel front. The first move Cemal Pasha made in order to pass Suez Canal in February 1915 ended in failure. Acting at the end of 1916, the British approached to the borders by capturing Sinai Peninsula. In 22 December 1914, before the start of the Fourth army’s channel operations, Red Crescent delegation headed by Dr. Neşet Ömer, faculty member of medicine school, came to Jerusalem in 15 February 1915. Here army settled in French and Russian hospitals by collaborating with Medical Organization. Those who were injured during Channel expedition were treated in the hospitals opened by the Red Crescent’s Board of Health. Laboratory was opened to meet Army’s needs of serum and vaccine. Epidemic illnesses were fought against. Suez Red Crescent Committee continued to work depending on the needs of the fourth army and the course of action: Hafiretül-avce opened hospitals in Vadi-i Sarar. After entering Gaza in November 1917, the British seized Jerusalem in December. By the withdrawal o f F ourth A rmy, t he R ed Crescent delegation was taken to Damascus after an arduous journey. In this paper, the work of the Board of Suez and Red Crescent the retreat will be presented by utilizing Red Crescent archive documents. This study is important to clarify what happened behind the Front. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, after having introduced the significant features of specialized languages, the attention will be focused on the language of tourism and, more specifically, on the analysis of travel guides as dominant textual genre of this specialized area. Starting from the traditional paper travel guides, some of their distinctive linguistic characteristics will be analyzed. Then we will reflect on the web migration of the genre and the new forms of emerging textuality will be investigated. A contrastive quantitative corpus analysis between Wikivoyage and ArrivalGuides will be conducted. To conclude, the linguistic, stylistic and collaborative peculiarities of wiki applied to the touristic area will be highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farrâ al-Baghawi's (d. 516/1122) Masabîh al-Sunna has been, an important book in Islamic sciences tradition especially in hadith science. Throughout the history, nearly thirty commentaries were written on Masabîh al-Sunna by Islamic scholars. For, this book includes hadiths on Islamic law which are frequently used by the scholars. In this paper, Bayzawi's commentary method of Tuhfah al-Abrar will be analysed as it is among the first and complete commentaries on Masabîh al-Sunna. This commentary is significant in that it is the only hadith book belonging to Bayzawi. In this article, the sources of Tuhfah al-Abrar will be determined. Moreover, it will be shown that his method of commentary based on explaining the unknown Arabic words within the hadiths and also referring to the theological and legal problems in hadiths. By this way, Tuhfah al-Abrar is classified under intermediary commentaries. In the last analyses, this commentary seems to be taught by Bayzawi himself in his hadith lessons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, two stereotypes of youth literature in Germany and in Turkey are treated from the perspective of youth literature. The problem-oriented adolescence novel "Relax" from Germany and the Turkish drug novel "Dairy of heroin" are analyzed and compared, since the two novels were published in geographically distant areas in the same year and deal with the parallel problems of different cultures. This is very interesting that the same age authors, who probably do not know each other, wrote about the same adolescent problems, customs and experiences in different cultures and explore their desire to be loved. Alexa Henning von Lange, who wrote "Relax" when she was 24, describes the problems of young people in Germany and the lifestyle they choose to avoid these problems, sex, drugs and the request to impose him/herself to friends, the trust and love deprivation with all reality. The reader recognizes the incorrectness of this lifestyle and finds out own solutions. Kanat Güner sat in front of a table, when she was 27, and wrote all her life from her dairy to warn the parents, grandparents and the society, to highlight the problems of the young adults, to criticize the society and to give advices to the reader. Her goal is to prevent the young students from getting into alcohol and drug swamp when they search for love and safety. These two young female writers draw the attention to the universal youth problems experienced in German and in Turkey, where cultures are widely divergent, with the fatal-ending novels and warn especially parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People in many eras of the history have attributed mysterious meanings to letters; sometimes they are the signs of a highly intricate system, which is a basis for plenty of mysterious movements that are nearly put into a religion like Hurufism, in which the universe is explained self‐referentially or using a symbol or an image. In almost every religion, there are perceptions full of mysteries attributed to the letters. The word games that derived from this envision have opened the doors of a new imagination to us thanks to this Court poet. Using the word games, the poets demonstrated that a couplet should not be evaluated only by the meanings and the letters, which are the true masters of the meaning, can be turned into wording and meaning games to become a masterpiece. In Court poetry, a lot of poets have used the letters in various forms and in various meanings in their poems. In this paper, Emrî's collection of poetry has been studied, and the word games or symbolism using letters have been found and examined in terms of the elements they are resembled and their meanings. Moreover, a table has been drawn to show the elements they are resembled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]