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The emergence and development of pathological study methods is closely related to the scientific-technical development achieved by society. The traditional methods used for the pathological study of diseases have been enriched with new technologies, which has favored their deepest knowledge, particularly that of neoplasms, one of the leading causes of death in Cuba and in the world. In this paper, an overview is made of the historical development of the different anatomopathological study methods and their impact on the processes of medical assistance and education. A reflection is made on the need to strengthen training for the proper use of the clinical method and for the justified indication and correct interpretation of the results of the examinations that, in a traditional way, have made possible the diagnosis and the assessment of the prognosis and the therapeutic, thus avoiding the irrational use of other technologies that make medical care more expensive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]