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Agriculture affects and is affected by climate change. The development of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is an effective way for agricultural production to cope with climate change. The rice-crayfish coculture system is a combination of the concept of climate-smart agriculture with the experience of traditional Chinese mixed crop-fish systems. This paper reviews the advantages and potential risks of rice-crayfish coculture with respect to climate, ecological environment and economic benefits, and summarises the successful management strategies and operation experiences during the implementation of this CSA practice in Qianjiang City. We also introduce various mixed crop-fish systems in China and suggest the potential of using wetland resources to develop mixed crop-fish systems and CSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture affects and is affected by climate change. The development of climatesmart agriculture (CSA) is an effective way for agricultural production to cope with climate change. The rice-crayfish coculture system is a combination of the concept of climate-smart agriculture with the experience of traditional Chinese mixed crop-fish systems. This paper reviews the advantages and potential risks of rice-crayfish coculture with respect to climate, ecological environment and economic benefits, and summarises the successful management strategies and operation experiences during the implementation of this CSA practice in Qianjiang City. We also introduce various mixed crop-fish systems in China and suggest the potential of using wetland resources to develop mixed crop-fish systems and CSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tibetan Plateau is situated in one of Earth's extreme continental climate settings and is influenced by numerous climatic regimes such as the East Asian and Indian monsoons and westerlies. It is the largest region of the world where permafrost is present at mid-latitudes and its relative warmth and shallow thickness makes it more sensitive to climatic warming than the arctic region. Changes in permafrost temperature, extent and active layer thickness have been observed for decades. In this paper we review these changes in this dynamic permafrost region, especially noting the changes in permafrost distribution and area loss of about 99,000 km2 per decade, increases in active layer thickness of 4-8 cm/year, and increases in thawing days of about 10-16 days/decade. As soil temperature and soil water content have changed, river run-off has decreased over most of the year. Warmer temperatures may have transformed the Tibetan Plateau from a net carbon source in the 20th century to a net sink as the increase rate of net primary production is faster than that of soil respiration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]