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Lower back pain (LBP) is a musculoskeletal condition that affects millions of people worldwide and significantly limits their mobility and daily activities. Appropriate ergonomics and exercise are crucial preventive measures that play a vital role in managing and reducing the risk of LBP. Individuals with LBP often exhibit spinal anomalies, which can serve as valuable indicators for early diagnosis. We propose an advanced machine learning methodology for LBP detection that incorporates data balancing and bootstrapping techniques. Leveraging the features associated with spinal anomalies, our method offers a promising approach for the early detection of LBP. Our study utilizes a standard dataset comprising 310 patient records, including spinal anomaly features. We propose an ensemble method called the random forest gradient boosting XGBoost Ensemble (RGXE), which integrates the combined power of the random forest, gradient boosting, and XGBoost methods for LBP detection. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed ensemble method, RGXE Voting, outperforms state-of-the-art methods, achieving a high accuracy of 0.99. We fine-tuned each method and validated its performance using k-fold cross-validation in addition to determining the computational complexity of the methods. This innovative research holds significant potential to revolutionize the early detection of LBP, thereby improving the quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The medical sciences are facing a major problem with the auto-detection of disease due to the fast growth in population density. Intelligent systems assist medical professionals in early disease detection and also help to provide consistent treatment that reduces the mortality rate. Skin cancer is considered to be the deadliest and most severe kind of cancer. Medical professionals utilize dermoscopy images to make a manual diagnosis of skin cancer. This method is labor-intensive and time-consuming and demands a considerable level of expertise. Automated detection methods are necessary for the early detection of skin cancer. The occurrence of hair and air bubbles in dermoscopic images affects the diagnosis of skin cancer. This research aims to classify eight different types of skin cancer, namely actinic keratosis (AKs), dermatofibroma (DFa), melanoma (MELa), basal cell carcinoma (BCCa), squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa), melanocytic nevus (MNi), vascular lesion (VASn), and benign keratosis (BKs). In this study, we propose SNC_Net, which integrates features derived from dermoscopic images through deep learning (DL) models and handcrafted (HC) feature extraction methods with the aim of improving the performance of the classifier. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is employed for classification. Dermoscopy images from the publicly accessible ISIC 2019 dataset for skin cancer detection is utilized to train and validate the model. The performance of the proposed model is compared with four baseline models, namely EfficientNetB0 (B1), MobileNetV2 (B2), DenseNet-121 (B3), and ResNet-101 (B4), and six state-of-the-art (SOTA) classifiers. With an accuracy of 97.81%, a precision of 98.31%, a recall of 97.89%, and an F1 score of 98.10%, the proposed model outperformed the SOTA classifiers as well as the four baseline models. Moreover, an Ablation study is also performed on the proposed method to validate its performance. The proposed method therefore assists dermatologists and other medical professionals in early skin cancer detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing global infertility rate is a matter of significant concern. In vitro fertilization (IVF) significantly minimizes infertility by providing an alternative clinical means of becoming pregnant. The success of IVF mainly depends on the assessment and analysis of human blastocyst components such as the blastocoel (BC), zona pellucida (ZP), inner cell mass (ICM), and trophectoderm (TE). Embryologists perform a morphological assessment of the blastocyst components for the selection of potential embryos to be used in the IVF process. Manual assessment of blastocyst components is time-consuming, subjective, and prone to errors. Therefore, artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods are highly desirable for enhancing the success rate and efficiency of IVF. In this study, a novel feature-supplementation-based blastocyst segmentation network (FSBS-Net) has been developed to deliver higher segmentation accuracy for blastocyst components with less computational overhead compared with state-of-the-art methods. FSBS-Net uses an effective feature supplementation mechanism along with ascending channel convolutional blocks to accurately detect the pixels of the blastocyst components with minimal spatial loss. The proposed method was evaluated using an open database for human blastocyst component segmentation, and it outperformed state-of-the-art methods in terms of both segmentation accuracy and computational efficiency. FSBS-Net segmented the BC, ZP, ICM, TE, and background with intersections over union (IoU) values of 89.15, 85.80, 85.55, 80.17, and 95.61%, respectively. In addition, FSBS-Net achieved a mean IoU for all categories of 87.26% with only 2.01 million trainable parameters. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method could be very helpful in assisting embryologists in the morphological assessment of human blastocyst components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]