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In this paper we investigate the system integration costs for wind and river type hydropower generation in the Turkish electricity market, which mainly covers system imbalance costs, congestion management costs and ancillary services costs. The paper also shows that reflecting the imbalance costs to the renewable generators themselves reduced their generation forecast errors drastically. By using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, we find that wind and river type hydro generations cause significant imbalances in the Turkish electrical system. On average 1 MWh hydro and wind generation increases imbalance costs by 12.04 TL ($2.10) and 4.03 TL ($0.7), respectively. Most of the renewable imbalance effect stems from the congestion between the main consumption areas and the generation zones of river-type hydro. These costs are socialized and reflected to all consumers through transmission tariffs. It seems reasonable to reflect the congestions costs to the ones causing them which will create the necessary incentives to curb them. Defining new price zones that consider the persistent congestions in the system is recommended for this problem as it is a market-friendly and efficient solution. • The research examine the system integration costs of river-type hydro and wind generation. • These generations caused significant imbalances between 2012 and 2019 in Turkey. • They raised imbalance costs by 12,0 TL ($2.1) and 4,0 TL ($0.7) per MWh respectively. • Most renewable imbalance stems from the congestions due to river type generation. • New price zones should be defined considering congestions for this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present the role of Feed-in Tariffs (FiTs) on GHG emission reduction in Turkey. Due to insufficient installed capacity, Turkey can only utilize 27% of its total economically viable renewable energy potential. To increase the share of the renewables, utilization of these sources has become a top priority in the overall energy agenda. Thus, new regulations and policies are introduced. These policies are expected to serve to increase installed capacities of renewable energy power plants, and reduce the CO 2 emissions intensities. Feed-in-Tariffs is considered as a promising policy to increase share of renewable energy and reduction of CO 2 . However, the CO 2 emission intensity in electricity generation has not changed after the FiTs were launched, indicating that additional policies, possibly including a revision of the current renewable energy support mechanism regime, should be reconsidered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Limited fossil resources and severe environmental problems require new sustainable electricity generation options, which utilize renewable energies and are economical in the meantime. Concentrating solar power (CSP) generation is a proven renewable energy technology and has the potential to become cost-effective in the future, for it produces electricity from the solar radiation. In Turkey, the electricity demand is rapidly increasing, while the solar resources and large wasteland areas are widely available in the western and southeastern part of Turkey. To change the energy-intensive and environment-burdensome economical development way, Turkish government supports the development of this technology strongly. These factors altogether make Turkey a suitable country for utilizing CSP technology. In this paper, the potential of CSP in Turkey was studied and strategies to promote development of this technology were given. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Achieving sustainable development is a target that is now widely seen as important to worldwide public opinion. In this regard, the utilization of renewable energy resources, such as solar, geothermal, and wind energy, appears to be one of the most efficient and effective ways in achieving this target. Recently, wind power as a potential energy has grown at an impressive rate in Turkey.This paper reviews the development of wind energy in the country as of the end of October 2003, including its history, studies conducted on wind energy, restructuring of the Turkish electricity market and wind energy applications.Turkey’s total theoretically available potential for wind power may be around 88,000 MW annually, with particularly attractive areas for wind located along Turkey’s west coast and in southeastern Anatolia. Electricity generation through wind energy for general use was first realized in Izmir, Turkey in 1986 with a 55 kW nominal wind energy capacity. However, the utilization of wind energy in Turkey has increased since 1998 when the first wind power plant with a total capacity of 1.5 MW was installed. Up to date, three wind power plants were installed with a total capacity of 18.9 MW, while a wind power plant with a total capacity of 1.2 MW will be commissioned in November 2003.Present applications have shown that wind energy in Turkey is a promising alternative and the strong development of wind energy is expected to continue in the coming years following restructuring of the Turkish electricity market. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]