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Dopamine (DA) is a valuable neurotransmitter of enormous biological significance and it is widely distributed in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). DA has been known to play a critical role in the functioning of central nervous system (CNS), renal, and hormonal systems. It has been discovered that the lack of DA is associated with many clinical conditions including debilitating ailment, Schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease. Many reliable methods have been reported for the accurate determination of DA, however, interferences from co-existing molecules such as ascorbic acid (AA), and Uric acid (UA) are inevitable. To overcome it, molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) is considered one of the best strategy owing to its pre-determined selectivity for an imprinted template. A considerable amount of research has been done on MIP based approach for DA determination. Furthermore, various types of ways including the utilization of conducting monomers, graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and so on have been incorporated to enhance the signal response. In this review, we have not included the vast literature available for dopamine, instead, we have summarized the recent developments of MIP based strategies for the determination of DA using articles encompassing 2010 to till now as well as outlined the current challenges and developmental needs of MIP strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we demonstrate a sulfur-doped reduced graphene oxide (SrGO) product fabricated using an eco-friendly biomass precursor “lenthionine” through a high temperature doping process. The product is used for making a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for detection of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) molecule, which is an important biomarker for oxidative stress, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. The sulfur-doping amount was regulated and a maximum sulfur content of 2.28 atom% was achieved through controlling the precursor amount. Homogenous presence of large number of sulfur atoms in SrGO in the form of thiophenic ( C S C ) bond produced robust sensitivity (∼1 nM), very wide detection window (20–0.002 μM), good selectivity, high stability and reproducibility, and excellent recoveries for the detection of 8-OHdG biomarker in optimized experimental conditions. The excellent electrochemical sensitivity of SrGO sensor is attributed to the strong electron-donating ability of sulfur that facilitates the electron transfer to the biomolecules in the electrochemical reactions. Thus, the proposed method endorses an excellent platform for the electrochemical detection of 8-OHdG with great ease and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) hexagonal nanodisks were synthesized via a facile microwave-assisted hydrothermal process and used, for the first time, as an efficient electron mediators for the fabrication of efficient ethanol chemical sensor. The synthesized hexagonal nanodisks were characterized in terms of their morphological and structural properties. The detailed morphological and structural investigations reveal that the synthesized Mg(OH)2 hexagonal nanodisks are grown in high density, and possessing hexagonal crystal structure. Using as-synthesized Mg(OH)2 hexagonal nanodisks, an efficient and robust ethanol chemical sensor has been fabricated which showed a very high and reproducible sensitivity of ∼6.89±0.01μAcm−2 mM−1 with a response time of less than 10s, linear dynamic range from 0.1μM to 10mM and a correlation coefficient of R =0.9957. The limit of detection (LOD) was estimated to be ∼73nM. This work demonstrates that the simply synthesized Mg(OH)2 nanostructures can effectively be used for the fabrication of efficient ethanol chemical sensors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]